Squamanita (original) (raw)

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Genus of fungi

Squamanita
Squamanita umbonata
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Squamanitaceae
Genus: _Squamanita_Imbach (1946)[1]
Type species
_Squamanita schreieri_Imbach (1946)
Species
Squamanita cameroonensis Squamanita citricolor Squamanita guyanensis Squamanita imbachii Squamanita magnisquarrulosa Squamanita mira Squamanita orientalis Squamanita schreieri Squamanita sororcula Squamanita squarrulosa Squamanita sumstinei Squamanita umbonata Squamanita volvatiparva
Synonyms
Squamamanita Imbach (1942) nom. invalid.

Squamanita is a genus of parasitic fungi in the family Squamanitaceae. Basidiocarps (fruit bodies) superficially resemble normal agarics (gilled mushrooms) but emerge from parasitized fruit bodies of deformed host agarics.

The genus was created in 1946 by Swiss mycologist Emil Imbach to accommodate an unusual agaric species, Squamanita schreieri, which L. Schreier had earlier described and illustrated as "Tricholoma X".[1][2] In 1965 Dutch mycologist Cornelis Bas expanded the genus to five species, all of which were characterized by arising from "sclerotial bodies".[3] The possibility that Squamanita might be parasitic on other agarics (the remains of which formed the "sclerotial bodies") was noted by British mycologist Derek Reid in 1983.[4] The discovery of a host fruit body that formed its own pileus together with three Squamanita pilei confirmed the parasitic nature of the genus,[5] a discovery subsequently featured in Nature under the title 'Mycological mystery tour'.[6]

Molecular research, based on cladistic analysis of DNA sequences, has confirmed the parasitism of Squamanita, but has also shown that species belong to two genera: Squamanita sensu stricto and Dissoderma. A number of species previously referred to Squamanita have accordingly been transferred to Dissoderma.[7]

  1. ^ a b Imbach EJ (1946). "Pilzflora des Kantons Luzern und der angrenzen Innerschweiz". Mitteilungen der naturforschenden Gesellschaft Luzern (in German). 15: 5–85 (see p. 81).
  2. ^ Henrici A (2013). "Squamanita in Britain and Europe". Field Mycology. 14 (2): 56–63. doi:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2013.03.008.
  3. ^ Bas C. (1965). "The genus Squamanita". Persoonia. 3: 331–359.
  4. ^ Reid DA (1983). "A second British collection of Squamanita paradoxa". Bull. Br. Mycol. Soc. 17 (2): 111–113. doi:10.1016/S0007-1528(83)80038-8.
  5. ^ Redhead SA, Ammirati JF, Walker GR, Norvell LL, Puccio MB (1994). "Squamanita contortipes, the Rosetta Stone of a mycoparasitic agaric genus". Canadian Journal of Botany. 72 (12): 1812–1824. doi:10.1139/b94-223.
  6. ^ Gee H. (1995). "Mycological mystery tour". Nature. 375 (6529): 276. Bibcode:1995Natur.375..276G. doi:10.1038/375276a0. S2CID 32174575.
  7. ^ Saar I, Thorn RG, Nagasawa E, Henkel TW, Cooper JA (2022). "A phylogenetic overview of Squamanita, with descriptions of nine new species and four new combinations". Mycologia. 114 (4): 769–797. doi:10.1080/00275514.2022.2059639. PMID 35695889. S2CID 249623155.