List of supernova candidates (original) (raw)

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Map showing various supernova candidates, most of which are within one kiloparsec from the Solar System.[1]

This is a list of supernova candidates, or stars that are believed to soon become supernovae. Type II supernova progenitors include stars with at least 8~10 solar masses that are in the final stages of their evolution. Prominent examples of stars in this mass range include Antares, Spica, Gamma Velorum,[2] Mu Cephei, and members of the Quintuplet Cluster.[3] Type Ia supernova progenitors are white dwarf stars that are close to the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.44 solar masses and are accreting matter from a binary companion star.

The list includes massive Wolf–Rayet stars, which may become Type Ib/Ic supernovae, particularly oxygen-sequence (Wolf-Rayet WO) stars. As of 2023, most of these candidates are in the Milky Way galaxy, however five oxygen-sequence Wolf-Rayet stars are also known in other galaxies.

Identifier Epoch J2000 Constellation Distance(light years) Spectral class Evolutionary stage Possible supernovatype Notes
R. A. Dec.
IK Pegasi 21h 26m 26.7s +19° 22′ 32″ Pegasus 154.4±1.0[4] A8m:/DA White dwarf Ia
Spica 13h 25m 11.6s −11° 09′ 40.8″ Virgo 250+14−13[5] B1 Subgiant [6]
Acrux 12h 26m 35.9s –63° 05′ 56″ Crux 320±20[5] B0.5 IV Main sequence (blue dwarf) II [7]
Alpha-2 Crucis 12h 26m 36.4s –63° 05′ 58″ Crux 320±20[5] B1 V Main sequence (blue dwarf) II [7]
Zeta Ophiuchi 16h 37m 09.5s −10° 34′ 02″ Ophiuchus 365±6.52[1] O9.5V Main sequence (blue dwarf) [1]
Betelgeuse 05h 55m 10.3s +07° 24′ 25″ Orion ~400–500[8] M2Iab Red supergiant IIP [9]
Alpha Lupi 14h 41m 55.8s –47° 23′ 17″ Lupus 465+12−11[5] B1.5 Blue giant II [6]
Antares 16h 29m 24.5s –26° 25′ 55″ Scorpius 554+113−80[5] M1.5Iab-b Red supergiant IIP [6]
Pi Puppis 07h 17m 08.6s –37° 05′ 51″ Puppis 807+72−61[5] K3 Ib Red supergiant II? [1][10]
S Monocerotis A 06h 40m 58.7s +09° 53′ 44″ Monoceros 920+150−110[5] O7V Main sequence (blue dwarf) II [1]
S Monocerotis B 06h 40m 58.7s +09° 53′ 44″ Monoceros 920+150−110[5] O9.5V Main sequence (blue dwarf) II [1]
Rigel 05h 14m 32.3s –08° 12′ 06″ Orion 1118+30−28[4] B8Ia Blue supergiant IIn(pec?) [11]
Gamma2 Velorum 08h 09m 32.0s −47° 20′ 12″ Vela 1120+130−100[5] WC8 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic [12][2]
Alnitak 05h 40m 45.5s −01° 56′ 34.3″ Orion 1260±180 O9.5Iab Blue supergiant [13]
119 Tauri 05h 32m 12.8s +18° 35′ 40″ Taurus 1790+300−220[5] M2Iab-Ib Red supergiant IIb [1][10]
Deneb 20h 41m 25.9s +45° 16′ 49″ Cygnus 2615±215[1] A2la Blue supergiant IIL [1]
T Coronae Borealis 15h 59m 30.2s +25° 55′ 13″ Corona Borealis 2690+110−100[4] M3III/D White dwarf Ia [14]
KPD 1930+2752 19h 32m 14.9s +27° 58′ 35″ Cygnus 2860+130−120[4] sdB/D White dwarf Ia [nb 1][15][16]
Mu Cephei 21h 43m 30.5s +58° 46′ 48″ Cepheus 3060+456−130[17] M2Ia Red hypergiant IIn/IIb [18]
Rho Cassiopeiae 23h 54m 23.0s +57° 29′ 58″ Cassiopeia 3440+930−610[4] G2Ia0e Yellow hypergiant IIL [19]
VY Canis Majoris 07h 22m 58.3s −25° 46′ 03″ Canis Major 3930+420−350[20] M5eIa Red hypergiant II [9][21]
IRAS 17163-3907 17h 19m 49.3s −39° 10′ 37.9″ Scorpius 3930+990−660[4] late B/early A Yellow hypergiant II [22]
Wray 17-96 17h 41m 35.4s –30° 06′ 39″ Scorpius 3940+1110−710[4] B3 Luminous blue variable
VV Cephei A 21h 56m 39.1s +63° 37′ 32″ Cepheus 4900[23] M2Iab Red hypergiant [1]
Mu Sagittarii 18h 13m 14.8s –21° 03′ 32″ Sagittarius 5100[24] B8Iap Blue supergiant [25]
P Cygni 20h 17m 47.2s +38° 01′ 59″ Cygnus 5250±590[26] B1Ia+ Luminous blue variable IIb [27]
HD 168625 18h 21m 19.5s −16° 22′ 26″ Sagittarius 5250+600−490[4] B6Ia Luminous blue variable II [28]
NML Cygni 20h 46m 25.6s +40° 06′ 59.4″ Cygnus 5250+420−360[29] M6I Red hypergiant II [30]
IRC +10420 19h 26m 48.1s +11° 21′ 17″ Aquila 5600+2200−1200[4] F8Ia+ Yellow hypergiant IIb [31][32]
WR 142 20h 21m 44.3s +37° 22′ 31″ Cygnus 5670+290−270[4] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic
WR 136 20h 12m 06.5s +38° 21′ 18″ Cygnus 6700+500−430[4] WN6(h)-s Wolf–Rayet star Ic
RS Ophiuchi 17h 50m 13.2s –06° 42′ 28″ Ophiuchus 7380+1000−790[4] M2III/D White dwarf Ia
Eta Carinae 10h 45m 03.6s −59° 41′ 04″ Carina 8630+69−68[4] LBV/O Luminous blue variable Ib [33][34]
WR 93b 17h 32m 03.3s −35° 04′ 32″ Scorpius 8700+1900−1300[4] WO3 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic
WR 102 17h 45m 47.5s −26° 10′ 27″ Sagittarius 9410+840−710[4] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic
HD 179821 19h 13m 58.6s +00° 07′ 32″ Aquila 10500+2100−1500[4] G5Ia Yellow hypergiant IIL [35][36]
T Pyxidis 09h 04m 41.5s −32° 22′ 48″ Pyxis 10700+1700−1300[4] White dwarf Ia [37][38]
WR 104 18h 02m 04.1s –23° 37′ 41″ Sagittarius 13400+9200−3900[4] WC9d/OB Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic with Grb? [39][40]
V445 Puppis 07h 37m 56.9s –25° 56′ 59″ Puppis 16000+5200−4600[41] White dwarf Ia [42]
WR 30a 10h 51m 38.9s −60° 56′ 35.2″ Carina 38900+18500−9500[4] WO4/O5((f)) Wolf–Rayet star
Sher 25 11h 15m 07.8s −61° 15′ 17″ Carina 43500+5200−4200[4] B1.5Iab Blue supergiant [43]
U Scorpii 16h 22m 30.7s –17° 52′ 42″ Scorpius 63900+68500−17300[44] White dwarf Ia [45]
LMC195-1 05h 18m 10.3s −69° 13′ 03″ Dorado 160000[4] WO2 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic
S Doradus 05h 18m 14.4s −69° 15′ 01″ Dorado 169000 LBV Luminous blue variable [46]
SMC AB8 01h 31m 04.1s −73° 25′ 04″ Hydrus 200000[4] WO4/O4 Wolf–Rayet star Ib/Ic

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