homogeneous topological space (original) (raw)

Definitions

A topological space X is said to be _bihomogeneous_if for all a,b∈X there is a homeomorphism ϕ:X→Xsuch that ϕ⁢(a)=b and ϕ⁢(b)=a.

Examples

The long line (without initial point) is homogeneous, but it is not bihomogeneous as its self-homeomorphisms are all order-preserving. This can be considered a pathological example, as most homogeneous topological spaces encountered in practice are also bihomogeneous.

Every topological group is bihomogeneous. To see this, note that if G is a topological group and a,b∈G, then x↦a⁢x-1⁢b defines a homeomorphism interchanging a and b.

Every connected topological manifold without boundary is homogeneous. This is true even if we do not require our manifolds to be paracompact, as any two points share a Euclidean neighbourhood, and a suitable homeomorphism for this neighbourhood can be extended to the whole manifold. In fact, except for the long line (as mentioned above), every connected topological manifold without boundary is bihomogeneous. This is for essentially the same reason, except that the argument breaks down for 1-manifolds.