SS Monterey (original) (raw)

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1931 ocean liner

This article is about the 1931 ocean liner. For the 1897 steamer, see SS Monterey (1897). For other ships with similar names, see USS Monterey.
History
United States
Name Monterey
Operator Matson Lines Chandris Lines
Builder Fore River Shipyard, Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation
Launched 10 October 1931[1]
Completed April 1932[2]
Maiden voyage 3 June 1932
In service 3 June 1932 – 21 October 2000
Renamed Feb. 1956: Matsonia[2] 30 Nov. 1963: Lurline[2] 30 June 1970: Britanis[2] 1998: Belofin-1
Identification IMO number: 5229223 Official Number 231480[2]
Fate Sank, 21 October 2000
General characteristics
Type Ocean liner
Tonnage 18,017 GRT
Length 632 ft (193 m)
Beam 79 ft (24 m)
Decks 5 (1931–1970) [3] 7 (1971–2000) [4]
Propulsion 2 × Bethlehem geared steam turbines, 28,450 shp (21,215.16 kW)
Speed 22.84 knots (42.30 km/h; 26.28 mph)
Capacity 701 passengers (472 first class, 229 cabin class)
Crew 360

SS Monterey was a luxury ocean liner launched on 10 October 1931. The ship was completed April 1932 and is shown in registers as a 1932 ship.[2][5][note 1] Monterey was the third of the four ships of the Matson Lines "White Fleet", which were designed by William Francis Gibbs and also included SS Malolo, SS Mariposa and SS Lurline. Monterey was identical to Mariposa and very similar to Lurline. During World War II Monterey was used as a troopship operated by Matson as agents of the War Shipping Administration (WSA).[2] Monterey was a large, fast transport capable of sailing independently and was allocated to serving Army troop transport requirements.[6] The ship was involved in an attack on a convoy near Cape Bougaroun.

Career with Matson Lines

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Monterey was built to promote travel to Hawaii and for Pacific Ocean liner service including regular stops in ports along the West Coast of the United States, Samoa, Fiji, New Zealand and Australia. On 12 May 1932 she took 83 passengers from New York City to the West Coast on a positioning cruise. Her maiden voyage officially began 3 June 1932 in San Francisco, California after which she made stops in Los Angeles, Honolulu, Auckland, Pago Pago, Suva, Sydney and Melbourne. She scored a public relations triumph when she carried much-appreciated supplies to the Bear of Oakland on Byrd's second expedition to the South Pole.

In World War II Monterey served as a fast troop carrier, often operating alone so she would not be slowed by formation navigation in a convoy. The United States Maritime Commission chartered her in 1941 before the US declaration of war to carry 150 Chinese, Korean and Japanese missionaries and stranded US citizens back to San Francisco. Once home, she was quickly refitted to hold 3,500 soldiers. The ship was delivered to WSA by Oceanic Steamship Company, a Matson entity, 3 December 1941 at San Francisco.[2] On 16 December 1941 she steamed to Hawaii with 3,349 fresh troops, returning with 800 casualties of the attack on Pearl Harbor.

Post-war name changes

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On 26 September 1946 the Monterey arrived at Bethlehem-Alameda Shipyard in Alameda, California for refitting and return to passenger service with Matson. Money ran out on the project after 30% of the work had been completed. For five years she sat idle in Alameda, then was purchased by the US Government in August 1952. She was towed to the mothball fleet in nearby Suisun Bay.

SS Monterey – Dinner menu cover for 6th October 1959.

SS Monterey – Dinner menu for 6th October 1959.

SS Monterey dinner menu wine list for 6th October 1959.

SS Monterey – Dinner menu wine list for 6th October 1959.

Monterey to Matsonia

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Meanwhile, Matson was enjoying fair post-war success with Lurline and was looking to expand their passenger operation once more. Matson had a C4 "Mariner" class vessel undergoing conversion to a cruise ship for the Oceania and Australasia region; this ship was originally named Free State Mariner but Matson had renamed her Monterey.[15] Matson bought the old mothballed SS Monterey back from the US Government on 3 February 1956 and had to come up with a new name for her: she was rechristened SS Matsonia, replacing their earlier Matsonia which had been sold to Home Lines in 1954 and subsequently renamed. The new Matsonia (ex-Monterey) first sailed from New York to San Francisco on 22 May 1957 to team up with her sister Lurline on the San Francisco – Los Angeles – Honolulu run.

Matsonia to Lurline

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Within five years, profits from passenger service had fallen to the point where Matson decided to anchor Matsonia indefinitely in San Francisco Bay. Sister ship Lurline continued to operate but suffered a major turbine problem in February 1963; one that would require costly repairs. Instead of repairing Lurline, Matson sold the well-loved ship to Chandris Lines to be rechristened Ellinis. Stung by poor public opinion regarding the maneuver, Matson rechristened the former Matsonia (ex-Monterey) as the new Lurline on 6 December 1963 and returned her to service.

Lurline to Britanis

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By 1970, passenger receipts were down so low that Matson chose to cease passenger liner service altogether. On 25 June 1970, Lurline arrived in San Francisco to be sold to Chandris Lines. Five days later she steamed under new ownership out of the Golden Gate toward Piraeus with the new name Britanis with radio callsign SZWE (later HPEN).

Service with Chandris Lines

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At Piraeus, Britanis was greatly modified to hold 1,655 passengers, mainly by subdividing existing cabins and converting cargo holds to new cabin areas. She re-entered service on 21 February 1971 under the Chandris 'Fantasy Cruises' division, leaving Southampton bound for Sydney and back; a regular round-trip she would make for three years. In 1974 she saw service as a cruise ship in the Caribbean during winter and Europe during the summer. In May 1982 Britanis cruised between New York and Bermuda with a smaller capacity of 1,200 passengers.

In winter 1983–1984, Britanis sailed from Miami to the Caribbean, then sailed from New York in the summer. A major overhaul in 1986 included parts from her sister Ellinis (ex-Lurline), some of which went to Ellinis from Homeric (ex-Mariposa) when Homeric was scrapped in 1974. At this point, parts from three sister ships were now bound together in Britanis. The refit gave Britanis eight years of Caribbean cruising until 19 November 1994.

US Government charter

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Britanis was chartered by the US Government in 1994 as a floating barracks for military personnel at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. She suffered minor damage from an electrical fire, was repaired at US Government expense, then laid up at Tampa, Florida in late 1996.

Chandris opted to sell Britanis as part of a plan to cease cruise line operations for Fantasy Cruises and further invest in their newer Celebrity Cruises brand. The ship was maintained in anchorage until 24 January 1998 when she was sold to AG Belofin Investments of Liechtenstein and renamed Belofin-1. On June 9, 1999, the SF Chronicle reported that the ship may be turned into a hotel at the San Francisco Bay.

Her new owners intended to recoup their investment by selling the ship to scrappers, but a downturn in steel prices held them up for more than a year. On 3 July 2000, Belofin-1 was towed by the Ukrainian tug Iribis out of Tampa Bay with the former CN Marine ferry MV Bluenose lashed to her port side. The ships were bound for ship breakers in India, but Bluenose ended up going to Mexico. Belofin-1 apparently began taking on water and listing during the voyage but nobody was on board to correct the list. The tugboat crew cut her free and Belofin-1 capsized and sank due to progressive flooding, some 50 nmi (93 km) south of Cape Town, South Africa on 21 October 2000.

In the Earle Stanley Gardner novel The Case of the Stuttering Bishop (1936), the titular character is revealed to have traveled from Australia to San Francisco aboard the Monterey. The ship's name was retained for the motion picture adaptation the year following the novel's publication.

The song "Bridal Train", released in 2004, is about the war brides who travelled on the Monterey in 1946, and refers to the ship by name in the opening lines.

  1. ^ The Matson liner, operating as a troopship, is sometimes erroneously seen as USAT Matsonia. A much smaller ship, official number 232021, 5,236 GRT, ex Puerto Rico, ex Hati built by Newport News Shipbuilding, Newport News, Virginia, is also seen in most registers with a 1932 date. This smaller ship was also acquired by WSA on 26 September 1942, allocated to the U.S. Army under bareboat charter and did operate as USAT Monterey. It was this ship that was considered and rejected by Navy as Alameda (AP-68).
  1. ^ "T/S Monterey". Retrieved 2016-02-13.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Maritime Administration.
  3. ^ Goossens, Reuben (January 9, 2007). "SS Monterey & Mariposa Cabin Plan". ssmaritime.com. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  4. ^ Goossens, Reuben (March 4, 2014). "Maiden Voyage Brochure, Deck Plan & APC's Bankruptcy". ssmaritime.com. Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved May 4, 2024.
  5. ^ Lloyds 1941–1942.
  6. ^ Wardlow 1999.
  7. ^ Leighton & Coakley 1995, pp. 146–147.
  8. ^ "Monterey". www.armed-guard.com.
  9. ^ Buckner, Maj. David N. (1981). Marine Corps Historical Division (ed.). A Brief History of the 10th Marines (PDF). Washington D.C.: United States Marine Corps. 19000308400.
  10. ^ Ocean Liner Museum. S/S Monterey
  11. ^ "CHAPTER 19 — Turn of the Tide in the Pacific | NZETC". nzetc.victoria.ac.nz.
  12. ^ original WAC personal correspondence
  13. ^ Quigley, Harry E. Troopship Monterey. ISBN 978-1591130222.
  14. ^ The Sun, Sydney, Australia, February 16, 1946
  15. ^ "C4-S-1a Mariner / APA-248 Paul Revere / AKA-112 Tulare". www.globalsecurity.org.