Lozi language (original) (raw)

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Bantu language spoken in southern Africa

Lozi
Rozi
Silozi
Native to Angola • Botswana • Namibia • South Africa • Zambia • Zimbabwe
Region Western Zambia • Zambezi Region
Native speakers (725,000 cited 1982–2010 censuses)[1]
Language family Niger–Congo? Atlantic–CongoVolta-CongoBenue–CongoBantoidSouthern BantoidBantuSouthern BantuSotho–TswanaLozi
Writing system Latin (Lozi alphabet)Zambian BrailleDitema tsa Dinoko
Official status
Recognised minoritylanguage in Namibia Zambia
Language codes
ISO 639-2 loz
ISO 639-3 loz
Glottolog lozi1239
Guthrie code K.20 (K.21)[2]
Linguasphere 99-AUT-ef
Lozi
Person Mulozi
People Balozi
Language Silozi
Country Bulozi

A Lozi speaker, recorded in Namibia.

Lozi, also known as Silozi and Rozi, is a Bantu language of the Niger–Congo language family within the Sotho–Tswana branch of Zone S (S.30), that is spoken by the Lozi people, primarily in southwestern Zambia and in surrounding countries. The language is most closely related to Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Tswana (Setswana), Kgalagari (SheKgalagari) and Sotho (Sesotho/Southern Sotho). Lozi, sometimes written as Rotse, and its dialects are spoken and understood by approximately six per cent of the population of Zambia. Silozi is the endonym (the name of the language used by its native speakers) as defined by the United Nations. Lozi is the exonym.

The origins of Silozi can be traced back to a mixture of languages, primarily Luyana and Kololo. The Luyana people migrated south from the Kingdom of Luba and Kingdom of Lunda in the Katanga area of the Congo River basin, either late in the 17th century or early in the 18th century. They settled on the floodplains of the upper Zambezi River in what is now western Zambia, where they established a kingdom called Barotseland or Bulozi.

In the 1830s, the Kololo people, originally from the Free State province of South Africa, fled northwards to escape the Mfecane under King Shaka Zulu (died 1828). They employed tactics learned from the Zulu armies to conquer the Luyana on the Zambezi floodplains, imposing their rule and language. However, by 1864, the indigenous population revolted and overthrew the Kololo. By then, the original Luyana language had largely been replaced by a new hybrid language, Silozi.

Today, Silozi is spoken in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, reflecting its historical development and cultural significance in the region.[3]

Lozi has 5 vowels:

Vowels

| | Front | Central | Back | | | --------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | High | i | | u | | Mid | e | | o | | Low | | a | |

20 consonants are in Lozi:

Consonants

| | Labial | Alveolar | Palatal/Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | | | | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | | | | Plosive | voiceless | p | t | c | k | | | voiced | b | d | ɟ | ɡ | | | | Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | | h | | voiced | | z | | | | | | Approximant | | l | j | w | | |

Tone is marked as high or low.[4]

Lozi uses the Latin script,[5][6] which was introduced by missionaries. In 1977, Zambia standardised the language's orthography.[7]

Letters (upper case) A B C CH D E F G H I J K L M N Ñ O P S SH T U W Y Z
Letters (lower case) a b c ch d e f g h i j k l m n ñ o p s sh t u w y z
IPA [a] [b] [tʃ] [d] [e], [ɛ], [ɪ] [f] [x] [h] [i] [dʒ] [k] [l] [m] [n] [ɲ] [o], [ʊ], [ɔ] [p] [s] [ʃ] [t] [u] [w] [j] [z]

Months of the year in Silozi

Silozi English
Sope January
Yowa February
Liatamanyi March
Lungu April
Kandao May
Mbuwana June
Sikulu July
Muyana August
Muimunene September
Yenda October
Njimwana November
Ñulule December

Counting numbers in Silozi[8]

1 kalikamu

2 totubeli

3 totulalu

4 totune

5 ketalizoho

6 silezi

7 supile

8 ketalizoho ni totulalu

9 ketalizoho ni totune

10 lishumi

20 mashumi a mabeli

30 mashumi a malalu

40 mashumi a mane

50 mashumi a ketalizoho

60 mashumi a silezi

70 mashumi a supile

80 mashumi a supile ni kalikamu

90 mashumi a supile ni totubeli

100 muanda

The following is a sample text in Silozi.

Silozi: Kakuli Mulimu U latile hahulu batu ba lifasi, mane U ba file Mwan'a Hae wa libanda kuli mutu ufi ni ufi ya lumela ku Yena a si ke a shwa, kono a be ni bupilo bo bu sa feli. Joani 3:16[9]

English: For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. John 3:16[10]

  1. ^ Lozi at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^ "An Introduction To Zambia's Lozi People". the Culture Trip -Africa. 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  4. ^ Fortune, George (2001). An Outline of Silozi Grammar. Bookworld Publishers.
  5. ^ "Lozi language and alphabet". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  6. ^ "Zambia - PanAfriL10n". 2013-09-29. Archived from the original on 2013-09-29. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  7. ^ "Lozi - PanAfriL10n". 2013-11-10. Archived from the original on 2013-11-10. Retrieved 2019-08-26.
  8. ^ "Numbers in Lozi". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2024-08-03.
  9. ^ Joani 3:16 | Bibele ye Kenile (Catholic Edition) (LOZI09) | (in multiple languages).
  10. ^ "Bible Gateway passage: John 3:16 - New King James Version". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 2024-08-03.

Lozi language stories

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