Afghanistan (original) (raw)

Afghanistan

1881 - c.1901	c.1901 - 1919	1919 - 1921; 14-17 Jan 1929
1921 - Jun 1928	Jun 1928 - 2 Sep 1928	2 Sep 1928 - 14/17 Jan 1929
17 Jan 1929 - 13 Oct 1929	13 Oct 1929 - 31 Oct 1931	31 Oct 1931 - 17 Jul 1973
17 Jul 1973 - 9 May 1974	9 May 1974 - 27 Apr 1978	27 Apr 1978 - 19 Oct 1978
19 Oct 1978 - 21 Apr 1980	21 Apr 1980 - 30 Nov 1987	30 Nov 1987 - 27 Apr 1992
27 Apr 1992 - 2 Dec 1992 (provisional)	2 Dec 1992 - 27 Sep 1996, 13 Nov 2001-27 Jan 2002 (27 Sep 1996 - 7 Dec 2001 UN recognized Govt. Flag)	3 Apr 1996 - 27 Oct 1997 Taliban Flag
27 Oct 1997 - 7 Dec 2001 Taliban Flag	27 Jan 2002 - 4 Jan 2004	27 Jun 2002 - 4 Jan 2004 Official Variant
4 Jan 2004 - 15 Aug 2021	Adopted 15 Aug 2021

Map of Afghanistan	Hear National Anthem "Daa dae baatoraano kor" (This is the Home of the Brave) (1996-2001, from 15 Aug 2021 [a cappella, no instruments]) ------------------------------- Former National Anthem "Milli Surood" (National Anthem) (14 May 2006-15 Aug 2021) ------------------------------- Former National Anthem "Soroud-e Melli" (National Anthem) (1992-1999, 2002-2006)	Hear Former Anthem "Soroud-e Melli" (National Anthem) (1978-1992) ------------------------------------ Former Anthem "Soroud-e Melli" (National Anthem) (1973-1978) -------------------------------------- Former Anthem "Loya Salami" (Grand Salute) (1943-1973) -------------------------------------- Former Anthem (1926-1943) (Royal Salute)	Constitution (26 Jan 2004 - 15 Aug 2021) ------------------------------ Former Constitutions (1923, 1963, 1976, 1987, 1990)
Capital: Kabul (Taliban: Kandahar 3 Apr - 27 Sep 1996, 13 Nov - 7 Dec 2001; N. Alliance: Mazar-i Sharif 27 Sep 1996 - 13 Nov 2001) (winter Peshawar 1776-1818; summer Kandahar [Ahmadshahi] 1747-1774)	Currency: Afghani (AFN); Afghanistan Rupee (AFR) 1881-1927	National Holiday: 19 Aug (1919) Independence Day -------------------------------------- and (2004-21): 28 Apr (1992) Mujahideen Victory Day	Population: 40,121,552 (2024)
GDP: 60.8billion(2021)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:60.8 billion (2021)	Exports: 60.8billion(2021)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:1.47 billion (2020) Imports: $6.98 billion (2020) note: not including illicit exports or re-exports	Ethnic groups: Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, Aimak 4%, Turkmen 3%, Baloch 2%, others 4% (2004) note: current statistical data on ethnicity are not available. Afghanistan's 2004 constitution cited 14 ethnic groups: Pashtun, Tajik, Hazara, Uzbek, Turkman, Baluch, Pashaie, Nuristani, Aymaq, Arab, Qirghiz, Qizilbash, Gujur, and Brahwui ethnicities; Afghanistan has dozens of other small ethnic groups.
Total Afghan Armed Forces: 170,000 (2024) Merchant marine: None (2024)	Religions: Muslim 99.7% (Sunni 84.7-89.7%, Shi'a 10-15%), other 0.3% (2009)
International Organizations/Treaties: ADB,AIIB,APA, APM, BTWC, CCM, CICA, CP, CSTO (observer), CTBT, CWC, ECO, EITI (suspended), ENMOD, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD (suspended), ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF (suspended), Interpol, Intersputnik, IOC, IOM, IPU (observer), IRENA, ISA (observer), ISESCO, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM,NATO (global partner)(suspended), NPT, NTBT, OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), OST, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNCLOS (signatory), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Afghanistan Index	Chronology 1504 Divided between the Moghul Empire (Kabul) and Persia (Herat) with control of Kandahar alternating between them. 21 Apr 1709 Mir Wais frees Kandahar from Persian rule. 12 Oct 1722 - 25 Apr 1725 Afghans under Mir Mahmud occupy Isfahan in Persia 12 Mar 1738 Persia under Nadir Shah reasserts control over Kandahar, renamed Nadirabad; Kabul (from 19 Jun 1738), Herat (already from 22 Aug 1731) and Lahore (from 12 Jan 1739). Jul 1747 Independence (Emirate [or Kingdom] of Afghanistan) under Kabul; but supremacy is contested from Herat (1797, 1818-19, 1819-56, 1857-63, 1863-68, 1880-81); Kandahar (1772, 1793, 1804-05, 1808, 1809, 1819-58, 1863-68, 1880-81); Ghazni (1879-80); and Peshawar (1801, 1818-23). 25 Apr 1839 - 6 Jan 1842 British India intervention (taking Kabul 7 Aug 1839). 22 Nov 1878 - 22 Apr 1881 British India occupation (in Kabul 12 Oct-14 Dec 1879 and 24 Dec 1879-22 Jul 1880). 19 Mar 1880 - 19 Aug 1919 British manage foreign affairs by mutual agreement (formally by 21 Mar 1905 Treaty of Kabul; formally ended by Treaty of Kabul 22 Nov 1921,ratified on 6 Feb 1922). 2 Oct 1881 Re-integration of Herat. 10 Sep 1885 North-western border defined by Russia - U.K. protocol (not accepted by Afghanistan until 12 Nov 1893). 19 Aug 1919 Independence celebrated (proclaimed 13 Apr 1919). 9 Apr 1923 Exalted State of Afghanistan 17 Jul 1973 Afghanistan (proclaimed a republic in accordance with a declaration of 17 Jul 1973). 26 Jul 1973 - 28 Apr 1978 Republican State of Afghanistan 28 Apr 1978 Constitution of 1977 is abrogated in accordance with the declarations of the Military Revolutionary Council. 30 Apr 1978 Democratic Republic of Afghanistan 27 Dec 1979 - 15 Feb 1989 Invasion and occupation by the Soviet Union. 30 Nov 1987 Republic of Afghanistan 28 Apr 1992 - 22 Dec 2001 Islamic State of Afghanistan (from 27 Sep 1996, largely retaining international recognition). 4 Apr 1996 Taliban proclaim Mullah Mohammad Omar as Commander of the Faithful (Amir al-Mo�menin) in Kandahar. 4 Apr 1996 - 26 Oct 1997 Islamic State of Afghanistan. 27 Sep 1996 Taliban enter Kabul. 26 Oct 1997 - 7 Dec 2001 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (state name changed in accordance with a guidance of Amir al-Mo�menin of 13 Oct 1997)(not internationally recognized). 19 Oct 2001 - 22 Dec 2001 Invasion and occupation by U.S. and NATO forces. 13 Nov 2001 Kabul falls to the Northern Alliance,Kandahar falls to U.S. forces on 7 Dec 2001. 22 Dec 2001 Inauguration of the Interim Administration of Afghanistan at ceremony Kabul. 22 Dec 2001 Afghanistan 19 Jun 2002 Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 7 Dec 2004 Islamic Republic of Afghanistan 15 Aug 2021 Polity ceases to exist de facto with the occupation of Kabul by the armed forces of the Taliban; remaining U.S. and NATO forces depart 30 Aug 2021. 15 Aug 2021 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (restored).
Afghanistan (since 1880)
Kabul (1747-1901)
Herat (1747-1881)
Kandahar (1708-1881)
Peshawar (1747-1823)
Exile Government (1988-1992)
Other Former Afghan Polities
Andkhui (c.1730-1880)
Badakhshan (1657-1873)
Ghurian (1804-1816)
Konduz (1647-1888)
Khulm (Kholm) (c.1800-1849)
Maimana (c.1731-1892)
Sar-i-Pul (c.1800-1875)
Shibarghan (1747-1875)
1849 Map of Afghanistan

Note: Before 1881 there were essentially three additional rulers' capitals contending for supremacy over the national capital Kabul and the Afghan state: Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar (the last now in Pakistan). All rulers of Kabul, Herat, Kandahar, and Peshawar belong belong to the Abdali tribal group, whose name was changed to Durrani (Dorrani) on the accession of Ahmad Shah. They belong either to the Saddozay segment of the Popalzay clan (typically with the style padshah [king]) or to the Mohammadzay segment of the Barakzay clan (typically with the style Amir, in full Amir al-Mo�menin [Leader of the Faithful]). The Mohammadzay also furnished the Saddozay kings frequently with top counselors, who served occasionally as regents, identified with the epithet Mohammadzay.

Kabul

[Afghanistan
1881-1901]
1881 - c.1901

Great Kings of Afghanistan (Padshah)
Jul 1747 - 4 Jun 1772 Ahmad Shah "Durr-i Durran" (b. 1722 - d. 1772)
5 Jun 1772 - Aug 1772 Sulayman Shah
Aug 1772 - 19 May 1793 Timur Shah (b. 1746 - d. 1793)
24? May 1793 - 24 Jul 1801 Zaman Shah (b. c.1767 - d. 1845)
24 Jul 1801 - Jul 1803 Mahmud Shah (1st time) (b. c.1769 - d. 1829)
13 Jul 1803 - 1809 Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (1st time) (b. 1785 - d. 1842)
1807 - 1808 Qaysar Shah (in rebellion)
3 May 1809 - 1826 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1818 Sultan `Ali Shah (d. 1819)
1818 - 1829 Ayyub Shah (d. 1837)
1823 Habibollah Shah
1823 - 1826 Sultan Mohammad Khan (b. 1795 - d. 1861)
Mohammadzay -Regent
1826 - 1836 Dost Mohammad Khan (b. 1792 - d. 1863)
Mohammadzay -Regent
1829 - 1842 Kamran Shah (d. 1842)
Emir
1836 - 2 Aug 1839 Dost Mohammad Khan (1st time) (s.a.)
(exiled Aug 1839-Aug 1840 to Bukhara, 12 Nov 1840-Apr 1843 India)
Kings
8 May 1839 - 6 Apr 1842 Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1841 - Apr 1842 Mohammad Zaman Khan
Mohammadzay -**Regent**
(in rebellion)
Apr 1842 - 12 Oct 1842 Fath Jang Shah (d. 1855)
12 Oct 1842 - Apr 1843 Shahpur Shah (d. 1884)
**Emirs** Apr/May 1843 - 9 Jun 1863 Dost Mohammad Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
12 Jun 1863 - 25 May 1866 Shir `Ali Khan (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1879)
(entered Kabul Sep 1863; lost control of Kabul Mar 1866-11 Sep 1868)
25 May 1866 - 4 Oct 1867 Mohammad Afzal Khan (b. 1811 - d. 1867)
(extended control to Kandahar in Jan 1867)
11 Oct 1867 - Oct 1868 Mohammad A`zam Khan (b. 1818 - d. 1869)
(lost control of Kabul 21 Aug 1868, fled country Oct 1868)
11 Sep 1868 - 22 Feb 1879 Shir `Ali Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
(entered Kabul 11 Sep 1868; fled to Mazar-i Sharif on 13 Dec 1878)
28 Feb 1879 - 28 Oct 1879 Mohammad Ya`qub Khan (b. 1849 - d. 1923)
1879 - 31 Mar 1880 Mohammad Jan -Minister-regent (b. .... - d. 1880)
British General Officer Commanding, Kabul Field Force
28 Oct 1879 - 2 May 1880 Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts (b. 1832 - d. 1914)
General Officer Commanding, Northern Afghanistan Field Force
2 May 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Sir Donald Martin Stewart (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
Emirs
20/27 Dec 1879-20 Apr 1880 Musa Jan Khan (b. 1868 - d. 1951)
(proclaimed ruler in Ghazni, Ghazni occupied by U.K. army 20 Apr 1880)
20 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdul Rahman Khan (b. 1844 - d. 1901)
(recognized by U.K. on 22 Jul 1880)

Chief ministers (Wazir-i-azam)
1747 - 1773 Bagi Khan Salihzai Bamizai
(Shah Wali Khan)
1773 - 1774 Sardar Rahim Dad Khan Sultan
Muhammad Barakzay
(chief of royal secretariat)
177. - 1793 Payinda Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay)(b. c.1728 - d. 1798)
Sarfraz Khan
1793 - 1801 Rahmatullah Khan Kamran Khel
Sadozai (Wafadar Khan)
1801 � 1803 Fateh Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay) (b. 1780 � d. 1818)
(1st time)
1803 - 1808 Shir Mohammad Khan (d. 1808)
1808 - 1809 Nawab Mohammad `Uman Khan
1809 - 1817 Fateh Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay) (s.a.)
(2nd time)
1818 Dost Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay (s.a.)
1818 - 1823 Mohammad `Azim Khan (b. 1785 - d. 1823)
1823 Habibollah Khan
1823 - 1824 Yar Mohammad Khan Alikozay (b. c.1790 - d. 1851)
1824 - 1826 Soltan Mohammad Khan Mohammadzay (s.a.)
1826? - 1839 Mirza Sami Khan
1839 - 1840 Mullah Shakur Ishakzai
1840 - 1842 Mohammad `Usman Khan Sadozay (b. 1798 - d. 1865)
1841 - May 1842 Aminullah Khan Logari
(in rebellion, with Mohammad Zaman Khan)
May 1842 - Sep 1842 Mohammad Akbar Khan (b. 1816 - d. 1847)
Oct 1842 - Dec 1842 Gholam Mohammad Khan Bamizai
+ Khan Shirin Khan Jawansher
1842 - c.1848? Mohammad Akbar Khan (d. c.1848)
c.1848? - 1855 Gholam Haydar Khan (b. 18.. - d. 1858)
1855 - 1863 ....
1863 - 18.. Mohammad Rafiq Khan
c.1869 - 1878 Sayyid Nur Mohammad Khan (d. 1878)
c.1878 - 1880 Mirza Mohammad Hassan Khan
British Chief Political Officer
19 Mar 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Lepel Henry Griffin (Griffin Sahib)(b. 1838 - d. 1908)
(appointed 30 Jan 1880, arrived 19 Mar 1880)

Regional Rulers: Herat

[Herat flag,
c.1829 - 1863 (Afghanistan)] c.1829 - 26 May 1863

25 Oct 1856 - 24 May 1857 Direct rule of military authorities of Persia, occupying Herat.

Persian Governor

1695 - 1708 Sultan Abdullah Khan Abdali (b. 1670 - d. 1721)
Shah (in rebellion against Persia)
1708 - Aug 1712 Abdullah Khan (s.a.)
Persian Governors
16 Oct 1712 - 4 Oct 1720 Shahzada Assadullah Khan Abdali (b. 1687 - d. 1720)
15 Jul 1722 - Aug 1724 Shahzada Muhammad Khan Abdali (d. 1750)
Aug 1724 - 21 Apr 1730 Allah Yar Khan Abdali (1st time)
21 Apr 1730 - Jul 1731 Sardar Zulfikhar Khan Abdali (d. af.1738)
Jul 1731 - 27 Feb 1732 Allah Yar Khan Abdali (2nd time)

Great Kings of Afghanistan (in dissidence, at Herat)
Jul 1747 - 1797 see Kabul
Jan? 1797 - Sep/Oct 1797 Mahmud Shah (1st time) (d. c.1829)
1797 - 1818 see Kabul
1818 - 1819 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1819 see Kandahar
1819 - 1826 Mahmud Shah (3rd time) (s.a.)
1829 - 1842 Kamran Shah (d. 1842)
1842 - 1 Jun 1851 Yar Mohammad Khan (b. c.1790 - d. 1851)
Alikozay -Minister-regent
1 Jun 1851 - 15 Sep 1855 Sayyed Mohammad Khan (d. 1855)
Alikozay -Minister-regent
15 Sep 1855 - Jun 1856 Mohammad Yusuf Khan (d. 1857)
Mohammadzay -Regent
Jun 1856 - Oct 1856 Isa Khan Bardorani -Minister-regent
Oct 1856 - 27 Jul 1857 occupied by Persia
Emirs of Afghanistan (in opposition, at Herat)
27 Jul 1857 - 26 May 1863 Sultan Ahmad Khan (d. 1863)
26 May 1863 - 9 Jun 1863 see Kabul
9 Jun 1863 - 8 Sep 1868 Shir `Ali Khan (b. 1825 - d. 1879)
8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see Kabul
Mar 1880 - 2 Oct 1881 Mohammad Ayyub Khan (b. 1855 - d. 1914)

Chief ministers (Wazir)

1801 - 1818 Fateh Khan Mohammadzay (Barakzay) (s.a.)
1818 - 1828/29 Ata Mohammad Khan
1828/29 - Mar 1842 Yar Mohammad Khan Alikozay (s.a.)

Kandahar (Qandahar)

[Afghanistan
(Kandahar) 1880-1881] c.1881

11 May 1880 The province of Kandahar is detached from the domains of the former
Muhammadzai rulers as a de facto separate polity upon the
installation of a ruler titled wali approved by the government of
British India and recognized by the British crown.
11 May 1880 - 21 Apr 1881 Kandahar (Qandahar).
21 Apr 1881 Sovereignty of Kandahar was rescinded when the city and citadel of
Kandahar were transferred from the military officials of British
India to the officials of Abdul Rahman Khan.

Persian Governors
May 1704 - 21 Apr 1709 Gorgin Khan (= Giorgi XI of Kartli) (b. 1651 - d. 1709)
Nov 1709 - 26 Oct 1711 Ki-Khosrow (= Kaikhosro of Kartli) (b. c.1674 - d. 1711)
21 Apr 1709 - 1715 Mir Wais Khan Hotaki (b. c.1673 - d. 1715)
(in rebellion to 1711)
1715 (6 months) Mir Abdollah Khan Hotaki (d. 1715)
1715 - 1722 Mahmud Shah Hotaki (b. c.1699 - d. 1725)
1722 - 12 Mar 1738 Hussain Sultan Khan Hotaki (d. 1738)

Great Kings **of Afghanistan (in opposition, at Kandahar)
Jul 1747 - Aug 1772 see Kabul
Aug 1772 - 1772 Sulayman Shah
1772 - May 1793 see Kabul

May 1793 - Sep/Oct 1793 Humayun Shah (1st time)

Sep/Oct 1793-Sep/Oct 1794 see Kabul
Sep/Oct 1794-6/7 Jan 1795 Humayun Shah (2nd time)

6/7 Jan 1795 - 1806 see Kabul

1803 - 1804 Qaysar Shah

1804 - 1805 Kamran Shah
1805 - 1808 see Kabul
1808 Mahmud Shah (1st time) (d. 1829)
1808 - 1809 see Kabul
1809 - 3 May 1809 Mahmud Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
3 May 1809 - 1818 see Kabul
1819 - 1826 Shirdil Khan Mohammadzay -Regent (b. c.1786 - d. 1826)
1826 - 1839 Purdil Khan Mohammadzay -Regent (b. c.1785 - d. 183.)
Apr 1839 - 5 Apr 1842 Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (s.a.)
May 1842 - 1842 Safdar Jang Khan Saddozay -**Regent**
1842 - Aug 1855 Kohandil Khan Mohammadzay -**Regent** (b. c.1792 - d. 1855)
Aug 1855 - Nov 1855 Mohammad Sadeq Khan
Mohammadzay -**Regent**
Nov 1855 - Jul 1858 Ghulam Haydar Khan (b. 18.. - d. 1858)
Mohammadzay -**Regent**
Jul 1858 - 9 Jun 1863 **see Kabul**
**Emirs of Afghanistan** (in opposition, at Kandahar)
1863 - 1865 Mohammad Amin Khan (b. 18.. - d. 1865)
1865 - Jan 1867 Shir `Ali Khan (1st time) (b. 1825 - d. 1879)
Jan 1867 - 7 Oct 1867 Mohammad Afzal Khan (b. 1811 - d. 1867)
7 Oct 1867 - Apr 1868 Mohammad A`zam Khan (b. 1818 - d. 1869)
Apr 1868 - 8 Sep 1868 Shir `Ali Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Sep 1868 - 12 Oct 1879 see Kabul
1880 - 21 Apr 1881 Shir `Ali Khan (d. 1897)

Barakzay -Minister-regent
21 Apr 1881 - 20 Jul 1881 see Kabul
20 Jul 1881 - 22 Sep 1881 Mohammad Ayyub Khan (s.a.)

Peshawar

1747 Part of Afghanistan.

8 May 1758 - 1759 Occupied by Maratha Empire.

1818 - 1822 Peshawar valley a Sikh vassal.
6 May 1834 Independent rule is rescinded after the capture of the citadel
of Peshawar by the armed forces of the Sikhs (see Punjab under

Indian Princely states).

Great Kings of Afghanistan (in opposition, at Peshawar)
Jul 1747 - Aug 1801 see Kabul
Aug 1801 - Sep 1801 Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (1st time) (s.a.)
Sep 1801 - 1818 **see Kabul**
1818 Ayyub Shah (1st time) (d. 1837)
1818 Shuja` al-Mulk Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)
1818 - 1829 Ayyub Shah (2nd time) (s.a.)

Afghanistan

General Secretaries of the People's Democratic (Communist) Party of Afghanistan (HDK)
1 May 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki (b. 1917 - d. 1979)
16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah Amin (b. 1929 - d. 1979)
27 Dec 1979 - 4 May 1986 Babrak Karmal (= Sultan Hussain) (b. 1929 - d. 1996)
4 May 1986 - 28 Jun 1990 Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzay (b. 1947 - d. 1996)

Commanders of the Faithful (style Amir al-Mu'minin)(de facto Rulers)
4 Apr 1996 - 13 Nov 2001 Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund (b. 1960 - d. 2013) Tal
(continues in rebellion to 23 Apr 2013)
29 Jul 2015 - 21 May 2016 Akhtar Mohammad Mansour (b. c.1968 - d. 2016)Tal
(in rebellion)
15 Aug 2021 - Mullah Hibatullah Akhundzada (b. c.1960) Tal
(in rebellion from 25 May 2016)

Emirs�
20 Jul 1880 - 3 Oct 1901 Abdul Rahman Khan (b. 1844 - d. 1901)
(proclaimed at assembly in Charikar 20 Jul 1880;
recognized by the U.K. on 22 Jul 1880)
Apr 1887 - 16 Jun 1887 Timur Shah Khan Ghilzay (d. 1887)
(in rebellion, at Herat)
1 Aug 1887 - 29 Sep 1887 Sardar Mohammad Ishaq Khan (b. c.1851 - d. 1894)
(in rebellion, at Balkh)
14 Aug 1887 - Sep 1887 Mohammad Ayyub Khan (b. 1855 - d. 1914)
(in rebellion, at Herat)
3 Oct 1901 - 20 Feb 1919 Habibullah Khan (b. 1872 - d. 1919)
20 Feb 1919 - 27 Feb 1919 Nasrullah Khan (b. 1875 - d. 1920)
(recognized by notables in Jalalabad 20 Feb 1919,
publicly proclaimed 21 Feb 1919, abdicated 27 Feb 1919)
21 Feb 1919 - 9 Jun 1926 Amanullah Khan (b. 1892 - d. 1960)
(recognized by notables in Kabul 21 Feb 1919)
Kings�
9 Jun 1926 - 14 Jan 1929 Amanullah Shah (s.a.)
14 Jan 1929 - 17 Jan 1929 Inayatullah Shah (b. 1888 - d. 1946)
(publicly proclaimed 14 Jan 1929, abdicated 17 Jan 1919)
Emirs�
14 Dec 1928 - 13 Oct 1929 Habibullah "Ghazi" (b. 1890? - d. 1929)
(recognized at a meeting outside Kabul 14 Dec 1928,
publicly proclaimed in Kabul 16 Jan 1929)
c.23 Jan 1929-28 Feb 1929 Ali Ahmad Khan (1st time) (b. 1883 - d. 1929)
(in rebellion, at Jalalabad)
Jan 1929 - 23 May 1929 Amanullah Khan -King� (s.a.)
(in rebellion, at Kandahar)
23 May 1929 - 1 Jun 1929 Ali Ahmad Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
(in rebellion, at Kandahar)
1929 - 15 Oct 1929 Mohammad Nadir Khan (b. 1880 - d. 1933)
(in rebellion, at Khost)
Kings�
15 Oct 1929 - 8 Nov 1933 Mohammad Nadir Shah (s.a.)
8 Nov 1933 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Zahir Shah (b. 1914 - d. 2007)
(from 15 Jun 2002, styled "Baba-i millat-i Afghan"
[Father of the Afghan Nation])
President
18 Jul 1973 - 15 Feb 1977 Mohammad Daud Khan Mohammadzay (b. 1909 - d. 1978) Ind;1976 NRP
State President
15 Feb 1977 - 27 Apr 1978 Mohammad Daud Khan Mohammadzay (s.a.) NRP
Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Council of the National Armed Forces of Afghanistan
27 Apr 1978 - 30 Apr 1978 Abdul Qadir Dagarwal (b. 1944 - d. 2014) Mil
Presidents of the Revolutionary Council
30 Apr 1978 - 16 Sep 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki (s.a.) HDK
16 Sep 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah Amin (s.a.) HDK
Chairmen of the Presidium of the Revolutionary Council and Presidents of the Revolutionary Council
27 Dec 1979 - 20 Nov 1986 Babrak Karmal (s.a.) HDK
20 Nov 1986 - 30 Sep 1987 Mohammad Shamkani (acting) (b. 1947 - d. 2012) Non-party
30 Sep 1987 - 30 Nov 1987 Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzay (s.a.) HDK
Presidents
30 Nov 1987 - 16 Apr 1992 Mohammad Najibullah Ahmadzay (s.a.) HDK;1990 HW
18 Apr 1992 - 28 Apr 1992 Abdul Rahim Hatif (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2013) HW
President of the Jihad Council and Representative
28 Apr 1992 - 28 Jun 1992 Sibghatullah Mojaddedi (b. 1925 - d. 2019) JNM
President of the Leadership Council and President
6 May 1992 - 2 Jan 1993 Burhanuddin Rabbani (b. 1940 - d. 2011) JIA
(in dissidence to 28 June 1992)
President 2 Jan 1993 - 22 Dec 2001 Burhanuddin Rabbani (s.a.) JIA;+ 1997
(in rebellion 27 Sep 1996 - 13 Nov 2001, UINFSA
largely retaining international recognition)
Heads of the Supreme Council2
27 Sep 1996 - 16 Apr 2001 Mullah Mohammad Rabbani Akhund (b. 1955 - d. 2001) Tal
16 Apr 2001 - 13 Nov 2001 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul Kabir (b. c.1960) Tal
(acting)
Chairman of the Interim Administration
22 Dec 2001 - 19 Jun 2002 Hamid Karzay (b. 1957) Non-party
Presidents
19 Jun 2002 - 29 Sep 2014 Hamid Karzay (s.a.) Non-party
29 Sep 2014 - 15 Aug 2021 Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzay (b. 1949) Non-party
(fled country 15 Aug 2021)
9 Mar 2020 - 17 May 2020 Abdullah Abdullah (b. 1960) IM
(in dissidence)
17 Aug 2021 - 6 Sep 2021 Amrullah Saleh (acting) (b. 1972) BM
(in Panjshir, in dissidence)
Heads of the Interim Government2
7 Sep 2021 - Mullah Mohammad Hasan Akhund (b. 1953?) Tal
(interim)
17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul Kabir (s.a.) Tal
(acting for Hasan)

Chief ministers (Wa _zir_s)1892 - 1901 Mir Abdul Kasim
1905 - 1916 Sardar Abdul Kuddus Khan (b. 1842 - d. 1928)
1916 Ali Ahmad Khan Barakzay (b. 1883 - d. 1929?)
+ Sardar Mohammad Sulaiman Khan (b. bf.1880 - d. 1928)
(acting)
1916 - 20 Feb 1919 Nasrullah Khan (s.a.)
Prime ministers
Mar 1919 - 25 Oct 1927 Sardar Abdul Kuddus Khan (s.a.) Non-party
25 Oct 1927 - 17 Jan 1929 Sardar Shir Ahmad "Sura-i Milli" (b. 1883 - d. 1929) Non-party
17 Jan 1929 - 14 Nov 1929 Vacant
14 Nov 1929 - 9 May 1946 Sardar Mohammad Hashim Khan (b. 1884 - d. 1953) Non-party
9 May 1946 - 20 Sep 1953 Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan Gazi (b. 1887 - d. 1959) Non-party
20 Sep 1953 - 14 Mar 1963 Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan (s.a.) Non-party
Mohammadzay
14 Mar 1963 - 2 Nov 1965 Mohammad Yusuf (b. 1917 - d. 1998) Non-party
2 Nov 1965 - 11 Oct 1967 Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal (b. 1919 - d. 1973) Non-party
11 Oct 1967 - 1 Nov 1967 Abdullah Yaqta (interim) (b. 1914 - d. 2003) Non-party
1 Nov 1967 - 9 Jun 1971 Mohammad Nur Ahmad Etemadi (b. 1921 - d. 1979) Non-party
9 Jun 1971 - 12 Dec 1972 Abdul Zahir (b. 1910 - d. 1982) Non-party
12 Dec 1972 - 17 Jul 1973 Mohammad Musa Shafiq (b. 1932 - d. 1979) Non-party
17 Jul 1973 - 27 Apr 1978 Post ab olished
1 May 1978 - 27 Mar 1979 Nur Mohammad Taraki (s.a.) HDK
27 Mar 1979 - 27 Dec 1979 Hafizullah Amin (s.a.) HDK
27 Dec 1979 - 11 Jun 1981 Babrak Karmal (s.a.) HDK
11 Jun 1981 - 26 May 1988 Sultan Ali Keshtmand (1st time) (b. 1935) HDK
26 May 1988 - 21 Feb 1989 Mohammad Hasan Sharq (b. 1925) Non-party
21 Feb 1989 - 8 May 1990 Sultan Ali Keshtmand (2nd time) (s.a.) HDK
8 May 1990 - 15 Apr 1992 Fazl al-Haqq Khaliqyar (b. 1934 - d. 2004) HDK;6-1990 HW
15 Apr 1992 - 6 Jul 1992 Vacant
6 Jul 1992 - 15 Aug 1992 Abdul Sabur Farid Kohistani (b. 1952 - d. 2007) HIA-G
15 Aug 1992 - 17 Jun 1993 Vacant
17 Jun 1993 - 28 Jun 1994 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (1st time) (b. 1949) HIA-G
28 Jun 1994 - 16 Nov 1995 Arsala Rahmani Daulat (acting) (b. 1937 - d. 2012) IT
16 Nov 1995 - 26 Jun 1996 Ahmad Shah Ahmadzay (acting) (b. 1944 - d. 2021) IT
26 Jun 1996 - 27 Sep 1996 Gulbuddin Hekmatyar (2nd time) (s.a.) HIA-G
(continues under Burhanuddin Rabbani to 11 Aug 1997)
11 Aug 1997 - 21 Aug 1997 Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai (b. 1947? - d. 1997) UINFSA
(under Burhanuddin Rabbani)
21 Aug 1997 - 30 Sep 1997 Mohammad Ali Jawid (acting) (b. 1950) HIA
(under Burhanuddin Rabbani)
30 Sep 1997 - 29 Sep 2014 Post abolished
Chief executive
29 Sep 2014 - 9 Mar 2020 Abdullah Abdullah (s.a.) IMH

Heads of the Interim Government
7 Sep 2021 - Mullah Mohammad Hassan Akhund (s.a.) Tal
(interim)
17 May 2023 - 17 Jul 2023 Maulavi Mohammad Abdul Kabir (s.a.) Tal
(acting for Hassan)

Commanders, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
10 Jan 2002 - 20 Jun 2002 John Chalmers McColl (U.K.) (b. 1952)
20 Jun 2002 - 10 Feb 2003 Hilmi Akın Zorlu (Turkey) (b. 1948 - d. 2014)
10 Feb 2003 - 11 Aug 2003 Norbert van Heyst (Germany) (b. 1944)
11 Aug 2003 - 9 Feb 2004 G�tz Gliemeroth (Germany) (b. 1943)
9 Feb 2004 - 9 Aug 2004 Rick J. Hillier (Canada) (b. 1956)
9 Aug 2004 - 13 Feb 2005 Jean-Louis Py (France) (b. 1948)
13 Feb 2005 - 5 Aug 2005 Ethem Erdaği (Turkey) (b. 1949)
5 Aug 2005 - 4 May 2006 Mauro Del Vecchio (Italy) (b. 1946)
Commanders, U.S. Forces Afghanistan and International Security Assistance Force (ISAF)
4 May 2006 - 6 Feb 2007 David J. Richards (U.K.) (b. 1952)
6 Feb 2007 - 3 Jun 2008 Dan K. McNeill (U.S.) (b. 1946)
3 Jun 2008 - 15 Jun 2009 David D. McKiernan (U.S.) (b. 1950)
15 Jun 2009 - 23 Jun 2010 Stanley A. McChrystal (U.S.) (b. 1954)
23 Jun 2010 - 4 Jul 2010 Sir Nicholas "Nick" Parker (U.K.) (b. 1954)
(acting)
4 Jul 2010 - 18 Jul 2011 David H. Petraeus (U.S.) (b. 1952)
18 Jul 2011 - 10 Feb 2013 John R. Allen (U.S.) (b. 1953)
10 Feb 2013 - 26 Aug 2014 Joseph F. Dunford, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1955)
26 Aug 2014 - 28 Dec 2014 John F. Campbell (U.S.) (b. 1957)
Commanders, U.S. Forces Afghanistan and NATO Operation Resolute Support 28 Dec 2014 - 2 Mar 2016 John F. Campbell (U.S.) (s.a.)
2 Mar 2016 - 2 Sep 2018 John "Mick" W. Nicholson Jr. (U.S.)(b. 1957)
2 Sep 2018 - 12 Jul 2021 Austin Scott Miller (U.S.) (b. 1961)12 Jul 2021 - 30 Aug 2021 Kenneth F. McKenzie, Jr. (U.S.) (b. 1957)

Commanders of Soviet Forces (40th Combined Army)(in Kabul)
27 Dec 1979 - 23 Sep 1980 Yuriy Vladimirovich Tukharinov (b. 1927 - d. 1998)
23 Sep 1980 - 12 May 1982 Boris Ivanovich Tkach (b. 1935 - d. 2010)
13 May 1982 - 3 Nov 1983 Viktor Fyodorovich Yermakov (b. 1935)
3 Nov 1983 - 19 Apr 1985 Leonid Yevstafyevich Generalov (b. 1937 - d. 1991)
19 Apr 1985 - 30 Apr 1986 Igor Nikolayevich Rodionov (b. 1936 - d. 2014)
30 Apr 1986 - 1 Jun 1987 Viktor Petrovich Dubynin (b. 1943 - d. 1992)
1 Jun 1987 - 15 Feb 1989 Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (b. 1943)

British General Officer Commanding, Kabul Field Force 28 Oct 1879 - 2 May 1880 Sir Frederick Sleigh Roberts (b. 1832 - d. 1914)
British General Officer Commanding, Northern Afghanistan Field Force 2 May 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Sir Donald Martin Stewart (b. 1824 - d. 1900)

British Envoys and Ministers
7 Aug 1839 - 23 Dec 1841 William Hay Macnaghten (b. 1793 - d. 1841)
Dec 1841 - 6 Jan 1842 Eldred Pottinger (acting) (b. 1811 - d. 1843)
British Agents (Wakil)
1857 - Mar 1859 Nawab Faujdar Khan Alizai (d. 1875)
Apr 1859 - 1865 Gholam Husain Khan Alizai (d. 1881)
Feb 1864 - Jan 1868 Bukhtiar (Bakhtyar) Khan (acting) (d. 1879)
Jan 1868 - 1879 Ata Mohammad Khan Khagwani (d. 1897)

(from 1875, Nawab Ata Mohammad Khan Khagwani)
British Envoy and Minister Plenipotentiary
24 Jul 1879 - 3 Sep 1879 Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari (b. 1841 - d. 1879)
**British Chief Political Officer
19 Mar 1880 - 22 Jul 1880 Lepel Henry Griffin (Griffin Sahib)(b. 1838 - d. 1908)
(appointed 30 Jan 1880, arrived 19 Mar 1880)
British Agents of the Government of India at Kaboul (Kabul)
Jun 1882 - Jun 1885 Khan Bahadur Mohammad Afzal Khan (d. af.1906)
1885 - Jul 1891 Mirza Attaullah Khan Sardar
Jul 1891 - 1894 Sardar Mohammad Afzal Khan
Dec 1894 Mohammad Izzat Khan (acting)
Dec 1894 - Sep 1895 Mohammad Akram Khan (b. 1852 - d. 1895)
1897 - 1900 Maulvi Ghafoor Khan
Mar 1900 - 1903 Hafiz Mohammad Nawaz Khan
Jul 1903 - 1907 Malik Khuda Bakhsh Khan Tiwana (b. 1868 - d. 1930)
Mar 1907 - Jul 1910 Fakir Sayyid Iftikharuddin (b. 1873 - d. 19..)
Jul 1910 - Nov 1913 Malik Talib Mehdi Khan (b. 1871 - d. 19..)
Nov 1913 - Aug 1919 Hafiz Saifullah Khan

Afghan Interim Government in exile (in Peshawar, Pakistan) 1988-1992

[Afghan Exile Govt. in Peshawar 1989-1992
flag]

President
14 Feb 1989 - 27 Apr 1992 Sibghatullah Mojaddedi (s.a.) JNM

Prime ministers
19 Jun 1988 - 14 Feb 1989 Ahmad Shah Ahmadzay (s.a.) IT
14 Feb 1989 - 27 Apr 1992 Abdul Rab Rasul Sayyaf (b. 1946) IT

[Kandahar Transitional Flag revolt 1929
(Afghanistan State flag c.1920)]

1929 Qandahar Transitional Flag

�full title:

(a) the title Emir (Amir) was dropped from international use since Jun 1926, but the coins bore this title as part of the tughra to the accession of Nadir Shah in 1929; the styles Da Afghanistan Padshah in Pashto and Padshah-i Afghanistan ("King of Afghanistan") in Persian are found in the Constitutions of 1923 and 1931. The styles used in the Constitution of 1964 were Bacha in Pashto and Padshah ("King") in Persian. The official styles used for the promulgation of laws (published in Afghanistan Official Gazette in 1964-1973) were Da Afghanistan Bacha in Pashto and Padshah-i Afghanistan ("King of Afghanistan") in Persian.

2the de facto leader during the Taliban rule from 3 Apr 1996,starting in Kandahar, and taking Kaubul 27 Sep 1996, was Mullah Mohammad Omar Akhund (s.a.), styled Amir al-Mo�menin. The United Nations, U.S. and most countries recognized the government of Burhanuddin Rabbani (s.a.) as the legitimate government of Afghanistan during the Taliban period. During this period the Burhanuddin Rabbani government controlled only Takhar and parts of Badakhshan provinces. The Rabbani government retakes Kabul on 27 Sep 1996 and drives the Taliban from Kandahar 7 Dec 2001. On 15 Aug 2021, the Taliban retake Kabul and on 19 Aug 2021 restore the Islamic Emirate under Amir al-Mo�menin Mawlawi Hibatullah Akhundzada (s.a.).

International Disputes: Afghan and Iranian commissioners have discussed boundary monument densification and resurvey; Iran protests Afghanistan's restricting flow of dammed Helmand River tributaries during drought;Pakistan has built fences in some portions of its border with Afghanistan which remains open in some areas to terrorist and other illegal activities; their alignments may not always be in conformance with the Durand Line and original surveyed definitions of the boundary; Pakistan demarcates the Durand Line differently from Afghanistan, and thus portions of the Pakistani fence may lie within what Afghanistan (and most of the international community, including the U.S.) would consider Afghan territory; successive governments in Afghanistan, including the Taliban, have not accepted the 1947 demarcation line; boundary follows Amu Darya River as delimited in the Afghan-Soviet treaties and not by the river's current course; the boundary was delimited and possibly demarcated during Soviet times (pre-1991); no current negotiations between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan to re-delimit the boundary have been identified.

Party abbreviations (parties banned 4 Jul 1998-13 Nov 2001 and from 16 Aug 2023): BM = Basij-i Milli (National Movement, also known as Rawand-i Sabz-i Afghanistan [Afghanistan Green Trend], centrist, Islamic democratic, reformist, Amrullah Saleh personalist, est.2010); HIA = Harakat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan (Islamic Movement of Afghanistan, Shi'a Islamist, est.1978); HIA-G = Hizb-i Islami-yi Afghanistan - Gulbuddin (Islamic Party Afghanistan-Gulbuddin, HIA-GulbuddinHekmatyar faction, radical islamist, G. Hekmatyar personalist, Pashtun, est.1977);**IM = I'tilaf-i Milli-yi Afghanistan/Da Afghnistan da Milli I'tilaf, (National Coalition of Afghanistan, Hamid Karzai opposition, communitarianism, Islamist, populist, est.2010); Ind = Independent; JIA = Jam'iyyat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan (Islamic Association of Afghanistan, moderate islamist, Tajik, est.1968); JMI = Junbish-i Milli-yi Islami-yi Afghanistan (National Islamic Movement of Afghanistan, left-wing, mainly Uzbek, est.1992); JNM = Jabha-yi Nijat-i Milli-yi Afghanistan (National Liberation Front of Afghanistan,anti-communist, moderate islamist, mainly Pashtun, est.1978); Tal = Tahrik-i Islami-yi Taliban Afghanistan/Da Afghanistan da Talibano Islami Tahrik (Islamic Movement of Students of Afghanistan, Islamic fundamentalist, mainly Pashtun, government party 1997-2001 and from 2021, banned 26 Jan 2004-15 Aug 2021, est.1994);Mil = Military;
- Former parties: HDK = Hizb-i Dimukratik-i Khalq-i Afghanistan (People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, communist, 1990 renounced Marxism, 1965-28 Jun 1990, then HW); HW = Hizb-i Watan (Fatherland Party, social-democratic, former HDK, 1990-1992); IT = Ittihad-i Islami Bara-yi Azadi-yi Afghanistan (Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan, extreme Islamist, mainly Pashtun, 1981-2005, renamed Hizb-i Tanzim-i Da'wat-i Islami-yi Afghanistan/Da Afghanistan da Da'wat Islami Tanzim [Islamic Mission Organization of Afghanistan]); NRP = Hizb-i Inqilab-i Milli (National Revolutionary Party, Mohammad Daud personalist, 1977-1978 government party, Pashtun nationalist,1976-1978); UINFSA = Jabha-yi Muttahid-i Islami-yi Milli bara-yi Nijat-i Afghanistan (National Islamic United Front for the Salvation of Afghanistan, "Northern Alliance", anti-Taliban coalition incl. JMI, IT, Hizb-i Wahdat [Unity Party] and HIA, Sep 1996 - Dec 2001)

Other Polities Incorporated into Afghanistan

Andkhui (Andkhroy)

c.1730/31 Andkhui khanate under Afshar dynasty (under suzerainty of Bukhara).
1820 - 1880 Under Afghanistan suzerainty.
1847 Andkhui (Andkhroy) is sacked by Yar Mohammad Khan, the ruler of Herat.
31 Jan 1873 Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border agreement.
1880 Incorporated into Afghanistan.

Khans
c.1730/31 - 1736 'Ali Mardan Khan
(for Nadir Shah Afshar)
c.1736 - 1790? Sulaiman Khan
1750/51 Mukhless Khan
c.1790 - 1812 Rahmatullah Khan
c.1812 - c.1830 Yulduz Khan
c.1830 - 1835 'Abd al-'Aziz Khan
c.1835 - 1844 Shah Wali Khan (d. 1847)
1844 - 1845 Ghazanfar Khan (1st time)
1845 Sufi Khan (1st time)
1845 - 1847 Ghazanfar Khan (2nd time)
1847 Sufi Khan (2nd time)
1847 - 1869 Ghazanfar Khan (3rd time)
1869 - c.1880 Daulat Beg Khan (d. 1889)

Badakhshan

1504 - 1584 Part of the Mughal Empire.
1641 - 1647 Part of the Mughal Empire.
1657 (Uzbek) Badakhshan khanate.
1750? - c.1793 Incorporated into Afghanistan (Kabul).
1768 Conquest of Badakhshan by Qubad Khan of Qataghan.
1793 - 1873 Part of Bukhara khanate.
1822 - 1859 Tributary to Konduz (Qonduz).
1859 - 1873 Tributary to Afghanistan.
31 Jan 1873 Badakhshan, with its dependent district Wakhan, allotted to
Afghanistan (Kabul) by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border agreement.
1873 Incorporated into Afghanistan.

Rulers (title Mir)
1657 - 1708 Mir Yar Beg Sahibzada (d. 1708)
1708 - 1713 Sulaiman Beg I
1713 - 1718 Yusuf 'Ali Khan
1718 - 1737 Ziya' al-Din
1737 - 17.. Sulaiman Beg II
17.. - 1748 Mirza Kalan I
1748 - 1768 Sultan Shah I
1768 - 17.. Burhan ad-Din
17.. - 17.. Mirza Kalan II
17.. - 17.. Ahmad Shah Khan
17.. - 17.. Mirza Kalan III
17.. - 1792 Zaman ad-Din
1792 - 1821 Mir Muhammed Shah
1822 - 1828 Mirza Kalan IV
1828 - 1829 Mirza Abd al-Ghaful
1829 - 1832 Murad Beg
1832 - 1838 Mirza Sulaiman
1838 - 1847 Sultan Shah II
- jointly with -
1844 - 1864 Mir Shah Nizam ad-Din
1864 - 1869 Jahandar Shah
1863 - 1864 Sardar Abdur Rahman Khan (b. 1844 - d. 1863)
(Afghan governor of Qataghan and Badakhshan)
1866 - 1867 Mizrab Shah
(appointed by the Afghans)
1869 - 1873 Mahmud Shah

Ghurian (Ghourian)

1747 - 1795 Part of Afghanistan.
1795 - 1816 Part of Persia.
Dec 1804 Ghurian Qaraei khanate (within Persia).
1816 - 1818 Incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).
1818 - 1837 Incorporated into Persia.
1833 - 1837 Re-incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).
1837 - 1844 Re-incorporated into Persia.
1844 Re-incorporated into Afghanistan (Herat).

Rulers (title Hakim)
1804 - 1813 Yusef Ali Khan Qaraei-Torbati
1813 - 1816 Sardar Mohammad Khan Qaraei-Torbati(b. c.1790 - d. 1850)

Konduz (Qonduz)

1508 Konduz (Kunduz, Qonduz) khanate founded.
1520 - 1545 Annexed to Badakhshan.
.... - 1698 Annexed to Badakhshan.
Jun 1859 Incorporated into Afghanistan (local rulers continue to 1888).
1866 - 1867 Occupied by Badakhshan.

Khans
1647 - 1657 Beg Murad
1657 - 1714 Mahmud Beg
1714 - 17.. Sohrab Beg
17.. - 1740 Yusuf Beg
1740 - 1753 Hazara Beg
1753 - 1800 Mizrab Beg
1800 - 1815 Kokan Beg
1815 - 1846 Muhammad Murad Beg (b. 1780 - d. 1846)
1846 - 1860 Sultan Murad
1869 - 1888 Sultan Ali Murad Beg

Khulm (Kholm)

1800? - 1841 Under suzerainty of Konduz (Qonduz).
1849 Khulm (Kholm) annexed by Afghanistan.

Rulers
1800? - 1817 Qilij Ali Beg Khan
1817 - 1849 Muhammad Amin Beg

Maimana (Maymana)

c.1506 Conquered by Persia.
1612/30 Maimana khanate, under the Mingid dynasty.
Nov 1849 - Sep 1850 Maimana under seige by Afghan ruler Yar Mohammad (of Herat).
31 Jan 1873 Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border agreement.
1875 Khanate rebels against Afghanistan, but is crushed and the city sacked.
Mar 1876 - Feb 1879 Incorporated into Afghanistan.
May 1879 - Nov 1879 Incorporated into Afghanistan.
1888 - 1889 Maimana under Herat due to the revolt of Sardar Ishaq Khan.
1892 Re-incorporated into Afghanistan.

Khans
1612/30 - 1653/56? Ataliq Uraz Bi Ming bin Baruti Bi
1653/56? - c.1731 unknown
c.1731? - 1772 Hajji Bi Khan
1772 - c.1795 Jan Khan
1795 ....
[unnamed eldest son of Jan Khan]
1795 - 1804 Muhammad Rahim Khan
1804 - 1814 Ataliq Ahmad Quli Khan (d. 1814)
1814 - 1830 'Ali Yar Khan
1830 Persian Regent
1830 - 1831 'Abd al-Mu'min Khan
1831 - 1845 Mizrab Khan
1845 - 1862 Hukumat Khan
+ Sher Muhammad Khan (to 1848)
1862 - 1876 Muhammad Husain Khan (1st time) (b. c.1840 - d. ....)
Mar 1876 - Sep 1877 Ghulam Muhammad Reza Khan
(Afghan governor)
Sep 1877 - Nov 1877 Munshi Muhammad Husain Khan
(Afghan governor)
Nov 1877 - Feb 1879 Muhammad Akbar Khan
(Afghan governor)
Feb 1879 - May 1879 Muhammad Husain Khan (2nd time) (s.a.)
May 1879 - Nov 1879 Sardar 'Abdullah Jan Khan Nasiri
(Afghan governor; for Ya'qub Khan)
Dec 1879 - Feb 1880 Civil war between Muhammad Husain Khan and Dilawar Khan
Feb 1880 - 21 May 1884 Dilawar Khan
21 May 1884 - 1888 Muhammad Husain Khan (3rd time) (s.a.)
1888 - 1889 under Herat
1889 - 1892 Muhammad Sharif Khan

Sar-i-Pul (Sari Pol)

c.1510 Part of Persia.
17.. - .... Part of Bukhara khanate.
c.1731 - c.1814 Ruled by Maimana.
1750? Incorporated into Afghanistan.
c.1814 Sar-i-Pul (Sar-e Pol, Sari Pul) khanate, secedes from Maimana.
1861 - 1862 Afghan military government (see Kabul).
1864 - 1866 Incorporated into Afghanistan (see Kabul).
31 Jan 1873 Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border agreement.
1875 Incorporated into Afghanistan.

Rulers (title Beglarbegi)
c.1731 - 1800 under M aimana
c.1800 - 1840 Zu'l-Faqar Sher Khan
(for Maimana to c.1814)
1840 - 1851 Mahmud Khan
c.1851 - 1862 Qilij Khan
1861 - 1862 Afghan military government
1862 - 1864 Muhammad Khan (1st time)
1864 - 1866 Afghan governor(s)
1866? - 1875 Muhammad Khan (2nd time)
(1867 temporarily under Hakim Khan of Shibarghan)

S hibarghan (Sheberghan )‏

c.1747 Shibarghan (Sheberghan, Shaburghsn) an (Uzbek) khanate.

c.1747 - 1757 Under Bukhara suzerainty.

1855 - 1859 Occupied by Afghanistan.

31 Jan 1873 Allotted to Afghanistan by the 1873 Anglo-Russian border agreement.

1875 Incorporated into Afghanistan.

Rulers (title Hakim)
c.1747 - 1757 Izbasar (for Bukhara)

c.1757 - 1800 Daulat Khan

c.1800 - 1820 Erich Khan

c.1820 - 1829 Manwar Khan

c.1829 - 1851 Rustam Khan (b. c.1805 - d. ....)

1846 Husain Khan (?)

1851 - 1855 Hakim Khan, Nizam al-Daula (d. 1876/77)

(1st time)

Aug 1854 Mir Wali of Khulm

(briefly, for Bukhara)

1855 - 1859 Sardar Wali Muhammad Khan Barakzai

(Afghan military governor)

1859 - 1875 Hakim Khan, Nizam al-Daula (s.a.)

(2nd time)(with Afghan Resident)

Shughnan (Shighnan) : see Gorno-Badakhshan

� Ben Cahoon