Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005 (original) (raw)

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21st-century annular solar eclipse

Solar eclipse of October 3, 2005

Annular eclipse
Annular from Madrid, Spain
Map
Gamma 0.3306
Magnitude 0.9576
Maximum eclipse
Duration 272 s (4 min 32 s)
Coordinates 12°54′N 28°42′E / 12.9°N 28.7°E / 12.9; 28.7
Max. width of band 162 km (101 mi)
Times (UTC)
(P1) Partial begin 3:53:56
(U1) Total begin 18:40:59
Greatest eclipse 10:32:47
(U4) Total end 1:22:35
(P4) Partial end 24:27:52
References
Saros 134 (43 of 71)
Catalog # (SE5000) 9520
← April 8, 2005March 29, 2006 →

An annular solar eclipse occurred at the Moon's descending node of orbit on Monday, October 3, 2005,[1][2][3] with a magnitude of 0.958. A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. An annular solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is smaller than the Sun's, blocking most of the Sun's light and causing the Sun to look like an annulus (ring). An annular eclipse appears as a partial eclipse over a region of the Earth thousands of kilometres wide. Occurring about 4.75 days after apogee (on September 28, 2005, at 16:20 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[4]

Annularity was visible from a narrow corridor through Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya, Chad, Sudan, Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. A partial eclipse was seen from the much broader path of the Moon's penumbra, including most of Europe, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Another solar eclipse in Africa occurred just 6 months later.

Animated path

The path of the eclipse began in the North Atlantic ocean at 08:41 universal time (UT). The antumbra reached Madrid, Spain at 08:56 UT, lasting four minutes and eleven seconds and 90% of the Sun was covered by the Moon. The antumbra reached Algiers at 09:05 UT, then passed through Tunisia and Libya before heading southeast through Sudan, Kenya and Somalia. The shadow then moved out over the Indian Ocean until it terminated at sunset, 12:22 UT.[5]

The maximum eclipse duration occurred in central Sudan at 10:31:42 UT, where it lasted for 4m 31s when the Sun was 71° above the horizon.[5]

The motion of the shadow was supersonic and it generated gravity waves that were detectable as disturbances in the ionosphere. These gravity waves originate in the thermosphere at an altitude of about 180 km. Because of the obscuration of solar radiation, the ionization level dropped by 70% during the eclipse.[6][7] The eclipse caused a 1–1.4 K drop in the temperature of the ionosphere.[8]

Places experiencing annular eclipse

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Solar Eclipse of October 3, 2005(Local Times)

Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Start of annular eclipse Maximum eclipse End of annular eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of annularity (min:s) Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum coverage
Portugal Viana do Castelo 08:38:04 09:51:57 09:53:09 09:54:22 11:15:57 2:25 2:38 90.17%
Spain Vigo 09:38:12 10:51:12 10:53:13 10:55:14 12:15:51 4:02 2:38 90.16%
Portugal Braga 08:38:12 09:52:17 09:53:30 09:54:42 11:16:32 2:25 2:38 90.19%
Portugal Guimarães 08:38:14 09:52:37 09:53:37 09:54:36 11:16:46 1:59 2:39 90.20%
Spain Ourense 09:38:33 10:51:54 10:53:55 10:55:56 12:16:53 4:02 2:38 90.19%
Spain Ponferrada 09:39:06 10:54:13 10:54:59 10:55:42 12🔞22 1:29 2:39 90.23%
Portugal Miranda do Douro 08:39:03 09:53:17 09:55:21 09:57:26 11:19:23 4:09 2:40 90.27%
Spain Zamora 09:39:17 10:53:47 10:55:49 10:57:52 12:20:04 4:05 2:41 90.29%
Spain Salamanca 09:39:16 10:54:01 10:55:59 10:57:56 12:20:31 3:55 2:41 90.30%
Spain Valladolid 09:39:47 10:55:23 10:56:43 10:58:04 12:21:20 2:41 2:42 90.32%
Spain Ávila 09:39:41 10:54:56 10:56:57 10:58:57 12:22:03 4:01 2:42 90.35%
Spain Segovia 09:39:59 10:55:25 10:57:26 10:59:25 12:22:38 4:00 2:43 90.36%
Spain Toledo 09:40:00 10:56:33 10:57:47 10:58:59 12:23:32 2:26 2:44 90.39%
Spain Madrid 09:40:10 10:55:51 10:57:57 11:00:01 12:23:35 4:10 2:43 90.39%
Spain Guadalajara 09:40:27 10:56:29 10:58:25 11:00:21 12:24:11 3:52 2:44 90.40%
Spain Cuenca 09:40:59 10:57:34 10:59:36 11:01:37 12:26:04 4:03 2:45 90.45%
Spain Albacete 09:41:11 10:58:48 11:00:16 11:01:43 12:27:22 2:55 2:46 90.49%
Spain Valencia 09:42:01 10:59:48 11:01:38 11:03:28 12:29:08 3:40 2:47 90.53%
Spain Alicante 09:42:03 11:00:33 11:02:01 11:03:27 12:30:02 2:54 2:48 90.56%
Spain Villajoyosa 09:42:11 11:00:18 11:02:12 11:04:07 12:30:16 3:49 2:48 90.57%
Spain Benidorm 09:42:14 11:00:19 11:02:18 11:04:17 12:30:23 3:58 2:48 90.57%
Spain Sant Antoni de Portmany 09:43:07 11:02:33 11:03:41 11:04:48 12:32:05 2:15 2:49 90.60%
Spain Ibiza 09:43:12 11:02:42 11:03:52 11:05:01 12:32:21 2:19 2:49 90.61%
Algeria Algiers 08:44:43 10:05:05 10:06:58 10:08:51 11:37:16 3:46 2:53 90.73%
Tunisia Gafsa 08:50:20 10:14:58 10:16:22 10:17:46 11:49:59 2:48 3:00 90.99%
Tunisia Medenine 08:52:34 10🔞59 10:19:55 10:20:50 11:54:38 1:51 3:02 91.07%
South Sudan Malakal 12:01:19 13:43:50 13:46:00 13:48:10 15:26:24 4:20 3:25 91.83%
Somalia Kismayo 12:48:38 14:29:36 14:30:48 14:32:00 16:01:26 2:24 3:13 91.44%
References: [1]

Places experiencing partial eclipse

[edit]

Solar Eclipse of October 3, 2005(Local Times)

Country or territory City or place Start of partial eclipse Maximum eclipse End of partial eclipse Duration of eclipse (hr:min) Maximum coverage
Portugal Lisbon 08:38:00 09:53:17 11:16:44 2:39 81.86%
Morocco Casablanca 07:40:46 08:56:39 10:21:16 2:41 67.03%
Ireland Dublin 08:47:24 09:57:25 11:12:24 2:25 57.88%
Gibraltar Gibraltar 09:40:11 10:57:48 12:23:55 2:44 78.42%
United Kingdom London 08:48:53 10:01:08 11🔞26 2:30 56.96%
Andorra Andorra la Vella 09:43:39 11:02:38 12:28:43 2:45 81.17%
France Paris 09:48:01 11:02:48 12:23:05 2:35 61.50%
Spain Barcelona 09:43:51 11:03:40 12:30:45 2:47 83.56%
Belgium Brussels 09:51:35 11:04:44 12:22:44 2:31 53.67%
Monaco Monaco 09:48:54 11:08:35 12:34:24 2:46 68.86%
Algeria Constantine 08:47:38 10:11:46 11:43:32 2:56 90.53%
Vatican City Vatican City 09:53:29 11:15:23 12:43:01 2:50 65.63%
Italy Rome 09:53:31 11:15:26 12:43:04 2:50 65.59%
Tunisia Tunis 08:50:51 10:16:08 11:48:24 2:58 83.44%
Malta Valletta 09:55:56 11:23:02 12:56:22 3:00 77.49%
Libya Tripoli 09:55:42 11:24:24 12:59:57 3:04 87.97%
Egypt Cairo 10:27:37 11:59:08 13:31:41 3:04 53.83%
Chad Faya-Largeau 09:22:44 11:00:48 12:42:41 3:20 79.66%
Chad Fada 09:27:30 11:07:13 12:49:39 3:22 84.80%
Sudan Khartoum 11:50:01 13:32:46 15:12:44 3:23 79.43%
South Sudan Juba 12:12:57 13:57:31 15:36:28 3:24 85.34%
Ethiopia Addis Ababa 12🔞07 14:01:53 15:37:43 3:20 78.06%
Uganda Kampala 12:27:09 14:10:26 15:46:36 3:19 77.17%
Rwanda Kigali 11:30:04 13:11:00 14:45:38 3:16 65.28%
Kenya Nairobi 12:39:07 14:22:08 15:55:48 3:17 83.19%
Somalia Mogadishu 12:49:48 14:30:55 16:00:00 3:10 81.33%
Tanzania Dar es Salaam 12:58:45 14:37:53 16:06:31 3:08 73.40%
Comoros Moroni 13🔞33 14:52:19 16:15:09 2:57 66.02%
Seychelles Victoria 14:26:29 15:58:42 17:17:46 2:51 86.13%
British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Garcia 16:58:43 18:16:22 19:04:50 (sunset) 2:06 85.49%
References: [1]

Shown below are two tables displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. The first table outlines times at which the Moon's penumbra or umbra attains the specific parameter, and the second table describes various other parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[9]

October 3, 2005 Solar Eclipse Times

Event Time (UTC)
First Penumbral External Contact 2005 October 3 at 07:36:39.6 UTC
First Umbral External Contact 2005 October 3 at 08:42:04.1 UTC
First Central Line 2005 October 3 at 08:44:06.1 UTC
First Umbral Internal Contact 2005 October 3 at 08:46:08.3 UTC
First Penumbral Internal Contact 2005 October 3 at 10:00:20.1 UTC
Equatorial Conjunction 2005 October 3 at 10:11:46.9 UTC
Ecliptic Conjunction 2005 October 3 at 10:28:57.3 UTC
Greatest Eclipse 2005 October 3 at 10:32:47.3 UTC
Greatest Duration 2005 October 3 at 10:38:04.7 UTC
Last Penumbral Internal Contact 2005 October 3 at 11:05:45.4 UTC
Last Umbral Internal Contact 2005 October 3 at 12:19:41.4 UTC
Last Central Line 2005 October 3 at 12:21:40.9 UTC
Last Umbral External Contact 2005 October 3 at 12:23:40.2 UTC
Last Penumbral External Contact 2005 October 3 at 13:28:57.9 UTC

October 3, 2005 Solar Eclipse Parameters

Parameter Value
Eclipse Magnitude 0.95759
Eclipse Obscuration 0.91698
Gamma 0.33058
Sun Right Ascension 12h37m55.0s
Sun Declination -04°05'04.2"
Sun Semi-Diameter 15'59.1"
Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 08.8"
Moon Right Ascension 12h38m30.3s
Moon Declination -03°49'04.7"
Moon Semi-Diameter 15'05.2"
Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax 0°55'22.1"
ΔT 64.8 s

This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight.

Eclipse season of October 2005

October 3Descending node (new moon) October 17Ascending node (full moon)
Annular solar eclipseSolar Saros 134 Partial lunar eclipseLunar Saros 146

Solar eclipses of 2004–2007

[edit]

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[10]

Solar eclipse series sets from 2004 to 2007
Ascending node Descending node
Saros Map Gamma Saros Map Gamma
119 April 19, 2004Partial −1.13345 124 October 14, 2004Partial 1.03481
129Partial in Naiguatá, Venezuela April 8, 2005Hybrid −0.34733 134Annularity in Madrid, Spain October 3, 2005Annular 0.33058
139Totality in Side, Turkey March 29, 2006Total 0.38433 144Partial in São Paulo, Brazil September 22, 2006Annular −0.40624
149Partial in Jaipur, India March 19, 2007Partial 1.07277 154Partial in Córdoba, Argentina September 11, 2007Partial −1.12552

This eclipse is a part of Saros series 134, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a partial solar eclipse on June 22, 1248. It contains total eclipses from October 9, 1428 through December 24, 1554; hybrid eclipses from January 3, 1573 through June 27, 1843; and annular eclipses from July 8, 1861 through May 21, 2384. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on August 6, 2510. Its eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.

The longest duration of totality was produced by member 11 at 1 minutes, 30 seconds on October 9, 1428, and the longest duration of annularity will be produced by member 52 at 10 minutes, 55 seconds on January 10, 2168. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[11]

Series members 32–53 occur between 1801 and 2200:
32 33 34
June 6, 1807 June 16, 1825 June 27, 1843
35 36 37
July 8, 1861 July 19, 1879 July 29, 1897
38 39 40
August 10, 1915 August 21, 1933 September 1, 1951
41 42 43
September 11, 1969 September 23, 1987 October 3, 2005
44 45 46
October 14, 2023 October 25, 2041 November 5, 2059
47 48 49
November 15, 2077 November 27, 2095 December 8, 2113
50 51 52
December 19, 2131 December 30, 2149 January 10, 2168
53
January 20, 2186

The metonic series repeats eclipses every 19 years (6939.69 days), lasting about 5 cycles. Eclipses occur in nearly the same calendar date. In addition, the octon subseries repeats 1/5 of that or every 3.8 years (1387.94 days). All eclipses in this table occur at the Moon's descending node.

21 eclipse events between July 22, 1971 and July 22, 2047
July 22 May 9–11 February 26–27 December 14–15 October 2–3
116 118 120 122 124
July 22, 1971 May 11, 1975 February 26, 1979 December 15, 1982 October 3, 1986
126 128 130 132 134
July 22, 1990 May 10, 1994 February 26, 1998 December 14, 2001 October 3, 2005
136 138 140 142 144
July 22, 2009 May 10, 2013 February 26, 2017 December 14, 2020 October 2, 2024
146 148 150 152 154
July 22, 2028 May 9, 2032 February 27, 2036 December 15, 2039 October 3, 2043
156
July 22, 2047

This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
April 14, 1809(Saros 116) March 14, 1820(Saros 117) February 12, 1831(Saros 118) January 11, 1842(Saros 119) December 11, 1852(Saros 120)
November 11, 1863(Saros 121) October 10, 1874(Saros 122) September 8, 1885(Saros 123) August 9, 1896(Saros 124) July 10, 1907(Saros 125)
June 8, 1918(Saros 126) May 9, 1929(Saros 127) April 7, 1940(Saros 128) March 7, 1951(Saros 129) February 5, 1962(Saros 130)
January 4, 1973(Saros 131) December 4, 1983(Saros 132) November 3, 1994(Saros 133) October 3, 2005(Saros 134) September 1, 2016(Saros 135)
August 2, 2027(Saros 136) July 2, 2038(Saros 137) May 31, 2049(Saros 138) April 30, 2060(Saros 139) March 31, 2071(Saros 140)
February 27, 2082(Saros 141) January 27, 2093(Saros 142) December 29, 2103(Saros 143) November 27, 2114(Saros 144) October 26, 2125(Saros 145)
September 26, 2136(Saros 146) August 26, 2147(Saros 147) July 25, 2158(Saros 148) June 25, 2169(Saros 149) May 24, 2180(Saros 150)
April 23, 2191(Saros 151)

This eclipse is a part of the long period inex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358 synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.

Series members between 1801 and 2200
February 21, 1803(Saros 127) February 1, 1832(Saros 128) January 11, 1861(Saros 129)
December 22, 1889(Saros 130) December 3, 1918(Saros 131) November 12, 1947(Saros 132)
October 23, 1976(Saros 133) October 3, 2005(Saros 134) September 12, 2034(Saros 135)
August 24, 2063(Saros 136) August 3, 2092(Saros 137) July 14, 2121(Saros 138)
June 25, 2150(Saros 139) June 5, 2179(Saros 140)
  1. ^ a b c "October 3, 2005 Annular Solar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  2. ^ "From Portugal to Burundi: Thousands gather to catch glimpse of annular eclipse". The Vincennes Sun-Commercial. 2005-10-04. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. ^ "Rare solar eclipse gives Spain, parts of Africa a dazzling view". Arizona Daily Star. 2005-10-04. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-10-25 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  5. ^ a b Espenak, Fred. "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2005 October 03". NASA/GSFC. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  6. ^ Jakowski, N.; et al. (April 2008). "Ionospheric behavior over Europe during the solar eclipse of 3 October 2005". Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 70 (6): 836–853. Bibcode:2008JASTP..70..836J. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.02.016.
  7. ^ Šauli, P.; et al. (December 2007). "Acoustic–gravity waves during solar eclipses: Detection and characterization using wavelet transforms" (PDF). Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics. 69 (17–18): 2465–2484. Bibcode:2007JASTP..69.2465S. doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.06.012. S2CID 54722046.
  8. ^ Burmaka, V. P.; et al. (2007). "Tropospheric-ionospheric effects of the 3 October 2005 partial solar eclipse in Kharkiv". Kosmichna Nauka I Tekhnologiya. 13 (6): 74–86. Bibcode:2007KosNT..13f..74B. doi:10.15407/knit2007.06.074.
  9. ^ "Annular Solar Eclipse of 2005 Oct 03". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 11 August 2024.
  10. ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
  11. ^ "NASA - Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 134". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.

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