Page 171 | A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. | Making of America Books (original) (raw)

ANDREUS. ZiIagn. s. v. BidiaTiyurOos.) The name occurs in several ancient authors (Pliny, H. N. xx. 76, xxii. 19, xxxii. 27; St. Epiphanius, Adv. Haeres. i. 1. } 3, p. 3, ed. Colon. 1682; Schol. ad Aristoph. "Aves," v. 267; Schol. ad Nicand. " Theriaca," vv. 384, 823, &c.), but no other facts are related of im tVhat need be noticed here. (Le Clerc, Hist. de "a Mied; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 57, ed. Tet.; Haller, Bibliok. Botan., Chirurg., and Medic. Pract.; Sprengel, Hist. de la M1d.; Isensee, Geshichte der Med.) [W. A. G.] ANDREAS, bishop of CAESAREA in Cappadoia, probably about 500 A. n., wrote a Commentary,n the Apocalypse, which is printed in the princilal editions of Chrysostom's works. He also wrote, work entitled " Therapeutica Spiritualis," fragients of which are extant in the " Eclogae tsceticae" of John, patriarch of Antioch. (Nessel, kat. Vindob. Pt.i., cod. 276, No. 1. p. 381.) [P.S.] ANDREAS, archbishop of CRETE, was a native f Damascus. He was first a monk at Jerusalem, 7hence he is called in some ancient writings " of erusalem" ('leporoAVjALr-s, d 'lepooArXvpAwv), then deacon at Constantinople, and lastly archbishop f Crete. His time is rather doubtful, but Cave as shewn that he probably flourished as early as. D. 635. (Hist. Lit. sub ann.) In 680 he was mnt by Theodorus, the patriarch of Jerusalem, to le 6th council of Constantinople, against the lonothelites, where he was ordained a deacon. ome lambics are still extant in which he thanks 'gathe, the keeper of the documents, for commuicating to him the acts of the synod. It seems to Ave been soon after this council that he was made 'chbishop of Crete. A doubtful tradition relates iat he died on the 14th of June, 724. (Fabric. 'ibl. Grace. xi. p. 64.) The works ascribed to im, consisting of Homilies, and Triodia and other ymns, were published by Combefisius, Par. 1644, 1., and in his Actuar-Nov, Par. 1648. A " Comitus Paschalis," ascribed to Andreas, was pubshed in Greek and Latin by Petavius. (Doctr. emp. iii. p. 393.) There is great doubt as to the muineness of several of these works. [P. S.] ANDREAS, bishop of SAMOSATA, about 430 SD., took part in the Nestorian controversy rainst Cyril, patriarch of Alexandria, in answer whose anathemas he wrote two books, of the ast of which a large part is quoted by Cyril, in s Apol. adv. Orientales, and of the second some agments are contained in the Hodegus of Anastaas Sina'ita. Though prevented by illness from aing present at the council of Ephesus (A. D. 11), he joined Theodoret -in his opposition to e agreement between Cyril and John, and, like heodoret, he changed his course through fear, it at a much earlier period. About 436 he elded to the persuasions of John, and joined in e condemnation of Nestorius. Eight letters by m are extant in Latin in the " Epistolae Ephemae" of Lupus. [P. S.] ANDREOPU'LUS. [SYNTIPAS.] ANDREUS ('AvlSpeis), a son of the river-god meius in Arcadia, from whom the district about rchomenos in Boeotia was called Andreis. 'aus. ix. 34. ~ 5.) In another passage (x. 13. 3) Pausanias speaks of Andreus (it is, however, icertain whether he means the same man as the rmer) as the person who first colonized Andros. Tcording to Diodorus (v. 79) Andreus was one of e generals of Rhadamanthys, from whom he re ANDROCLUS. 171 ceived the island afterwards called Andros as a present. Stephanus of Byzantium, Conon (41), and Ovid (Met. xiv. 639), call this first colonizer of Andros, Andrus and not Andreus. [L.S.] ANDRISCUS ('Avpie-oos). 1. A man of low origin, who pretended to be a natural son of Perseus, king of Macedonia, was seized by Demetrius, king of Syria, and sent to Rome. He escaped, however, from Rome, and finding many partizans, assumed the name of Philip and obtained possession of Macedonia. His reign, which was marked by acts of cruelty, did not last much more than a year. He defeated the praetor Juventius, but was conquered by Caecilius Metellus, and conducted to Rome in chains to adorn the triumph of the latter, B. c. 148. (Liv. Epit. 49, 50, 52; Diod. Exc. xxxii. p. 590, &c., ed. Wess.; Polyb. xxxvii. Exc. Vatic. ed. Mai; Flor. ii. 14; Vellei. i. 11; Paus. vii. 13. ~ 1.) 2. A writer of uncertain date, the author of a work upon Naxos. (Athen. iii. p. 78, c.; Parthen. c. 9, 19.) ANDRO. [ANDRON.] ANDRO'BIUS, a painter, whose time and country are unknown. He painted Scyllis, the diver, cutting away the anchors of the Persian fleet. (Plin. xxxv. 40. ~ 32.) [P. S.] ANDROBU'LUS, a sculptor, celebrated as a maker of statues of philosophers. (Plin. xxxiv. 19. ~26.) [P. S.] ANDROCLEIDES ('AvIpoucA1iE s), a Theban, who was bribed by Timocrates, the emissary of Tissaphernes in n. c. 395, in order to induce t) Thebans to make war upon the Spartans, and thi bring back Agesilaus from Asia. (Xen. Hell. ii. 5.~ 1; Plut. Lys. 27; Paus. iii. 9. ~ 4.) An drocleides is mentioned in B. c. 382 as one of the leaders of the party opposed to Phoebidas, who had seized the citadel. (Xen. Hell. v. 2. ~ 31.) A'NDROCLES ('AvpoKc-As), an Athenian demagogue and orator. He was a contemporary and enemy of Alcibiades, against whom he brought forward witnesses, and spoke very vehemently in the affhir concerning the mutilation of the Hermae, B. c. 415. (Plut. Alcib. 19; Andocid. de Myster. ~ 27.) It was chiefly owing to his exertions that Alcibiades was banished. After this event, Androcles was for a time at the head of the democratical party; but during the revolution of B. c. 411, in which the democracy was overthrown, and the oligarchical government of the Four Hundred was established, Androcles was put to death. (Thuc. viii. 65.) Aristotle (Rhet. ii. 23) has preserved P sentence from one of Androcles' speeches, in whicJ he used an incorrect figure. [L. S.] ANDROCLUS, the slave of a Roman consular of whom the following story is related by Aulu Gellius (v. 14) on the authority of Appion Plistonices, who lived in the reigns of Tiberius and Caligula, and who affirmed that he himself had been a witness of the scene:-Androclus was sentenced to be exposed to the wild beasts in the circus; but a lion which was let loose upon him, instead of springing upon his victim, exhibited signs of recognition, and began licking him. Upon inquiry it appeared that Androclus had been compelled by the severity of his master, while in Africa, to run away from him. Having one day taken refuge in a cave from the heat of the sun, a lion entered, apparently in great pain, and seeing him, went up to him and held out his paw. An