line graphs (original) (raw)
The map shows the inclusions between the current class and a fixed set of landmark classes. Minimal/maximal is with respect to the contents of ISGCI. Only references for direct inclusions are given. Where no reference is given, check equivalent classes or use the Java application. To check relations other than inclusion (e.g. disjointness) use the Java application, as well.
acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
bandwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from carvingwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from cutwidth
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum degree
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
Unbounded on complete [by definition]
book thickness
Unbounded
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded on complete
booleanwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
branchwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
carvingwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum degree
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
chromatic number
Unbounded
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from maximum clique
cliquewidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded on (C4,K4,claw,diamond)-free
Unbounded on Fn grid
cochromatic number
Unbounded
Unbounded on cluster
cutwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from carvingwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum degree
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
degeneracy
Unbounded
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from maximum clique
diameter
Unbounded
Unbounded on (C4,K4,claw,diamond)-free [trivial]
Unbounded on Fn grid [by definition]
Unbounded on bipartite ∩ claw-free [by definition]
distance to block
Unbounded
Unbounded on Fn grid [trivial]
Unbounded on bipartite ∩ claw-free [trivial]
distance to clique
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to cluster
Unbounded from distance to co-cluster
Unbounded from distance to cograph
Unbounded from maximum independent set
Unbounded from maximum induced matching
Unbounded from minimum clique cover
Unbounded from minimum dominating set
distance to cluster
Unbounded
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to cograph
distance to co-cluster
Unbounded
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from distance to cluster on the complement
Unbounded from distance to cograph
distance to cograph
Unbounded
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded on (2K2,C4,C5,claw,diamond)-free
distance to linear forest
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to outerplanar
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
distance to outerplanar
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
genus
Unbounded
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
max-leaf number
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from bandwidth
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from carvingwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from cutwidth
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to linear forest
Unbounded from distance to outerplanar
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum degree
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
maximum clique
Unbounded
Unbounded on complete [by definition]
maximum degree
Unbounded
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded on complete [by definition]
maximum independent set
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from maximum induced matching
Unbounded from minimum dominating set
maximum induced matching
Unbounded
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded on cluster [trivial]
Unbounded on maximum degree 1 [trivial]
maximum matching
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to cluster
Unbounded from distance to co-cluster
Unbounded from distance to cograph
Unbounded from distance to linear forest
Unbounded from distance to outerplanar
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum induced matching
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from tree depth
Unbounded from treewidth
Unbounded from vertex cover
minimum clique cover
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from maximum independent set
Unbounded from maximum induced matching
Unbounded from minimum dominating set
minimum dominating set
Unbounded
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded on K2-free [by definition]
pathwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
rankwidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from cliquewidth
tree depth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from treewidth
treewidth
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Linear,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded on complete [by definition]
vertex cover
Unbounded
Unbounded from 3-Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Clique cover assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Colourability assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Domination assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Graph isomorphism assuming Polynomial,GI-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian cycle assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Hamiltonian path assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted feedback vertex set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from Weighted independent dominating set assuming Polynomial,NP-complete disjoint.
Unbounded from acyclic chromatic number
Unbounded from book thickness
Unbounded from booleanwidth
Unbounded from branchwidth
Unbounded from chromatic number
Unbounded from cliquewidth
Unbounded from cochromatic number
Unbounded from degeneracy
Unbounded from diameter
Unbounded from distance to block
Unbounded from distance to cluster
Unbounded from distance to co-cluster
Unbounded from distance to cograph
Unbounded from distance to linear forest
Unbounded from distance to outerplanar
Unbounded from maximum clique
Unbounded from maximum induced matching
Unbounded from maximum matching
Unbounded from pathwidth
Unbounded from rankwidth
Unbounded from tree depth
Unbounded from treewidth
Problems in italics have no summary page and are only listed when ISGCI contains a result for the current class.
3-Colourability
NP-complete
NP-complete on (K4,claw,diamond)-free
NP-complete
NP-complete on linear domino ∩ maximum degree 4
Clique
Polynomial
Polynomial from Independent set on the complement
Polynomial from Weighted clique
Clique cover
NP-complete
NP-complete on line graphs of triangle-free graphs
Colourability
NP-complete
NP-complete from 3-Colourability
NP-complete on (K4,claw,diamond)-free
Domination
NP-complete
NP-complete
Feedback vertex set
NP-complete
NP-complete on line graphs of planar cubic bipartite graphs
Graph isomorphism
GI-complete
GI-complete on (C4,claw,diamond)-free
GI-complete
GI-complete on line graphs of bipartite graphs
Hamiltonian cycle
NP-complete
NP-complete
NP-complete on line graphs of bipartite graphs
Hamiltonian path
NP-complete
NP-complete
NP-complete on line graphs of bipartite graphs
Independent dominating set
NP-complete
NP-complete
On domination perfect graphs, the Domination and Independent dominating set problems are equivalent.
Independent set
Polynomial
Polynomial from Weighted independent set
Polynomial on (E,P)-free
Polynomial on EPT
Polynomial on (P,T2)-free
Polynomial on (P,star1,2,5)-free
Polynomial on claw-free
Maximum cut
Polynomial
Polynomial
Monopolarity
Linear
Linear
Polynomial [$O(V^4)$] on (5-pan,T2,X172)-free
Polynomial [$O(V^3)$] on claw-free
Polarity
Linear
Linear
Recognition
Linear
Linear
Polynomial on (K5 - e,W5,A,C4 ∪ 2K1,P2 ∪ P3,R,claw,co-twin-C5,co-twin-house)-free