Bailey, J. M., Kirk, K. M., Zhu, G., Dunne, M. P., & Martin, N. G. (2000). Do individual differences in sociosexuality represent genetic or environmentally contingent strategies? Evidence from the Australian twin registry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(3), 537–545. Article Google Scholar
Barnett, S. (1983). Humanity and natural selection. Ethology and Sociobiology, 4(1), 35–51. Article Google Scholar
Boehm, C. (2012). Moral origins: The evolution of virtue, altruism, and shame. Basic Books.
Bostyn, D. H., Sevenhant, S., & Roets, A. (2018). Of mice, men, and trolleys: Hypothetical judgment versus real-life behavior in trolley-style moral dilemmas. Psychological Science, 29(7), 1084–1093. Article Google Scholar
Brandt, M. J., & Wetherell, G. A. (2012). What attitudes are moral attitudes? The case of attitude heritability. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(2), 172–179. Article Google Scholar
Christensen, J. F., Flexas, A., Calabrese, M., Gut, N. K., & Gomila, A. (2014). Moral judgment reloaded: A moral dilemma validation study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 607. Article Google Scholar
Churchland, P. S. (2018). Braintrust: What neuroscience tells us about morality. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Book Google Scholar
Coventry, W. L., & Keller, M. C. (2005). Estimating the extent of parameter bias in the classical twin design: A comparison of parameter estimates from extended twin-family and classical twin designs. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 8(03), 214–223. Article Google Scholar
Cushman, F. (2013). Action, outcome, and value: A dual-system framework for morality. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 17(3), 273–292. Article Google Scholar
Cushman, F., Young, L., & Hauser, M. (2006). The role of conscious reasoning and intuition in moral judgment: Testing three principles of harm. Psychological Science, 17(12), 1082–1089. Article Google Scholar
Darwin, C. (1859). On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: J. Murray. Book Google Scholar
Dunkel, C. S., Nedelec, J. L., & van der Linden, D. (2018). Using monozygotic twin differences to examine the relationship between parental affection and personality: A life history account. Evolution and Human Behavior, 39(1), 52–58. Article Google Scholar
Eaves, L. J. (1977). Inferring the causes of human variation. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, A, 140(3), 324–355. Article Google Scholar
Evans, J. S. B. (2008). Dual-processing accounts of reasoning, judgment, and social cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 255–278. Article Google Scholar
Foot, P. (1967). The problem of abortion and the doctrine of double effect. Oxford Review, 5, 5-15. Reprinted in Virtues and Vices and Other Essays in Moral Philosophy (Oxford: Blackwell, 1978).
Friesen, A. (2019). Generational change? The effects of family, age, and time on moral foundations. The Forum, 17(1), 121–140. Article Google Scholar
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. (2009). Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1029–1046. Article Google Scholar
Graham, J., Nosek, B. A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P. H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10(2), 366–385. Article Google Scholar
Greene, J. D. (2013). Moral tribes: Emotion, reason, and the gap between us and them. London: Atlantic Books. Google Scholar
Greene, J. D., & Haidt, J. (2002). How (and where) does moral judgment work? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6(12), 517–523. Article Google Scholar
Greene, J. D., Sommerville, R. B., Nystrom, L. E., Darley, J. M., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). An fMRI investigation of emotional engagement in moral judgment. Science, 293(5537), 2105–2108. Article Google Scholar
Greene, J. D., Cushman, F. A., Stewart, L. E., Lowenberg, K., Nystrom, L. E., & Cohen, J. D. (2009). Pushing moral buttons: The interaction between personal force and intention in moral judgment. Cognition, 111(3), 364–371. Article Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108(4), 814–834. Article Google Scholar
Haidt, J. (2012). The righteous mind: Why good people are divided by politics and religion. New York: Vintage Books. Google Scholar
Haidt, J., & Joseph, C. (2011). How moral foundations theory succeeded in building on sand: A response to Suhler and Churchland. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2117–2122. Article Google Scholar
Hatemi, P. K., Funk, C. L., Medland, S. E., Maes, H. M., Silberg, J. L., Martin, N. G., & Eaves, L. J. (2009). Genetic and environmental transmission of political attitudes over a life time. The Journal of Politics, 71(03), 1141–1156. Article Google Scholar
Hatemi, P. K., Smith, K. B., Alford, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hibbing, J. R. (2015). The genetic and environmental foundations of political, psychological, social, and economic behaviors: A panel study of twins and families. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 18, 243–255. Article Google Scholar
Hatemi, P. K., Crabtree, C., & Smith, K. B. (2019). Ideology justifies morality: Political beliefs predict moral foundations. Am J Pol Sci, 63(4), 788–806. Article Google Scholar
Hauser, M. D. (2006). Moral minds: The nature of right and wrong. New York: HarperCollins. Google Scholar
Iurino, K., & Saucier, G. (2020). Testing measurement invariance of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire across 27 countries. Assessment, 27(2), 365–372.
Jinks, J. L., & Fulker, D. W. (1970). Comparison of the biometrical genetical, MAVA, and classical approaches to the analysis of human behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 73(5), 311–349. Article Google Scholar
Kahane, G. (2015). Sidetracked by trolleys: Why sacrificial moral dilemmas tell us little (or nothing) about utilitarian judgment. Social Neuroscience, 10(5), 551–560. Article Google Scholar
Kahane, G., Everett, J. A., Earp, B. D., Farias, M., & Savulescu, J. (2015). “Utilitarian” judgments in sacrificial moral dilemmas do not reflect impartial concern for the greater good. Cognition, 134, 193–209. Article Google Scholar
Kendler, K. S., & Gardner, C. O. (1998). Twin studies of adult psychiatric and substance dependence disorders: Are they biased by differences in the environmental experiences of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in childhood and adolescence? Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 625–633. Article Google Scholar
Knafo-Noam, A., Uzefovsky, F., Israel, S., Davidov, M., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2015). The prosocial personality and its facets: Genetic and environmental architecture of mother-reported behavior of 7-year-old twins. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 112. Article Google Scholar
Knopik, V. S., Neiderheiser, J., DeFries, J. C., & Plomin, R. (2017). Behavioral genetics (7th ed.). New York: Worth. Google Scholar
Larsson, H., Andershed, H., & Lichtenstein, P. (2006). A genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 221–230. Article Google Scholar
Mather, K., & Jinks, J. L. (1971). Biometrical genetics: The study of continuous variation (2nd rev. ed.). Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
McDonald, M. M., Defever, A. M., & Navarrete, C. D. (2017). Killing for the greater good: Action aversion and the emotional inhibition of harm in moral dilemmas. Evolution and Human Behavior, 38(6), 770–778. Article Google Scholar
Mitchell, K. S., Mazzeo, S. E., Bulik, C. M., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., & Neale, M. C. (2007). An investigation of a measure of twins’ equal environments. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 10(6), 840–847. Article Google Scholar
Mrazek, A. J., Chiao, J. Y., Blizinsky, K. D., Lun, J., & Gelfand, M. J. (2013). The role of culture–gene coevolution in morality judgment: Examining the interplay between tightness–looseness and allelic variation of the serotonin transporter gene. Culture and Brain, 1(2–4), 100–117. Article Google Scholar
Neale, M. C., & Cardon, L. R. (1992). Methodology for genetic studies of twins and families. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Book Google Scholar
Neale, M. C., Boker, S. M., Xie, G., & Maes, H. H. (2003). Mx: Statistical modeling (6th ed.). Richmond.
Polderman, T. J., Benyamin, B., De Leeuw, C. A., Sullivan, P. F., Van Bochoven, A., Visscher, P. M., et al. (2015). Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nature Genetics, 47(7), 702–709. Article Google Scholar
Ramos, A., Griffin, A., Neiderhiser, J., & Reiss, D. (2017). Did I inherit my moral compass? Behavior Genetics, 47, 672–673. Google Scholar
Rushton, J. P. (2004). Genetic and environmental contributions to pro-social attitudes: A twin study of social responsibility. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences, 271(1557), 2583–2585. Article Google Scholar
Shenhav, A., Rand, D., & Greene, J. D. (2016). The relationship between intertemporal choice and following the path of least resistance across choices, preferences, and beliefs. Judgment and Decision Making, 12(1), 1–18.
Smith, K., Alford, J. R., Hibbing, J. R., Martin, N. G., & Hatemi, P. K. (2017). Intuitive ethics and political orientations: Testing moral foundations as a theory of political ideology. American Journal of Politcal Science, 61(2), 424–437. Article Google Scholar
Spencer, H. (1892). Social statics. London: Williams and Norgate. Google Scholar
Stanovich, K. E. (1999). Who is rational? Studies of individual differences in reasoning. Psychology Press.
Suhler, C. L., & Churchland, P. (2011). Can innate, modular “foundations” explain morality? Challenges for Haidt's moral foundations theory. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(9), 2103–2116. Article Google Scholar
Thomson, J. J. (1976). Killing, letting die, and the trolley problem. The Monist, 59(2), 204–217. Article Google Scholar
Tornero, E., Sánchez-Romera, J. F., Morosoli, J. J., Vázquez, A., Gómez, Á., & Ordoñana, J. R. (2018). Altruistic behavior among twins. Human Nature, 29(1), 1–12. Article Google Scholar
Tybur, J. M., Lieberman, D., & Griskevicius, V. (2009). Microbes, mating, and morality: Individual differences in three functional domains of disgust. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97(1), 103–122. Article Google Scholar
Wilson, E. O. (1998). The biological basis of morality. The Atlantic Monthly, 281(4), 53–70. Google Scholar
Wright, M. J., & Martin, N. G. (2004). Brisbane adolescent twin study: Outline of study methods and research projects. Australian Journal of Psychology, 56(2), 65–78. Article Google Scholar
Zak, P. J. (2013). The moral molecule: The new science of what makes us good or evil. Random House.