Encyclopedia of Life (original) (raw)
s
sabkha
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000151
An alkaline flat, in the context of a marine environment.
sac spawner
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sacSpawner
Sac spawners lay their eggs into an ovigerous sac. Sac spawners spawn few but relatively large eggs that develop slowly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spawn\_(biology)#Crustaceans
sakmarian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Sakmarian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
saline evaporation pond
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000055
A shallow man-made pond designed to produce salt from sea water. The seawater is fed into large ponds and water is drawn out through natural evaporation which allows the salt to be subsequently harvested.
saline lake
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000019
A lake whose water contains a considerable concentration of dissolved salts.
saline marsh
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000054
A marsh whose water contains a considerable quantity of dissolved salts.
saline pan
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000279
A flat expanse of ground covered with salt and other minerals, usually shining white under the sun. A salt pan is formed where water pools. A saline pan would be a lake or a pond if it were located in a climate where the rate of water evaporation were not faster than the rate of water precipitation, i.e., if it were not in a desert. If the water is unable to drain into the ground, it remains on the surface until it evaporates, leaving behind whatever minerals were dissolved. Over thousands of years, the minerals (usually salts) accumulate on the surface.
saline water
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002010
saline water
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002227
A habitat that is in or on a body of water containing medium to high concentrations of dissolved salts and other total dissolved solids (>=0.5 grams dissolved salts per litre)
saline water environment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000307
An environmental system which has its properties and dynamics determined by saline water
saline wetland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000240
A wetland ecosystem in which soil is saturated with saline water.
salt marsh
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000022
The marine salt marsh biome comprises marshes that are transitional intertidals between land and salty or brackish marine water (e.g.: sloughs, bays, estuaries). It is dominated by halophytic (salt tolerant) herbaceous plants. The daily tidal surges bring in nutrients, which tend to settle in roots of the plants within the salt marsh. The natural chemical activity of salty (or brackish) water and the tendency of algae to bloom in the shallow unshaded water also allow for great biodiversity.
salt tolerance
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO\_0006001
Tolerance to the high salt content in the growth medium.
[database_cross_reference: GR:pj]
saltation
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO\_0000370
(Bipedal jumping.) Behavior related to the upward thrust produced by the rapid, simultaneous extension of the hind legs with the intend to rise in the air
samaras
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0030099
a fruit which develops from a carpel and at maturity comprises a dry exocarp, dry mesocarp, and dry endocarp that are elongated into a wing-like structure.
sample size
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SampleSize
The size of the sample upon which a measurement is based
sampling effort
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingEffort
The amount of effort expended during an Event.
sampling protocol
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/samplingProtocol
The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an Event.
sand
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000017
A naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
sand pit quarry
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000028
A quarry from which sand is extracted.
sandbian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Sandbian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
sandur
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000312
The plain formed by the large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as a glacier erodes the underlying rocks as it moves slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from the glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier.
sandy beach
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002199
sandy desert
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000172
sandy mud
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/SUBST\_SM
50 - 80% mud; 20 -50% sand.
sandy sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000118
Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 62.5 micrometers and 2 mm.
sandy soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002229
Arenosols are sandy soils, including both soils developed in residual sands after in situ weathering of usually quartz-rich sediments or rock, and soils developed in recently deposited sands such as dunes in deserts and beach lands.
santonian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Santonian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
sap
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0025538
an aqueous solution that can be transported through the apoplast or symplast of a plant
sapling
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO\_0001597
A young tree; specifically: one not over four inches in diameter at breast height.
saprotrophic
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q114750
deriving nutrition from nonliving organic matter
saproxylic
http://eol.org/schema/terms/saproxylic
An organism that is dependent at least for part of its life cycle on dead or decaying wood or on other organisms that are themselves dependent on this resource.
sarcinoid
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sarcinoid
forming a thallus made of three-dimensional packet-like colonies of cells
savanna
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000178
A savanna biome is a woodland biome which has seasonal water availability and includes, across its entire spatial extent, trees spaced sufficiently far apart to allow an unbroken layer of grass, sedge (Cyperaceae) or rush (Juncaceae) communities to live.
savanna soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00005746
saxicolous organism
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q9254309
species living on rocks or cliffs
scale leaf
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1409887
scale-like
http://eol.org/schema/terms/scaleLike
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's shape resemling a scale.
scales
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0002542
A small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection
scavenger
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/FEED\_S
scavenger
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q172867
organism that feeds on dead animal and/or plant material
scientific name
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/scientificName
The full scientific name, with authorship and date information if known. When forming part of an Identification, this should be the name in lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined. This term should not contain identification qualifications, which should instead be supplied in the IdentificationQualifier term.
scraper
http://eol.org/schema/terms/scraping
An organism which obtains food by scraping
scree
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000194
Broken rock that appears at the bottom of crags, mountain cliffs or valley shoulders.
scrotal
http://eol.org/schema/terms/scrotal
Testes are located outside of the body, suspended by the spermatic cord within the scrotum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Testicle#External\_testes
scrubland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000300
Area covered with low-growing or stunted perennial vegetation and usually not mixed with trees.
sea
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000016
A large expanse of saline water usually connected with an ocean.
sea beach
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000092
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a sea.
sea cave
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000326
A cave in present-day or emerged sea cliffs, formed by wave attack or solution.
sea cliff
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000088
A cliff that is a margin of a sea or ocean.
sea foam
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00005739
sea grass bed
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000059
Seagrass beds are highly diverse and productive ecosystems, and can harbour hundreds of associated species from all phyla. They partly create their own habitat: the leaves slow down water-currents increasing sedimentation, and the seagrass roots and rhizomes stabilize the seabed.
sea ice
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002200
Water ice which has formed by the freezing of sea water.
sea sand
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002118
sea shore
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000485
That part of the land in immediate contact with a sea, including the intertidal zone.
sea urchin feeder
https://eol.org/schema/terms/sea\_urchin\_feeder
a carnivore that feeds primarily on sea urchins
seamount
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000264
A mountain rising from the ocean seafloor that does not reach to the water's surface (sea level), and thus is not an island. Typically formed from volcanoes that rise abruptly and are usually found rising from a seafloor of 1,000 - 4,000 meters depth.
seasonal river
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16465938
watercourse which is totally dependent on rainfall
seasoning
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON\_00001857
secchi depth
http://eol.org/schema/terms/secchiDepth
The Secchi depth is reached when the reflectance equals the intensity of light backscattered from the water; this depth in metres divided into 1.7 yields an attenuation coefficient (also called an extinction coefficient), for the available light averaged over the Secchi disk depth. While used as a variable, the extinction coefficient is also used as a variable for turbidity.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secchi\_disk#Secchi\_depth
second instar larva stage
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_8000001
The second stage of instar larva stage. [ IDOMAL : 0000657 ]
secondarily apterous
http://eol.org/schema/terms/secondarilyApterous
The absence of wings in organisms that are descended from winged ancestors.
secondary consumer
http://eol.org/schema/terms/secondaryConsumer
organisms that eat other consumers
secondary xylem
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0005848
secure
https://eol.org/schema/terms/secure
At very low or no risk of extirpation in the jurisdiction due to a very extensive range, abundant populations or occurrences, with little to no concern from declines or threats.
http://www.natureserve.org/conservation-tools/conservation-status-assessment
security
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT\_C25669
Services provided to prevent, deter, detect and/or document crime, fire, disorder or violations of rules
sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002007
Sediment is an environmental substance comprised of any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bedor bottom of a body of water or other liquid.
seed bank
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedBank
Location of persistent seed bank (longevity > 1 yr).
BROT trait database. Traits: units and categories (SeedBank), http://www.uv.es/jgpausas/brot.htm
seed dry mass
http://top-thesaurus.org/annotationInfo?viz=1&&trait=Seed\_dry\_mass
the mass of a seed, assessed after drying
seed hoarding
http://eol.org/schema/terms/seedHoarding
Seed dispersal via scattering and hoarding of propagules by animals (other than ants).
http://www.uv.es/jgpausas/brot.htm
seed mass
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FLOPO\_0015519
seed period begin
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedPeriodBegin
Season in which the earliest fruit or seed of the fruit/seed period is visually obvious.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
seed period end
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedPeriodEnd
Season in which the latest fruit or seed of the fruit/seed period is visually obvious.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
seed spread rate
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedSpreadRate
The capability of the plant to spread through its seed production compared to other species with the same growth habit.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
seedling survival
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedlingSurvival
The expected seedling survival percentage of the plant compared to other species with the same growth habit.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
seeds
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0009010
multi-tissue plant structures that develop from a plant ovule and have as parts a plant embryo enclosed in a seed coat.
seeds per pound
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SeedPerPound
The number of seeds per pound in an average seed lot.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
seep
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000262
A seep is a spring in which water has filtered through permeable earth to the surface. [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spring\_(hydrology) ]
segmented
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0002312
consisting of segments or similar parts arranged in a longitudinal series
selandian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Selandian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
selective deposit feeder
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/FEED\_SD
Some deposit feeders do not ingest sediment haphazardly but use their palps or buccal organs to sort organic material from the sediment prior to ingestion. The method of sorting varies according to the types of palps present.
self-supporting
http://eol.org/schema/terms/self-supportingGrowthForm
an organism relying on its own supportive tissues rather than a climbing habit to achieve vertical growth
semi-aquatic
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30715289
semi-deciduous
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0001734
A quality inhering in a plant by virtue of the bearer's disposition to being between evergeen and deciduous
semi-infaunal
http://eol.org/schema/terms/semiInfaunal
Benthic organism whose body is partly within the substrate or may be covered by sediment during life.
http://paleodb.org/public/tips/ecology\_tips.html
semi-woody
http://eol.org/schema/terms/semi-woody
partially woody; partially lignified
semifossorial
http://eol.org/schema/terms/semifossorial
organism that is adapted to digging and life underground but also spends a considerable amount of its life above ground.
semivoltine
http://eol.org/schema/terms/semivoltine
completing one generation in two years
sensitivity
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000085
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to detect or perceive external stimulation.
sensitivity to oxygen
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0001454
A sensitivity quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's dependence on oxygen.
sensory
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT\_C28259
Having to do with the senses.
sensory system
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0001032
Anatomical system that overlaps the nervous system and is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information.
serpukhovian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Serpukhovian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
serravallian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Serravallian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
sessile
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1759860
organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile
sessile prey feeder
https://eol.org/schema/terms/sessile\_prey\_feeder
preys on organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile
seta length
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FLOPO\_0023821
setae
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q126780
hair-like structures on living organisms
sewage
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002018
Wastewater that is contaminated with feces or urine.
sex
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/sex
The sex of the biological individual(s) represented in the Occurrence. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
sexual metamorphosis
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/SM
Conspicuous change in the organism's body structure prior to reproduction
sexual reproduction
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO\_0019953
Capable of creating a new organism by combining the genetic material of two gametes, which may come from two parent organisms or from a single organism, in the case of self-fertilizing hermaphrodites.
sexually dimorphic
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0002451
A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting a phenotypic difference between males and females of the same species.
shade
http://eol.org/schema/terms/shade
the blocking of sunlight (in particular direct sunshine) by any object, and also the shadow created by that object
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shade\_(shadow)
shade tolerance
http://eol.org/schema/terms/ShadeTolerance
The relative tolerance of the plant to shade conditions
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
shallow infaunal
http://eol.org/schema/terms/shallowInfaunal
Benthic organism that lives within the upper layers of unlithified (soft) substrate.
http://paleodb.org/public/tips/ecology\_tips.html
shallow marine sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_03000034
Marine sediment that accumulates within shallow regions of the oceanic basin close to continents, such as the continental shelf, or continental slope
shallow reef
http://eol.org/schema/terms/shallowReef
shape
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000052
A morphological quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's ratios of distances between its features (points, edges, surfaces and also holes etc).
shedability
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0001729
An organismal quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to lose an entitity by natural process.
[database_cross_reference: PATOC:GVG]
sheinwoodian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Sheinwoodian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
shell
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q213096
hard, protective outer layer created by an animal
shell height, bivalve
http://eol.org/schema/terms/ShellHeightBivalve
Height (shorter dimension in the plane of the valve) of the shell of a Bivalve
shell length
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA\_1000039
The length of a mollusc shell.
shell length, bivalve
http://eol.org/schema/terms/ShellLengthBivalve
Length (longest dimension) of the shell of a Bivalve.
sheltered
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sheltered
not exposed
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0002425
shingle beach
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000545
A beach which is armoured with pebbles or small to medium sized cobbles.
shoot apex
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0000037
A shoot axis that is the most distal part of a shoot system and has as parts a shoot apical meristem and the youngest leaf primordia.
[database_cross_reference: POC:curators]
shoot:root ratio (srr)
http://eol.org/schema/terms/ShootRootRatio
The quotient of the dry weight of the shoots produced during a given growth period divided by the dry weight of the roots esp. for crop plants.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shoot-root%20ratio
shoreline
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000486
The line of contact between a body of water and the land.
short-persistent
http://eol.org/schema/terms/shortPersistentSeedBank
Of seed bank longevity. Seed bank longevity is > 1 and <= 5 yr.
http://www.uv.es/jgpausas/brot.htm
shredding
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IDOMAL\_0002191
The gnawing and biting-off of small fragments of tissue, whether from plants or dead invertebrates. [ https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=bn%3A0-412-40180-0 ]
shrub
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FLOPO\_0900034
whole plant frutescent, bush, shrub
shrubland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000176
A shrubland biome is a terrestrial biome which includes, across its entire spatial extent, dense groups of shrubs.
siberia
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5428
siliceous ooze
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_02000044
Siliceous ooze is a marine sediment composed of the debris of plankton with silica shells, such as diatoms and radiolaria. This ooze is limited to areas with high biological productivity, such as the polar oceans, and upwelling zones near the equator. The least common type of sediment, it covers only 15% of the ocean floor. It accumulates at a slower rate than calcareous ooze: 0.2-1 cm / 1000 yr.
siliceous rock
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1504227
Siliceous rocks are sedimentary rocks that have silica (SiO2) as the principal constituent. The most common siliceous rock is chert other types include diatomite. They commonly form from silica-secreting organisms such as radiolarians, diatoms, or some types of sponges.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliceous\_rock
silk
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0012245
A protein fiber composed mainly of fibroin and produced by certain arthropods[
silt
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000016
Silt is granular material of a size somewhere between sand and clay whose mineral origin is quartz and feldspar. [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt ]
silty sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000119
Sediment characterised by an average particle diameter between 3.9 and 62.5 micrometers.
silurian period
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Silurian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
simple
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0020042
A leaf in which the lamina is undivided
simple eyes
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0000047
eyes with one concave chamber. Note that 'simple' does not imply a reduced level of complexity or acuity.
simple eyes with multiple lenses
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0000050
Simple eye that has two or more lenses. Some marine organisms bear more than one lens; for instance the copeopod Pontella has three. The outer has a parabolic surface, countering the effects of spherical aberration while allowing a sharp image to be formed. Copilla's eyes have two lenses, which move in and out like a telescope
sinemurian age
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Sinemurian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
single
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT\_C48440
not accompanied by another or others
single measurement
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO\_0001444
A measurement is an information entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by an instrument.
single-seeded fruit
https://eol.org/schema/terms/single\_seed
a fruit bearing only one seed
Singrisch collection
http://eol.org/schema/terms/collection\_Singrisch
sinistrally coiled
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sinistrally\_coiled
in which the direction of the coil is sinistral (left-handed)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinistral\_and\_dextral
sinkhole
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000195
A natural depression or hole in the surface topography caused by the removal of soil or bedrock, often both, by water. Sinkholes may vary in size from less than a meter to several hundred meters both in diameter and depth, and vary in form from soil-lined bowls to bedrock-edged chasms.
siphonocladous
http://eol.org/schema/terms/siphonocladous
forming a multicellular tubular thallus composed of multinuclear cells that are created when nuclear division is not accompanied by the formation of cell walls
size
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000117
size class
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SizeClass
a size category or range applying to an occurrence or measurement record
skeletal density
http://eol.org/schema/terms/skeletal\_density
mass per volume of skeletal (support) tissue
skeletal density
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SkeletalDensity
mass density of skeletal elements of the organism
skeletal reinforcement
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SkeletalReinforcement
The nature of structural reinforcements of shells, leaves, scutes, or carapaces. Smooth shells and carapaces lack reinforcements.
http://paleodb.org/public/tips/ecology\_tips.html
skeleton
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0004288
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements of the body
skeleton contains
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA\_1000106
The composition of a skeletal tissue.
skeleton structure
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA\_0002342
The structure of a skeleton.
skin
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT\_C12470
An organ that constitutes the external surface of the body. It consists of the epidermis, dermis, and skin appendages.
slide preparation
http://eol.org/schema/terms/slide
specimen preparation mounted on a microscope slide
slime mold
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q949817
eukaryotic organisms with a life cycle that includes a free-living single-celled stage and the formation of spores
slow
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000911
Decreased rate. A rate which is relatively low.
small
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000587
A size quality which is relatively low.
From Phenotype and Trait Ontology
small lake
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000892
small river
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000890
snow field
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000146
A region of permanent snow in mountainous areas or high latitudes.
social
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NBO\_0000011
A behavior that occurs predominantly or only, in individuals that are part of a group.
social group size
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SocialGroupSize
Number of individuals in a group that spends the majority of their time in a 24 hour cycle together where there is some indication that these individuals form a social cohesive unit.
social system
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SocialSystem
Description of the relationships among individuals within a population of organisms, including reproductive relationships (mating system), relationships within each sex, adult – young interactions, helpers and cooperation (group living).
soft benthic substrate
http://eol.org/schema/terms/softBenthicSubstrate
Benthic habitat composed of a soft substrate- mud, silt or sand
soft bodied
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q12501479
non-skeletal fauna
soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00001998
Any material within 2 m from the Earth's surface that is in contact with the atmosphere, with the exclusion of living organisms, areas with continuous ice not covered by other material, and water bodies deeper than 2 m.
soil composition
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_09200008
the quantities or relative ratios of subparts of a soil
soil depth
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SoilDepth
The minimum depth of soil required for good growth. Plants that do not have roots such as rootless aquatic plants (floating or submerged) and epiphytes are assigned a minimum root depth value of zero.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
soil ph
http://eol.org/schema/terms/SoilPH
The soil pH, of the top 12 inches of soil, within the plant’s known geographical range. For cultivars, the geographical range is defined as the area to which the cultivar is well adapted rather than marginally adapted.
USDA PLANTS database Characteristics Data Fields. http://plants.usda.gov/charinfo.html
Sokotra
solfatara
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000217
A fumarole that emits sulfurous gases.
solitary
http://eol.org/schema/terms/solitary
Solitary animals are those that spend a majority of their lives without others of their species, with possible exceptions for mating and raising their young. Antonyms for a solitary animal include a social animal or a colonial animal.
https://www.definitions.net/definition/solitary+animal
solonchak
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002252
Solonchaks are soils that have a high concentration of soluble salts at some time in the year. Solonchaks are largely confined to the arid and semi-arid climate zones and to coastal regions in all climates.
solonetz
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002255
Solonetz are soils with a dense, strongly structured, clayey subsurface horizon that has a high proportion of adsorbed Na and/or Mg ions. Solonetz that contain free soda (Na2CO3) are strongly alkaline (field pH > 8.5).
some parental care
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/BP\_YES
this term applies to a species that provides any parental care to its offspring
sound pressure
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1068172
local pressure deviation from the ambient atmospheric pressure, caused by a sound wave
source
http://purl.org/dc/terms/source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
southern arctic dwarf shrub subzone
http://eol.org/schema/terms/southernArcticDwarfShrubSubzone
Zone D, per the Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (CAVM Team 2003)
http://www.arcticatlas.org/maps/themes/cp/cpbz
Southern Ocean
http://www.geonames.org/4036776
specific leaf area
http://www.nucleodiversus.org/index.php?mod=caracter&id=17
the one-sided area of a fresh leaf, divided by its oven-dry mass
speed
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q3711325
magnitude of velocity
speleothem
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000327
A secondary mineral deposit formed in caves, most commonly calcite.
Sphagnum
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q30019
genus of mosses, peat moss
sphagnum bog
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002268
A peatland dominated by species of the Bryophyte Sphagnum.
spherule
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PORO\_0000543
Globular (centric or excentric) arrangement of crystal fibers radiating from a common center
spine-shaped
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0025173
A leaf that is a sclerified and pointed and lacks a lamina.
[database_cross_reference: POC:curators]
spines
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0008260
A hard, thorny or needle-like structure which occurs on various organisms. Animals such as porcupines and sea urchins grow spines as a self-defense mechanism
sponge feeder
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sponge\_feeder
a carnivore that feeds primarily on sponges
sponge reef
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000123
The marine sponge reef biome comprises marine reefs primarily built by marine sponges. The primary frame-building sponges are all members of the order Hexactinosa. They are found only in glacier-scoured troughs of low-angle continental shelf. The seafloor is stable and consists of rock, coarse gravel, and large boulders.
sponging mouthparts
https://eol.org/schema/terms/sponging
Mouthparts adapted for the take-up of liquids from open fluid sources via a proboscis with absorbent apical components.
spore
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO\_0001171
A primitive usually unicellular often environmentally resistant dormant or reproductive body produced by plants and some microorganisms and capable of development into a new individual either directly or after fusion with another spore.
spore arrangement
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sporeArrangement
The important feature of homospory is the four fold division involved in spore production, this takes the form of either a tetrahedra which gives a trilete (Y shaped scar) spore or a tetragon which gives a monolete (single linear scar) spore.
https://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/spore.html
sporocyst stage
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OPL\_0000098
A parasite lifecycle stage that is the early developmental stage capable of asexual reproduction: in sporozoans it is usually enclosed within an oocyst; in digeneans it is an intramolluscan stage lacking a gut.
sporophyll height
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sporophyllHeight
sporulated oocyst
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BTO\_0001293
A sporozoan zygote undergoing sporogenous development.
spring (season)
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1312
one of the Earth's four temperate seasons, occurring between winter and summer
USDA Plants Revised March 2018
spring (water)
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000027
A point where groundwater or steam flows out of the ground, and is thus where the aquifer surface meets the ground surface or where there is a fissure.
springing
https://eol.org/schema/terms/springing
(Quadrupedal jumping) Progression composed of a series of leaps in which the hind legs supply the chief propulsive force, lifting the body completely from the ground and forward. The fore feet touch the ground simultaneously or in close sequence; the body rolls forward over these as in a vault; the hind feet, overstepping the fore feet, at least in greatest speed, come down next and again lift the body forward
spruce forest soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00005784
squamulose
http://eol.org/schema/terms/squamulose
tightly clustered and slightly flattened pebble-like units
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/lichens/lichenmm.html
stamen
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0009029
A microsporophyll bearing one or more microsporangia; part of a flower.
standard length
http://eol.org/schema/terms/StandardLength
refers to the length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin.
definition from Wikipedia
standard length
http://purl.org/obo/owlATOL\_0001659
length of a fish measured from the tip of the snout to the posterior end of the last vertebra or to the posterior end of the midlateral portion of the hypural plate. Simply put, this measurement excludes the length of the caudal fin
stapes
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0001687
the stirrup-shaped small bone or ossicle in the middle ear which is attached to the incus laterally and to the fenestra ovalis, the 'oval window' medially. The oval window is adjacent to the vestibule of the inner ear. The stapes transmits the sound vibrations from the incus to the membrane of the inner ear inside the fenestra ovalis.
starch
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI\_28017
The most important reserve polysaccharide found in plants. It is a glucan consisting of amylose and amylopectin.
starfish feeder
https://eol.org/schema/terms/starfish\_feeder
a carnivore that feeds primarily on starfishes
start day of year
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/startDayOfYear
The earliest integer day of the year on which the Event occurred (1 for January 1, 365 for December 31, except in a leap year, in which case it is 366).
state or province
http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/stateProvince
The name of the next smaller administrative region than country (state, province, canton, department, region, etc.) in which the Location occurs.
statherian period
http://resource.geosciml.org/classifier/ics/ischart/Statherian
International Chronostratigraphic Chart: http://www.stratigraphy.org/index.php/ics-chart-timescale
statocyst
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0006583
a balance sensory receptor present in some aquatic invertebrates
stem
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PO\_0009047
the primary shoot axis of a plant
stem borer
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q20727128
arthropod that bores into plant stems
stem diameter
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FLOPO\_0000875
linear distance through the cross section of the stem or trunk, passing through the center
stem height
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FLOPO\_0022260
stem length
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO\_0000576
stem morphology
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TO\_0000361
any morphological quality of a stem
stem specific density
http://top-thesaurus.org/annotationInfo?viz=1&&trait=Stem\_specific\_density
the ratio of the mass of the stem or an unit thereof assessed after drying, to its volume assessed without drying
stemmata
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0000046
Eye-spots which may be set into a pit to reduce the angles of light that enters, to allow the organism to deduce the angle of incoming light. Lens-like structures may be present, but stemmata, unlike lens eyes, cannot form an image, either for lack of refractive power or retinal resolution.
stenopterous
http://eol.org/schema/terms/stenopterous
The presence of narrow wings that may or may not be functional as organs of flight.
steppe
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000262
A plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude.
steppe soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00005777
sterile
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0000956
A fertility quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearers being incapable of initiating, sustaining, or supporting reproduction.
stillborn
http://eol.org/schema/terms/stillborn
stipitate
http://eol.org/schema/terms/stipitate
fruiting body with a stalk
stomach cramps
http://eol.org/schema/terms/stomachCramps
Involuntary contraction of abdominal muscles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cramp
stony desert
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000183
A desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel or stones.
storage organ
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MAT\_0000366
non-woody storage organs, normally modified stems as bulbs, corms or tubers
http://www.uv.es/jgpausas/brot.htm
stratovolcano
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000404
A tall, conical volcano composed of many layers of hardened lava, tephra, and volcanic ash. These volcanoes are characterized by a steep profile and periodic, explosive eruptions. The lava that flows from them is viscous, and cools and hardens before spreading very far.
straw (color)
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q7622361
color; tone of pale yellow
stream
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000023
Linear body of water flowing on the Earth's surface.
stream bank
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000142
The sloping margin of a stream, serving to confine it to its natural channel.
stream bed
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000383
The channel bottom of a stream; the physical confine of the normal water flow.
stream mouth
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000385
The place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea.
stream sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00002127
stream valley
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000129
A valley that contains, and has been formed by, a stream.
stress-tolerant
http://eol.org/schema/terms/stressTolerant
Stress tolerant species live in areas of high intensity stress and low intensity disturbance. Species that have adapted this strategy generally have slow growth rates, high rates of nutrient retention, and low phenotypic plasticity. Stress tolerators respond to environmental stresses through physiological variability. These species are often found in stressful environments.
string mire
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000186
Flat or concave peatlands with a string-like pattern of hummocks (hence the name), found principally in northern Scandinavia but occurring in the western parts of the former USSR and in North America. A few examples exist in northern Britain.
sub-carangiform swimming
https://eol.org/schema/terms/subcarangiform
Body/caudal fin propulsion, like anguilliform, with a more marked increase in wave amplitude along the body with the vast majority of the work being done by the rear half of the fish. In general, the fish body is stiffer, making for higher speed but reduced maneuverability. Trout use sub-carangiform locomotion.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish\_locomotion#Sub-carangiform
subadult
http://eol.org/schema/terms/subadult
An animal in the process of transforming from the juvenile stage to full maturity.
subalpine freshwater lake
http://eol.org/schema/terms/subalpineFreshwaterLake
subarctic
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1342399
subgenual organs
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q16581534
organs in insects that are involved in the perception of sound; just below the knee in the tibia of all legs in most insects. Reception is performed by aggregations of scolopidia, the unit mechanoreceptor in invertebrates.
submarine canyon
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000267
A steep-sided valley on the sea floor of the continental slope. Many submarine canyons are found as extensions to large rivers; however there are many that have no such association. Canyons cutting the continental slopes have been found at depths greater than 2 km below sea level. Many submarine canyons continue as submarine channels across continental rise areas and may extend for hundreds of kilometers.
submassive
http://eol.org/schema/terms/submassive
Dense, slow growing colonies which are not hemispherical, but have a more irregular or columnar shape
https://newheavenreefconservation.org/learning-resources/explore-topics/coral-growth-forms
subpolar
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000251
subshrub
http://eol.org/schema/terms/subshrub
Low-growing plant usually under 0.5 m (1.5 feet) tall, never exceeding 1 meter (3 feet) tall at maturity.
PLANTS Database Growth Habits Codes and Definitions: https://plants.usda.gov/growth\_habits\_def.html
substrate
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q5824490
the surface on which a plant or animal lives
substrate-attached
http://eol.org/schema/terms/Attached
This organism is normally physically attached to the substrate upon which it lives
subsurface deposit feeder
http://eol.org/schema/terms/subsurfaceDepositFeeder
An organism which obtains food primarily by subsurface deposit feeding. Reid WDK, Wigham BD, McGill RAR, Polunin NVC (2012) Elucidating trophic pathways in benthic deep-sea assemblages of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge north and south of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 463:89-103. doi:10.3354/meps09863
subterrestrial
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000572
A habitat that is below the surface of the earth.
subtidal rocky reef
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000050
The marine rocky subtidal reef biome comprises regions of the marine reef biome composed mainly of rock and which harbour abundant communities of algae and invertebrates. These reefs are often very patchy, with alterations of rocks dominated by rich invertebrate assemblages and turf-forming calcareous red algae.
subtropical
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000205
subtropical broadleaf forest
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000201
subtropical coniferous forest
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000209
subtropical desert
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000184
subtropical dry broadleaf forest
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000225
subtropical grassland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000191
subtropical moist broadleaf forest
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000226
subtropical savanna
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000187
subtropical shrubland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000213
subtropical woodland
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000222
subulate (awl-shaped)
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PATO\_0001954
linear, very narrow, tapering to a very fine point from a narrow base
Succulent Karoo
http://eol.org/schema/terms/Succulent\_Karoo
http://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/AT1322
succulent plant
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q189939
plants having some parts that are more than normally thickened and fleshy
sucker
http://eol.org/schema/terms/sucker
An organism that uses a pressure gradient to ingest liquids or small organisms in suspension
sucking mouthparts
https://eol.org/schema/terms/sucking
Mouthparts adapted for the take-up of liquids via suction through a tubular proboscis.
sudd hydrophyte
http://eol.org/schema/terms/suddHydrophyte
an aquatic plant that grows rooted in sudd (an impenetrable mass of floating vegetable matter).
GERMISHUIZEN, G. & MEYER, N.L. (eds) 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
suffrutescent
http://eol.org/schema/terms/suffrutescent
of habit, a plant with a herbaceous upper part and woody lower part.
http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/top/glossaryq\_z.html#S
sugar plantation
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000159
sugars
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q73883738
short chain carbohydrate molecules that have hydroxyl groups on each carbon atom unit, but with one carbon that has a double-bond aldehyde or ketone oxygen
sulcus width
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBA\_1000098
Any measurable or observable characteristic related to the width of a dinoflagellate sulcus
Ontology of Biological Attributes
sulfur spring
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000126
A spring whose water contains a significant amount of dissolved derivatives of sulfur.
summer
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1313
one of the Earth's four temperate seasons, occurring between spring and autumn
sunlight
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q193788
electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun
supporting structures and enclosures
http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/SupportingStructuresEnclosures
Hard framework, internal or external, which supports and protects softer parts of plant, animal or unicellular organism, and to which muscles usually attach in animals, includes skeletons (derived from Lawrence, 2005).
http://www.marinespecies.org/traits/wiki/Traits:SupportingStructuresEnclosures Lawrence, E. (ed.) (2005) Henderson's dictionary of Biology (13th edition). London, United Kingdom: Pearson Education Limited.
supralittoral zone
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/DZ\_SUP
The zone of the shore immediately above the highest water leveland subjected to wetting by spray or wave splash
surface soil
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_02000059
A soil consisting of the upper layer of soil on the surface consisting of loose material capable of supporting life composed of a mixture of mineral and organic matter.
surficial modifier
https://eol.org/schema/terms/surficialModifier
bioturbating fauna with activities restricted to the sediment layer immediately below the sediment surface
S. Lindqvist, Engelbrektsson, Eriksson, Hulth. 2016. Functional classification of bioturbating macrofauna in marine sediments using time-resolved imaging of particle displacement and multivariate analysis. Biogeosciences Discuss, 13 Oct. 2016. doi:10.5194/bg-2016-411.
survival salinity
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MSH/D054712
survival temperature
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/TEMP
suspended sediment
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000113
Suspended sediment, or suspended load, is the term for the particles settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water (such as a stream or coastal area) either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand, silt and clay size, although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow.
suspension feeder
http://eol.org/schema/terms/suspensionFeeder
An organism which feeds on organisms and/or particles suspended in the water column.
swamp
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_00000233
A wetland that features permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water, generally with a substantial number of hummocks, or dry-land protrusions.
swamp forest
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO\_01000432
forests which are inundated with freshwater, either permanently or seasonally. They normally occur along the lower reaches of rivers and around freshwater lakes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater\_swamp\_forest
sweetener
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/FOODON\_00002300
swim bladder
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON\_0006860
a thin membranous, sometimes alveolated sac in the dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity. Contains a varying mixture of gases, not identical to the composition of air.
swimmer
http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu/terms/MOB\_SWIM
An organism that moves through the water column via movements of its fins, legs or appendages, via undulatory movements of the body or via jet propulsion; includes pelagic phases during reproduction (swarming at the surface)
swimming
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GO\_0036268
Self-propelled movement of an organism from one location to another through water, often by means of active fin movement.
symbiont
https://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2374421
organism living in symbiosis, a close and long-term biological association, with another organism
symbiont inheritance
http://eol.org/schema/terms/symbiontInheritance
Symbiont transmission maintains symbioses through host generations. In vertical transmission, the symbiont is inherited from the mother or, more rarely, from both parents.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2967712/
symbiotroph
http://eol.org/schema/terms/symbiotroph
A consumer that acquires nutrition from a symbiont
syntype
http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/TaxonName#Syntype
One of the series of specimens used to describe a species or infraspecific taxon when neither a single holotype nor a lectotype has been designated. The syntypes collectively constitute the name-bearing type. [Zoo./Bot.]
systolic blood pressure