NGC 4214 (original) (raw)

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Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4214
NGC 4214 in Optical and near-infrared, imaged by Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Canes Venatici
Right ascension 12h 15m 39.17s[1]
Declination +36° 19′ 36.8″[1]
Redshift 0.000971[1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 291 ± 1 km/s[1]
Distance 9.72 ± 0.82 Mly (2.979 ± 0.252 Mpc)[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 10.2[1]
Characteristics
Type IAB(s)m[1]
Size ~31,100 ly (9.53 kpc) (estimated)[1]
Apparent size (V) 8.4′ × 6.6′[1]
Other designations
KUG 1213+366, IRAS 12131+3636, NGC 4228, UGC 7278, MCG 6-27-42, PGC 39225, CGCG 187-32[1]

NGC 4214 is a dwarf barred irregular galaxy located around 10 million light-years[2] away in the constellation Canes Venatici. It was discovered on 28 April 1785 by German-British astronomer William Herschel.[3] NGC 4214 is a member of the M94 Group.

Amateur image of NGC 4214.

NGC 4214 is both larger and brighter than the Small Magellanic Cloud[4] as well as a starburst galaxy, with the largest star-forming regions (NGC 4214-I and NGC 4214-II) in the galaxy's center. Of the two, NGC 4214-I contains a super star cluster rich in Wolf-Rayet stars and NGC 4214-II is younger (age less than 3 million years), including a number of star clusters and stellar associations.[5]

NGC 4214 also has two older super star clusters, both with an age of 200 million years and respective masses of 2.6*10.5 and 1.5*106 solar masses.[6]

Two satellites are known to exist around the vicinity of NGC 4214. One is DDO 113, which has an absolute V-band magnitude of −12.2. It stopped star formation around 1 billion years ago. Another, more recently discovered object is MADCASH-2, officially named MADCASH J121007+352635-dw. The name refers to the MADCASH (Magellanic Analog Dwarf Companions and Stellar Halos) project. It is similar to typical ultra-faint dwarf galaxies, with an absolute V-band magnitude of −9.15, except in that it shows evidence of multiple episodes of star formation in its recent past: one around 400 million years ago, and another 1.5 billion years ago.[7]

One supernova has been observed in NGC 4214: SN 1954A (type Ib, mag. 9.8) was discovered by Paul Wild on 30 May 1954.[8] [Note: some sources incorrectly list the discovery date as 10 April 1954.][9] In addition, the galaxy has hosted one luminous blue variable: SN 2010U (type LBV, mag. 16) was discovered by Kōichi Itagaki on 5 February 2010.[10][11]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 4214. Retrieved 2007-03-30.
  2. ^ "Galaxy NGC 4214: A star formation laboratory". ESA/Hubble Photo Release. ESA/Hubble. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  3. ^ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue Objects: NGC 4214". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 31 August 2024.
  4. ^ Karachentsev, Igor D.; Karachentseva, Valentina E.; Huchtmeier, Walter K.; Makarov, Dmitry I. (2003). "A Catalog of Neighboring Galaxies". The Astronomical Journal. 127 (4): 2031–2068. Bibcode:2004AJ....127.2031K. doi:10.1086/382905.
  5. ^ Ubeda, L.; Maíz-Apellániz, J.; MacKenty, J. W. (2004). H.J.G.L.M. Lamers; L.J. Smith; A. Nota (eds.). "Massive Young Star Clusters in NGC 4214". The Formation and Evolution of Massive Young Star Clusters, ASP Conference Series. 322: 221. Bibcode:2004ASPC..322..221U.
  6. ^ Larsen, Søren S.; Brodie, Jean P.; Hunter, Deidre A. (2004). "Dynamical Mass Estimates for Five Young Massive Stellar Clusters". The Astronomical Journal. 128 (5): 2295–2305. arXiv:astro-ph/0407373. Bibcode:2004AJ....128.2295L. doi:10.1086/424538. S2CID 36220968.
  7. ^ Carlin, Jeffrey L.; Mutlu-Pakdil, Burçin; Crnojević, Denija; Garling, Christopher T.; Karunakaran, Ananthan; Peter, Annika H. G.; Tollerud, Erik; Forbes, Duncan A.; Hargis, Jonathan R.; Lim, Sungsoon; Romanowsky, Aaron J.; Sand, David J.; Spekkens, Kristine; Strader, Jay (2021). "Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Two Faint Dwarf Satellites of Nearby LMC Analogs from MADCASH". The Astrophysical Journal. 909 (2): 211. arXiv:2012.09174. Bibcode:2021ApJ...909..211C. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abe040. S2CID 229297953.
  8. ^ Hansen, Julie M. Vinter (4 June 1954). "Circular No. 1453". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  9. ^ "SN 1954A". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  10. ^ "SN 2010U". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 27 November 2024.
  11. ^ Marion, G. H.; Vinko, J.; Wheeler, J. C.; Shetrone, M. (2010). "Supernova 2010U in NGC 4214". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 2163: 1. Bibcode:2010CBET.2163....1M.