List of lagomorphs (original) (raw)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Animals in mammal order Lagomorpha

Brown rabbit

European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

Brown pika

Large-eared pika (Ochotona macrotis)

Lagomorpha is an order of placental mammals, comprising the rabbits, hares, and pikas. Members of this order are called lagomorphs. It currently comprises 93 extant species, which are grouped into 12 genera. Lagomorphs live on every major landmass except Antarctica, and in a variety of habitats, especially forests, grasslands, shrublands, and rocky areas. They are generally small in size and come in two main groupings of body plans, the larger rabbit group and smaller pika group, ranging overall from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 76 cm (30 in) long desert hare. The domestic rabbit subspecies of the European rabbit has been domesticated, resulting in a worldwide distribution.

Lagomorpha is divided into two families: Leporidae, comprising the rabbits and hares; and Ochotonidae, or the pikas. The 64 extant species of Leporidae are divided into 11 genera, though the majority of the species are placed into Sylvilagus (cottontail rabbits) and Lepus (hares); the 29 extant species of Ochotonidae are grouped into a single genus, Ochotona. The exact organization of the species is not fixed, with many recent proposals made based on molecular phylogenetic analysis. No lagomorph species have recently gone extinct, though some species are endangered and the riverine rabbit is critically endangered.

The author citation for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the collective range of species in that genera is provided. Ranges are based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species unless otherwise noted. All extinct genera or species listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "†".

Worldwide except for Antarctica, southern South America, northern Oceania, and inland Greenland

Lagomorpha range

The order Lagomorpha consists of 93 extant species belonging to 12 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 12 genera can be grouped into 2 families.[1]

Family Leporidae

Family Ochotonidae

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[2]

Members of the Leporidae family are called leporids, or colloquially rabbits and hares. Leporidae comprises 73 extant species, divided into 11 genera.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – eleven genera

Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Brachylagus Gray rabbit Miller, 1900 One species B. idahoensis (Pygmy rabbit) Western America (introduced in red)Map of range Size: 23–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 1–3 cm (0.4–1.2 in) tail[3]Habitats: Shrubland and desert[4]Diet: Sagebrush, as well as grass and other plants[3]
Bunolagus Gray rabbit Thomas, 1929 One species B. monticularis (Riverine rabbit) Southern South AmericaMap of range Size: 33–47 cm (13–19 in) long, plus 7–11 cm (3–4 in) tail[5]Habitat: Shrubland[6]Diet: Shrubs as well as grass[6]
Caprolagus Brown hare Blyth, 1845 One species C. hispidus (Hispid hare) HimalayasMap of range Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[7]Habitats: Grassland and inland wetlands[8]Diet: Grass as well as other plants[8]
Lepus(hare)Brown hare Linnaeus, 1758 32 species L. alleni (Antelope jackrabbit) L. americanus (Snowshoe hare) L. arcticus (Arctic hare) L. brachyurus (Japanese hare) L. californicus (Black-tailed jackrabbit) L. callotis (White-sided jackrabbit) L. capensis (Cape hare) L. castroviejoi (Broom hare) L. comus (Yunnan hare) L. coreanus (Korean hare) L. corsicanus (Corsican hare) L. europaeus (European hare, pictured) L. fagani (Ethiopian hare) L. flavigularis (Tehuantepec jackrabbit) L. granatensis (Granada hare) L. habessinicus (Abyssinian hare) L. hainanus (Hainan hare) L. insularis (Black jackrabbit) L. mandshuricus (Manchurian hare) L. nigricollis (Indian hare) L. oiostolus (Woolly hare) L. othus (Alaskan hare) L. peguensis (Burmese hare) L. saxatilis (Scrub hare) L. sinensis (Chinese hare) L. starcki (Ethiopian highland hare) L. tibetanus (Desert hare) L. timidus (Mountain hare) L. tolai (Tolai hare) L. townsendii (White-tailed jackrabbit) L. victoriae (African savanna hare) L. yarkandensis (Yarkand hare) Africa, Asia, Europe, and North America Size range: 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Yarkand hare) to 76 cm (30 in) long (Desert hare)[9]Habitats: Desert, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, savanna, caves, and grassland[10]Diets: Wide variety of plants[10]
Nesolagus(striped rabbit)Stuffed brown rabbit Major, 1899 Two species N. netscheri (Sumatran striped rabbit, pictured) N. timminsi (Annamite striped rabbit) Sumatra and the Annamite Range in Laos and VietnamMap of range Size range: 35 cm (14 in) long (Annamite striped rabbit) to 42 cm (17 in) long plus 17 cm (7 in) tail (Sumatran striped rabbit)[11]Habitat: Forest[12]Diets: Various plants[12]
Oryctolagus Brown and white rabbit Lilljeborg, 1762 One species O. cuniculus (European rabbit) Europe, southern South America, and Oceana (native in orange, introduced in purple)Map of range Size: 38–50 cm (15–20 in) long[13]Habitats: Forest, savanna, shrubland, and grassland[14]Diet: Grass, leaves, buds, bark, and roots[13]
Pentalagus Stuffed brown rabbit Lyon, 1904 One species P. furnessi (Amami rabbit) Southern tip of JapanMap of range Size: 39–53 cm (15–21 in) long, plus 2–4 cm (1–2 in) tail[15]Habitats: Forest, shrubland, and intertidal marine[16]Diet: Herbs, shrubs, and acorns[16]
Poelagus St. Leger, 1932 One species P. marjorita (Bunyoro rabbit) Central AfricaMap of range Size: 45–50 cm (18–20 in) long, plus 4–5 cm (1.6–2.0 in) tail[17]Habitats: Forest, savanna, and rocky areas[18]Diet: Grass, shrubs, forbs, and tubers[17]
Pronolagus(red rock hare)Gray rabbit Lyon, 1904 Four species P. crassicaudatus (Natal red rock hare) P. randensis (Jameson's red rock hare, pictured) P. rupestris (Smith's red rock hare) P. saundersiae (Hewitt's red rock hare) Southern Africa (P. crassicaudatus in purple, P. randensis in green, P. rupestris in orange, and P. saundersiae in blue)Map of range Size range: 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 5 cm (2 in) tail (Hewitt's red rock hare) to 56 cm (22 in) long plus 11 cm (4 in) tail (Natal red rock hare)[19]Habitats: Desert, grassland, shrubland, and rocky areas[20]Diets: Grass, herbs, and shrubs[20]
Romerolagus Gray rabbit Merriam, 1896 One species R. diazi (Volcano rabbit) Southern MexicoMap of range Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 1–4 cm (0.4–1.6 in) tail[21]Habitats: Forest and grassland[22]Diet: Grass[21]
Sylvilagus(cottontail rabbit)Brown rabbit Gray, 1867 19 species S. andinus (Andean tapeti) S. aquaticus (Swamp rabbit) S. audubonii (Desert cottontail, pictured) S. bachmani (Brush rabbit) S. brasiliensis (Common tapeti) S. cunicularius (Mexican cottontail) S. dicei (Dice's cottontail) S. floridanus (Eastern cottontail) S. gabbi (Central American tapeti) S. graysoni (Tres Marias cottontail) S. insonus (Omilteme cottontail) S. nuttallii (Mountain cottontail) S. obscurus (Appalachian cottontail) S. palustris (Marsh rabbit) S. robustus (Davis Mountains cottontail) S. sanctaemartae (Santa Marta tapeti) S. tapetillus (Coastal tapeti) S. transitionalis (New England cottontail) S. varynaensis (Venezuelan lowland rabbit) North America and South AmericaMap of range Size range: 21 cm (8 in) long, plus 1 cm (0.4 in) tail (Tres Marias cottontail) to 55 cm (22 in) long plus 8 cm (3 in) tail (Swamp rabbit)[23]Habitats: Desert, inland wetlands, intertidal marine, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, savanna, and grassland[24]Diets: Wide variety of plants[24]

Members of the Ochotonidae family are called ochotonids, or colloquially pikas. Ochotonidae comprises 34 extant species, which are all contained within a single genus.

Not assigned to a named subfamily – one genus

Name Authority and species Range Size and ecology
Ochotona(pika)Gray and brown pika carrying flowers Link, 1795 29 species O. alpina (Alpine pika) O. argentata (Helan Shan pika) O. cansus (Gansu pika) O. collaris (Collared pika) O. coreana (Korean pika) O. curzoniae (Plateau pika) O. dauurica (Daurian pika) O. erythrotis (Chinese red pika) O. forresti (Forrest's pika) O. gloveri (Glover's pika) O. hoffmanni (Hoffmann's pika) O. hyperborea (Northern pika) O. iliensis (Ili pika) O. koslowi (Koslov's pika) O. ladacensis (Ladak pika) O. macrotis (Large-eared pika) O. mantchurica (Manchurian pika) O. nubrica (Nubra pika) O. opaca (Kazakh pika) O. pallasi (Pallas's pika) O. princeps (American pika, pictured) O. pusilla (Steppe pika) O. roylei (Royle's pika) O. rufescens (Afghan pika) O. rutila (Turkestan red pika) O. syrinx (Tsing-ling pika) O. thibetana (Moupin pika) O. thomasi (Thomas's pika) O. turuchanensis (Turuchan pika) Asia and western North America Size range: 11 cm (4 in) long (Gansu pika) to 29 cm (11 in) long (Northern pika)[25]Habitats: Desert, forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland[26]Diets: Wide variety of plants[26]
  1. ^ a b Matthee, C. A.; Van Vuuren, B. J.; Bell, D.; Robinson, T. J. (2004). "A Molecular Supermatrix of the Rabbits and Hares (Leporidae) Allows for the Identification of Five Intercontinental Exchanges During the Miocene". Systematic Biology. 53 (3): 433–477. doi:10.1080/10635150490445715. PMID 15503672.
  2. ^ Wilson, Reeder, pp. 185–211
  3. ^ a b Rohde, Ashley (2006). "Brachylagus idahoensis". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  4. ^ Rachlow, J.; Becker, P. A.; Shipley, L. (2016). "Brachylagus idahoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T2963A45176206. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T2963A45176206.en.
  5. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 91
  6. ^ a b
  7. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 94
  8. ^ a b Aryal, A.; Yadav, B. (2019). "Caprolagus hispidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T3833A45176688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T3833A45176688.en.
  9. ^ Lepus sizes:
  10. ^ a b Lepus habitats and diets:
  1. ^ Nesolagus sizes:
  1. ^ a b Nesolagus habitats and diets:
  1. ^ a b Tislerics, Ati (2000). "Oryctolagus cuniculus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  2. ^ Villafuerte, R.; Delibes-Mateos, M. (2020) [errata version of 2019 assessment]. "Oryctolagus cuniculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41291A170619657. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T41291A170619657.en.
  3. ^ Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, p. 105
  4. ^ a b Yamada, F. and Smith; A. T. (2016). "Pentalagus furnessi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T16559A45180151. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T16559A45180151.en.
  5. ^ a b Portman, Charles (2004). "Poelagus marjorita". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
  6. ^ Johnston, C. H.; Smith, A. T. (2019). "Poelagus marjorita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T41292A45189965. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T41292A45189965.en.
  7. ^ Pronolagus sizes:
  1. ^ a b Pronolagus habitats and diets:
  1. ^ a b Smith, Johnston, Alves, Hackländer, pp. 114–115
  2. ^ Velázquez, A.; Guerrero, J. A. (2019). "Romerolagus diazi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T19742A45180356. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T19742A45180356.en.
  3. ^ Sylvilagus sizes:
  1. ^ a b Sylvilagus habitats and diets:
  1. ^ Ochotona sizes:
  1. ^ a b Ochotona habitats and diets: