List of provinces of Balhae (original) (raw)

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The Balhae (or Bohai) kingdom controlled the northern Korean Peninsula, the area from the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) to the Strait of Tartary, and the Liaodong Peninsula. Similar to the workings of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the administration system of the Balhae kingdom was composed of:

Former State Province Capitals/Ancient name Prefectures level 속주(屬州)
Hanja Hangul RR, Pinyin Hanja Hangul RR, Pinyin Modern location
Sushen숙신肅愼 龍泉府 용천부 YongcheonLongquan 上京/龍州 상경/용주 Sanggyeong/YongjuShangjing/Longzhou Ning'an (寧安市) (Manchu: Ninguta 寧古塔) 용주(龍州): the capital of the Bohai Kingdom. Having eight counties under its jurisdiction: 永寧、豐水、扶羅、長平、富利、佐慕、肅慎、永平. The seat was near present-day Ning'an. 호주(湖州): Having one county under its jurisdiction: 長慶. Southwest of Ning'an County, northwest of Jingpo Lake 발주(渤州). having one county under its jurisdiction: 貢珍. Its seat was located in the northeast of present-day Ning'an City, on the east bank of the Mudan River, or in the northwest of present-day Linkou County.
Sushen숙신肅愼 顯德府 현덕부 HyundeokXiande 中京/顯州 중경/현주 Junggyeong/HyeonjuZhongjing/Xianzhou Helong/Dunhua (和龍市/敦化市) 노주(盧州) = Antu County (山陽、杉盧、漢陽、白岩、霜岩) 현주(顕州) 철주(鐵州) 탕주(湯州) = 靈峰縣 (now in Emu, Dunhua City), (靈峰、常豐、白石、均谷、嘉利) 영주(榮州) = Xigucheng (西古城) in Helong City (崇山、溈水、綠城) 흥주(興州) = Baihe 涑州（獨奏州）= Tuchengzi Manchu and Korean Township (Changyi District, Jilin City)
Yemaek예맥濊貊 龍原府 용원부 YongwonLongyuan 東京/慶州 동경/경주 Donggyeong/GyeongjuDongjing/Qingzhou Hunchun 경주(慶州) = Baliancheng (Hunchun). Having three counties under its jurisdiction: 龍原、永安 (now Ying'an Town, Hunchun)、壁谷 (now in Chunhua Town, Hunchun) 염주(鹽州) = Zarubino. The seat was in 龍河縣 (now Kraskino). Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 海陽、接海、格川、龍河. 목주(穆州): The seat was in 會農縣 (now Ryongbung-lodongjagu, Kyongwon County, North Korea)하주(賀州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 洪賀、送誠、吉理、石山
Okjeo옥저沃沮 南海府 남해부 NamhaeNanhai 南京/沃州 남경/옥주 Namgyeong/OkjuNanjing/Wozhou Hamheung 옥주(沃州): Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 沃沮、鷲岩、龍山、濱海、昇平、靈泉. The seat was in 沃沮縣 (today Hamhung, North Korea. Another theory is that it is located in Namsansŏng (南山城), Kyongsong County and Pukchong County. 정주(睛州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction: 天睛、神陽、蓮池、狼山、仙岩. The seat was in 天睛縣 (today Kujin (구진/舊津) northwest of Hamhung). 초주(椒州): Having five counties under its jurisdiction:椒山、貂嶺、澌泉、尖山、岩淵. The seat was in 東山城裡, Maengsan County)
Goguryeo고구려高句麗 鴨綠府 압록부 AmnokYalü 西京/神州 서경/신주 Seogyeong/SinjuXijing/Shenzhou Linjiang 신주(神州): Having three counties under its jurisdiction:神鹿、神化、劍門. The seat was in 神鹿縣 (today Huludao Village (葫蘆套村), southwest of Linjiang City.) 환주(桓州). The seat was in 桓都縣 (today Jian). 풍주(豊州) = Today Hyesan and Changbai Korean Autonomous County. Having four counties under its jurisdiction: 安豐、渤恪、隰壤、硤石. The seat was in 安豐. 정주(正州). The seat was in Fu'er River basin in Tonghua. Having one county under its jurisdiction: 東那縣.
Goguryeo고구려高句麗 長嶺府 장령부 JangnyeongChangling 瑕州 하주 HajuXiazhou Jingyu(靖宇县) 하주(瑕州): The seat was in Sumigouxiang (蘇密溝鄉), Huadian (Jilin). 하주(河州): The seat was in Shancheng town (山城鎮), Maihekou.
Buyeo부여夫餘 夫餘府 부여부 BuyeoFuyu 扶州 부주 BujuFuzhou Kaiyuan 부주(扶州): The seat was in 扶餘縣 (today Yimian City (一面城) of Siping). It has jurisdiction over four counties: 扶餘、布多、長平、永平. 선주(仙州): The seat was in Chengzishan Mountain City (城子山山城) in Xifeng County, Liaoning. It has jurisdiction over three counties: 強師（帥）、新安、漁谷..
Buyeo부여夫餘 鄚頡府 막힐부 MakhilMoxie 鄚州 막주 MakjuMozhou Acheng(阿城) 막주(鄚州): The seat was located in 奧喜 (present-day Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province). 고주(高州): The seat was located in present-day Niaohexiang (鳥河鄉), Bin County, Heilongjiang Province.
읍루揖婁/우루부말갈虞婁部靺鞨 定理府 정리부 JeongniDingli 定州 정주 Jeongju/Dingzhou Partizansk 정주(定州): The seat was located in Sandaohezi (三道河子) on the lower reaches of Mudanjiang River in Hailin City. Another theory is that it was located in Partizansk, Russia. It has jurisdiction over five counties: 定理、平邱、岩城、慕美、安夷. 반주(潘州): The seat was located in present-day Wudaohezitun (五道河子屯) in Sandaotong Town (三道通鎮), Linkou. It has jurisdiction over four counties: 潘水、安定、保山、能利.
읍루揖婁/우루부말갈虞婁部靺鞨 安邊府 안변부 AnbyeonAnbian 安州 안주 AnjuAnzhou Olga 안주(安州): Present-day Olga, Russia. 경주(瓊州)
솔빈率賓 率賓府 솔빈부 SolbinShuaibin 華州 화주 HwajuHuazhou Ussuriysk/Shuaibin 화주(華州): The seat is now in Ussuriysk, Russia). Another theory is that it was located in Dachengzi Village (大城子村), Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province.익주(益州): The seat was in Bohai Ancient City near Vladivostok, and its jurisdiction was in the Suifen River basin. 건주(建州): Is located in Dachengzi Ancient City (大城子古城), Dongning City, Heilongjiang Province. It is also said that it was in Krasnyi Yar village near Ussuriysk. on the other side of the Suifen River.
불열拂涅 東平府 동평부 DongpyeongDongping 伊州 이주 IjuYizhou Dangbi(密山市/当壁鎮) 이주(伊州) 몽주(蒙州) 타주(沱州)=Troitskoye 흑주(黑州) 비주(比州)
철리鐵利 鐵利府 철리부 CheolliTieli 德理鎮 덕리진 Deongnijin/Delizhen Yilan(依蘭郷) 광주(廣州)분주(汾州)포주(蒲州)해주(海州)귀주(歸州)
월희越喜 懷遠府 회원부 HoewonHuaiyuan 達州 달주 Dalju Tongjiang(同江市) 달주(達州)월주(越州)회주(懷州)기주(紀州)부주(富州)미주(美州)복주(福州)사주(邪州)지주(芝州)
월희越喜 安遠府 안원부 AnyuanAnwon 寧州 영주 YeongjuNingzhou Dalnerechensk 영주(寧州)미주(郿州)=Spassk-Dalny모주(慕州)상주(常州)

Former Balhae provinces

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Administrative map of Balhae

Manzhou Yuanliu Kao provides records which show that the Balhae had occupied the Bisa Fortress at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula. The History of Liao records that the Balhae established provinces at the Sin Fortress, Gaemo Fortress, Baegam Fortress, Yodong Fortress and Ansi Fortress area in Liaodong, as well as a substantial portion of the Liaoxi area. The Balhae sovereign's message to Yamato Kingdom in 796 states that it has recovered the entire old Goguryeo territory and its ruler's authority now shines beyond the Liao River. The Balhae came to occupy the Songhua and Wusuli River basins as well as the whole adjoining coastal zone along the Sea of Japan (East Sea).