Perl keywords - learn.perl.org (original) (raw)

Perl Keywords

Below is a list of all the keywords available in the core of Perl, each links through to the relevant perldoc page. Please note that just because the keyword exists it does not mean that it is recommended to use it!

Perl functions

-A END length setpgrp
-B endgrent link setpriority
-b endhostent listen setprotoent
-C endnetent local setpwent
-c endprotoent localtime setservent
-d endpwent log setsockopt
-e endservent lstat shift
-f eof map shmctl
-g eval mkdir shmget
-k exec msgctl shmread
-l exists msgget shmwrite
-M exit msgrcv shutdown
-O fcntl msgsnd sin
-o fileno my sleep
-p flock next socket
-r fork not socketpair
-R format oct sort
-S formline open splice
-s getc opendir split
-T getgrent ord sprintf
-t getgrgid our sqrt
-u getgrnam pack srand
-w gethostbyaddr pipe stat
-W gethostbyname pop state
-X gethostent pos study
-x getlogin print substr
-z getnetbyaddr printf symlink
abs getnetbyname prototype syscall
accept getnetent push sysopen
alarm getpeername quotemeta sysread
atan2 getpgrp rand sysseek
AUTOLOAD getppid read system
BEGIN getpriority readdir syswrite
bind getprotobyname readline tell
binmode getprotobynumber readlink telldir
bless getprotoent readpipe tie
break getpwent recv tied
caller getpwnam redo time
chdir getpwuid ref times
CHECK getservbyname rename truncate
chmod getservbyport require uc
chomp getservent reset ucfirst
chop getsockname return umask
chown getsockopt reverse undef
chr glob rewinddir UNITCHECK
chroot gmtime rindex unlink
close goto rmdir unpack
closedir grep say unshift
connect hex scalar untie
cos index seek use
crypt INIT seekdir utime
dbmclose int select values
dbmopen ioctl semctl vec
defined join semget wait
delete keys semop waitpid
DESTROY kill send wantarray
die last setgrent warn
dump lc sethostent write
each lcfirst setnetent

Perl syntax

__DATA__ else lock qw
__END__ elsif lt qx
__FILE__ eq m s
__LINE__ exp ne sub
__PACKAGE__ for no tr
and foreach or unless
cmp ge package until
continue gt q while
CORE if qq xor
do le qr y

Perl variables

$! $^RE_TRIE_MAXBUF $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT
$" $^S $LIST_SEPARATOR
$# $^T $MATCH
$$ $^TAINT $MULTILINE_MATCHING
$% $^UNICODE $NR
$& $^UTF8LOCALE $OFMT
$' $^V $OFS
$( $^W $ORS
$) $^WARNING_BITS $OS_ERROR
$* $^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS $OSNAME
$+ $^X $OUTPUT_AUTO_FLUSH
$, $_ $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR
$- $` $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR
$. $a $PERL_VERSION
$/ $ACCUMULATOR $PERLDB
$0 $ARG $PID
$: $ARGV $POSTMATCH
$; $b $PREMATCH
$< $BASETIME $PROCESS_ID
$= $CHILD_ERROR $PROGRAM_NAME
$> $COMPILING $REAL_GROUP_ID
$? $DEBUGGING $REAL_USER_ID
$@ $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID $RS
$[ $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR
$\ $EGID $SUBSEP
$] $ERRNO $SYSTEM_FD_MAX
$^ $EUID $UID
$^A $EVAL_ERROR $WARNING
$^C $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT $|
$^CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE $EXECUTABLE_NAME $~
$^D $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR %!
$^E $FORMAT_FORMFEED %^H
$^ENCODING $FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS %ENV
$^F $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT %INC
$^H $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE %OVERLOAD
$^I $FORMAT_NAME %SIG
$^L $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER @+
$^M $FORMAT_TOP_NAME @-
$^N $GID @_
$^O $INPLACE_EDIT @ARGV
$^OPEN $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER @INC
$^P $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR @LAST_MATCH_START
$^R $LAST_MATCH_END
$^RE_DEBUG_FLAGS $LAST_PAREN_MATCH

File Handles

ARGV STDERR STDOUT
ARGVOUT STDIN

Misc

%+ EXTENDED_OS_ERROR PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
%- fail PERL_DL_NONLAZY
1 FETCH PERL_ENCODING
2 FETCHSIZE PERL_HASH_SEED
3 file_name_is_absolute PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG
4 fileparse PERL_ROOT
5 fileparse_set_fstype PERL_SIGNALS
6 find PERL_UNICODE
7 finddepth PERL_VERSION
8 FIRSTKEY PERLDB
9 FORMAT_FORMFEED PERLIO
:bytes FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS PERLIO_DEBUG
:crlf FORMAT_LINES_LEFT PERLLIB
:mmap FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE PID
:perlio FORMAT_NAME plan
:pop FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER pod
:raw FORMAT_TOP_NAME POP
:stdio freeze POSTMATCH
:unix GETC PREMATCH
:utf8 GetOptions PRINT
:win32 GID PRINTF
@F head1 PROCESS_ID
_ head2 PROGRAM_NAME
__DIE__ head3 PUSH
__WARN__ head4 RE_DEBUG_FLAGS
a HOME RE_TRIE_MAXBUF
abs2rel INC READ
ACCUMULATOR INPLACE_EDIT READLINE
ARG INPUT_LINE_NUMBER REAL_GROUP_ID
b INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR REAL_USER_ID
back is rel2abs
basename is_deeply require_ok
BASETIME ISA rmscopy
begin isa rmtree
builder isa_ok rootdir
can isnt RS
can_ok item safe_level
canonpath LAST_MATCH_END SHIFT
carp LAST_MATCH_START shortmess
case_tolerant LAST_PAREN_MATCH SIG
catdir LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT skip
catfile LAST_SUBMATCH_RESULT SKIP:
catpath like SPLICE
CHILD_ERROR LIST_SEPARATOR splitdir
CHILD_ERROR_NATIVE LOGDIR splitpath
CLEAR longmess STORE
CLOSE MATCH STORESIZE
cluck mkdtemp SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR
cmp_ok mkpath SUBSEP
COMPILING mkstemp SYSTEM_FD_MAX
confess mkstemps TAINT
copy mktemp tempdir
cp move tempfile
croak MULTILINE_MATCHING thaw
curdir mv TIEARRAY
cut NEXTKEY TIEHANDLE
DATA no_upwards TIEHASH
DEBUGGING NR TIESCALAR
DELETE OFS tmpdir
devnull ok tmpfile
diag OPEN tmpnam
dirname ORS TODO:
EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID OS_ERROR todo_skip
EFFECTIVE_USER_ID OSNAME UID
EGID OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH UNICODE
ENCODING OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR unlike
end OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR unlink0
ENV over UNSHIFT
eq_array pass UNTIE
eq_hash PATH updir
eq_set path use_ok
ERRNO PERL5DB UTF8CACHE
EUID PERL5DB_THREADED UTF8LOCALE
EVAL_ERROR PERL5LIB VERSION
EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT PERL5OPT WARNING
EXECUTABLE_NAME PERL5SHELL WARNING_BITS
EXISTS PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP WIN32_SLOPPY_STAT
EXTEND PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS WRITE