(original) (raw)

%!PS-Adobe-2.0 %%Creator: dvipsk 5.58f Copyright 1986, 1994 Radical Eye Software %%Title: mlbook.dvi %%Pages: 20 %%PageOrder: Ascend %%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 %%EndComments %DVIPSCommandLine: dvips -o mlbook.ps mlbook %DVIPSParameters: dpi=300, compressed, comments removed %DVIPSSource: TeX output 1997.11.03:2056 %%BeginProcSet: texc.pro /TeXDict 250 dict def TeXDict begin /N{def}def /B{bind def}N /S{exch}N /X{S N}B /TR{translate}N /isls false N /vsize 11 72 mul N /hsize 8.5 72 mul N /landplus90{false}def /@rigin{isls{[0 landplus90{1 -1}{-1 1} ifelse 0 0 0]concat}if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale isls{landplus90{VResolution 72 div vsize mul 0 exch}{Resolution -72 div hsize mul 0}ifelse TR}if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put setmatrix}N /@landscape{/isls true N}B /@manualfeed{ statusdict /manualfeed true put}B /@copies{/#copies X}B /FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N /FBB[0 0 0 0]N /nn 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FF9126FF80077F000349486C7F6C01F801007F4A814A6E7E717EA284171FA284A2831980 AA19005FA260A24D5AA24D5A806E4A5A6E495B6E495B6E010F5B9226E03FFEC7FC02EFB5 5A02E314F002E01480DB1FF8C8FC92CAFCAFB612C0A539427CAD42>I115 DIII<007FB56C90B51280A5000101F0C7 380FE0006C6D6E5A170F017F5E6E141F013F93C7FC6E5C011F153E6E147E6D157C6F13FC 6D5DEDC0016D5D15E016036D5DEDF0076D5DEDF80F027F5CEDFC1F023F91C8FC6F5A021F 133EEDFF7E6E137C16FCA26E5BA26E5BA26E5BA26E5BA26F5AA26FC9FCA3153E157E157C 15FCD81F805B383FC001D87FE05B38FFF0035D14074A5A4A5A143F6C4848CAFCEB43FE38 3FFFF86C5B000713C0D801FECBFC39427EAD3F>121 D E end %%EndProlog %%BeginSetup %%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi TeXDict begin %%EndSetup %%Page: 74 1 74 0 bop 25 160 a Ft(Ev)-7 b(aluating)42 b(Hyp)s(otheses)p 0 321 1947 2 v 731 543 a Fs([Read)29 b(Ch.)39 b(5])251 647 y([Recommended)27 b(exercises:)40 b(5.2,)29 b(5.3,)g(5.4])40 805 y Fr(\017)21 b Fs(Sample)28 b(error,)g(true)h(error)40 950 y Fr(\017)21 b Fs(Con\014dence)29 b(in)n(terv)-5 b(als)31 b(for)e(observ)n(ed)f(h)n(yp)r(othesis)104 1054 y(error)40 1199 y Fr(\017)21 b Fs(Estimators)40 1344 y Fr(\017)g Fs(Binomial)30 b(distribution,)h(Normal)d(distribution,)104 1448 y(Cen)n(tral)i(Limit)f(Theorem)40 1593 y Fr(\017)21 b Fs(P)n(aired)28 b Fq(t)h Fs(tests)40 1738 y Fr(\017)21 b Fs(Comparing)28 b(learning)i(metho)r(ds)0 2748 y Fp(74)357 b(lecture)17 b(slides)f(for)f(textb)q(o)q(ok)g Fo(Machine)h(L)n(e)n (arning)p Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o(hell,)h(McGra)o(w)e(Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 75 2 75 1 bop 25 170 a Fn(Tw)m(o)33 b(De\014nitions)k(of)c(Error)p 0 321 1947 2 v 0 538 a Fs(The)c Fm(true)34 b(error)29 b Fs(of)g(h)n(yp)r(othesis)h Fq(h)e Fs(with)i(resp)r(ect)g(to)0 642 y(target)g(function)g Fq(f)38 b Fs(and)28 b(distribution)k Fr(D)f Fs(is)f(the)0 746 y(probabilit)n(y)h(that)f Fq(h)e Fs(will)k(misclassify)f(an)d(instance)0 850 y(dra)n(wn)g(at)h(random)e (according)j(to)f Fr(D)r Fs(.)422 1003 y Fq(er)r(r)r(or)625 1016 y Fl(D)675 1003 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))c Fr(\021)38 b Fs(Pr)907 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Fs(according)i(to)104 786 y(distribution)h Fr(D)16 932 y Fs(2.)21 b(measure)27 b Fq(er)r(r)r(or)642 945 y Fk(S)685 932 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))0 1077 y Fq(er)r(r)r(or)203 1090 y Fk(S)245 1077 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))j(is)f(a)g(random)e(v)-5 b(ariable)31 b(\(i.e.,)f(result)g(of)f(an)0 1181 y(exp)r(erimen)n(t\))0 1334 y Fq(er)r(r)r(or)203 1347 y Fk(S)245 1334 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))h(is)f(an)g(un)n(biased)g Fi(estimator)f Fs(for)h Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1670 1347 y Fl(D)1720 1334 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))0 1488 y(Giv)n(en)g(observ)n(ed)g Fq(er)r(r)r(or)807 1501 y Fk(S)849 1488 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))h(what)f(can)g(w)n(e)f(conclude)0 1592 y(ab)r(out)h Fq(er)r(r)r(or)449 1605 y Fl(D)499 1592 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\)?)0 2748 y Fp(78)357 b(lecture)17 b(slides)f(for)f(textb)q(o)q(ok) g Fo(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)p Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o(hell,)h(McGra)o(w)e (Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 79 6 79 5 bop 25 170 a Fn(Con\014dence)35 b(In)m(terv)-6 b(als)p 0 321 1947 2 v 0 538 a Fs(If)40 683 y Fr(\017)21 b Fq(S)33 b Fs(con)n(tains)d Fq(n)e Fs(examples,)h(dra)n(wn)f(indep)r(enden)n (tly)j(of)104 787 y Fq(h)d Fs(and)g(eac)n(h)h(other)40 933 y Fr(\017)21 b Fq(n)i Fr(\025)h Fs(30)0 1078 y(Then)40 1223 y Fr(\017)d Fs(With)30 b(appro)n(ximately)g(95\045)f(probabilit)n (y)-7 b(,)31 b Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1740 1236 y Fl(D)1790 1223 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))104 1327 y(lies)g(in)e(in)n(terv)-5 b(al)219 1520 y Fq(er)r(r)r(or)422 1533 y Fk(S)464 1520 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))20 b Fr(\006)f Fs(1)p Fq(:)p Fs(96)839 1384 y Fj(v)839 1407 y(u)839 1432 y(u)839 1457 y(u)839 1482 y(u)839 1507 y(t)p 883 1384 949 2 v 888 1462 a Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1091 1475 y Fk(S)1133 1462 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\)\(1)h Fr(\000)f Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1634 1475 y Fk(S)1677 1462 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\)\))p 888 1500 939 2 v 1331 1579 a Fq(n)0 2748 y Fp(79)357 b(lecture)17 b(slides)f(for)f(textb)q(o)q(ok)g Fo(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)p Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o(hell,)h(McGra)o(w)e (Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 80 7 80 6 bop 25 170 a Fn(Con\014dence)35 b(In)m(terv)-6 b(als)p 0 321 1947 2 v 0 538 a Fs(If)40 683 y Fr(\017)21 b Fq(S)33 b Fs(con)n(tains)d Fq(n)e Fs(examples,)h(dra)n(wn)f(indep)r(enden)n (tly)j(of)104 787 y Fq(h)d Fs(and)g(eac)n(h)h(other)40 933 y Fr(\017)21 b Fq(n)i Fr(\025)h Fs(30)0 1078 y(Then)40 1223 y Fr(\017)d Fs(With)30 b(appro)n(ximately)g(N\045)e(probabilit)n (y)-7 b(,)31 b Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1718 1236 y Fl(D)1768 1223 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))104 1327 y(lies)g(in)e(in)n(terv)-5 b(al)247 1520 y Fq(er)r(r)r(or)450 1533 y Fk(S)492 1520 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\))20 b Fr(\006)f Fq(z)754 1533 y Fk(N)811 1384 y Fj(v)811 1407 y(u)811 1432 y(u)811 1457 y(u)811 1482 y(u)811 1507 y(t)p 855 1384 949 2 v 860 1462 a Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1063 1475 y Fk(S)1105 1462 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\)\(1)h Fr(\000)f Fq(er)r(r)r(or)1606 1475 y Fk(S)1649 1462 y Fs(\()p Fq(h)p Fs(\)\))p 860 1500 939 2 v 1303 1579 a Fq(n)104 1696 y Fs(where)p 187 1776 1678 2 v 186 1880 2 104 v 211 1849 a Fq(N)9 b Fs(\045:)p 410 1880 V 50 w(50\045)50 b(68\045)g(80\045)f(90\045)h(95\045)g(98\045) f(99\045)p 1863 1880 V 186 1984 V 238 1952 a Fq(z)278 1965 y Fk(N)335 1952 y Fs(:)p 410 1984 V 79 w(0.67)55 b(1.00)f(1.28)h(1.64)f(1.96)h(2.33)g(2.58)p 1863 1984 V 187 1985 1678 2 v 0 2748 a Fp(80)357 b(lecture)17 b(slides)f(for)f (textb)q(o)q(ok)g Fo(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)p Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o (hell,)h(McGra)o(w)e(Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 81 8 81 7 bop 25 161 a Fq(er)r(r)r(or)228 190 y(S)288 161 y Fn(\()p Fq(h)p Fn(\))34 b(is)h(a)f(Random)h(V)-9 b(ariable)p 0 324 1947 2 v 0 541 a Fs(Rerun)29 b(the)g(exp)r(erimen)n(t)g(with)i (di\013eren)n(t)e(randomly)0 645 y(dra)n(wn)f Fq(S)33 b Fs(\(of)d(size)g Fq(n)p Fs(\))0 798 y(Probabilit)n(y)h(of)e (observing)h Fq(r)h Fs(misclassi\014ed)f(examples:)0 873 y 23681433 10893456 9472573 21313290 23155179 27694120 startTexFig 0 873 a %%BeginDocument: ./bookps/binom40-0.3.eps %AI5_FileFormat 2.0 %AI3_ColorUsage: Black&White %AI3_TemplateBox: 306 396 306 396 %AI3_TileBox: 31 31 583 761 %AI3_DocumentPreview: Macintosh_ColorPic %AI5_ArtSize: 612 792 %AI5_RulerUnits: 2 %AI5_ArtFlags: 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 %AI5_TargetResolution: 800 %AI5_NumLayers: 1 %AI5_OpenToView: 106 500 3 1018 725 26 0 1 3 40 %AI5_OpenViewLayers: 7 userdict /Adobe_level2_AI5 23 dict dup begin put /packedarray where not { userdict begin /packedarray { array astore readonly } bind def /setpacking /pop load def /currentpacking false def end 0 } if pop userdict /defaultpacking currentpacking put true setpacking /initialize { Adobe_level2_AI5 begin } bind def /terminate { currentdict Adobe_level2_AI5 eq { end } if } bind def mark /setcustomcolor where not { /findcmykcustomcolor { 5 packedarray } bind def /setcustomcolor { exch aload pop pop 4 { 4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat 5 -1 roll pop setcmykcolor } def } if /gt38? mark {version cvr cvx exec} stopped {cleartomark true} {38 gt exch pop} ifelse def userdict /deviceDPI 72 0 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt put userdict /level2? systemdict /languagelevel known dup { pop systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge } if put /level2ScreenFreq { begin 60 HalftoneType 1 eq { pop Frequency } if HalftoneType 2 eq { pop GrayFrequency } if HalftoneType 5 eq { pop Default level2ScreenFreq } if end } bind def userdict /currentScreenFreq level2? {currenthalftone level2ScreenFreq} {currentscreen pop pop} ifelse put level2? not { /setcmykcolor where not { /setcmykcolor { exch .11 mul add exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add 1 exch sub setgray } def } if /currentcmykcolor where not { /currentcmykcolor { 0 0 0 1 currentgray sub } def } if /setoverprint where not { /setoverprint /pop load def } if /selectfont where not { /selectfont { exch findfont exch dup type /arraytype eq { makefont } { scalefont } ifelse setfont } bind def } if /cshow where not { /cshow { [ 0 0 5 -1 roll aload pop ] cvx bind forall } bind def } if } if cleartomark /anyColor? { add add add 0 ne } bind def /testColor { gsave setcmykcolor currentcmykcolor grestore } bind def /testCMYKColorThrough { testColor anyColor? } bind def userdict /composite? level2? { gsave 1 1 1 1 setcmykcolor currentcmykcolor grestore add add add 4 eq } { 1 0 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 1 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 0 1 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 0 0 1 testCMYKColorThrough and and and } ifelse put composite? not { userdict begin gsave /cyan? 1 0 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /magenta? 0 1 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /yellow? 0 0 1 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /black? 0 0 0 1 testCMYKColorThrough def grestore /isCMYKSep? cyan? magenta? yellow? black? or or or def /customColor? isCMYKSep? not def end } if end defaultpacking setpacking currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_typography_AI5 54 dict dup begin put /initialize { begin begin Adobe_typography_AI5 begin Adobe_typography_AI5 { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end end end Adobe_typography_AI5 begin } def /terminate { currentdict Adobe_typography_AI5 eq { end } if } def /modifyEncoding { /_tempEncode exch ddef /_pntr 0 ddef { counttomark -1 roll dup type dup /marktype eq { pop pop exit } { /nametype eq { _tempEncode /_pntr dup load dup 3 1 roll 1 add ddef 3 -1 roll put } { /_pntr exch ddef } ifelse } ifelse } loop _tempEncode } def /TE { StandardEncoding 256 array copy modifyEncoding /_nativeEncoding exch def } def % /TZ { dup type /arraytype eq { /_wv exch def } { /_wv 0 def } ifelse /_useNativeEncoding exch def pop pop findfont _wv type /arraytype eq { _wv makeblendedfont } if dup length 2 add dict begin mark exch { 1 index /FID ne { def } if cleartomark mark } forall pop /FontName exch def counttomark 0 eq { 1 _useNativeEncoding eq { /Encoding _nativeEncoding def } if cleartomark } { /Encoding load 256 array copy modifyEncoding /Encoding exch def } ifelse FontName currentdict end definefont pop } def /tr { _ax _ay 3 2 roll } def /trj { _cx _cy _sp _ax _ay 6 5 roll } def /a0 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /a1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /e0 { /Tx { tr _psf } ddef /Tj { trj _pjsf } ddef } def /e1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave tr _psf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave trj _pjsf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /i0 { /Tx { tr sp } ddef /Tj { trj jsp } ddef } def /i1 { W N } def /o0 { /Tx { tr sw rmoveto } ddef /Tj { trj swj rmoveto } ddef } def /r0 { /Tx { tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj { trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /r1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /To { pop _ctm currentmatrix pop } def /TO { iTe _ctm setmatrix newpath } def /Tp { pop _tm astore pop _ctm setmatrix _tDict begin /W { } def /h { } def } def /TP { end iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Tr { _render 3 le { currentpoint newpath moveto } if dup 8 eq { pop 0 } { dup 9 eq { pop 1 } if } ifelse dup /_render exch ddef _renderStart exch get load exec } def /iTm { _ctm setmatrix _tm concat 0 _rise translate _hs 1 scale } def /Tm { _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Td { _mtx translate _tm _tm concatmatrix pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /iTe { _render -1 eq { } { _renderEnd _render get dup null ne { load exec } { pop } ifelse } ifelse /_render -1 ddef } def /Ta { pop } def /Tf { dup 1000 div /_fScl exch ddef % selectfont } def /Tl { pop 0 exch _leading astore pop } def /Tt { pop } def /TW { 3 npop } def /Tw { /_cx exch ddef } def /TC { 3 npop } def /Tc { /_ax exch ddef } def /Ts { /_rise exch ddef currentpoint iTm moveto } def /Ti { 3 npop } def /Tz { 100 div /_hs exch ddef iTm } def /TA { pop } def /Tq { pop } def /Th { pop pop pop pop pop } def /TX { pop } def /Tk { exch pop _fScl mul neg 0 rmoveto } def /TK { 2 npop } def /T* { _leading aload pop neg Td } def /T*- { _leading aload pop Td } def /T- { _ax neg 0 rmoveto _hyphen Tx } def /T+ { } def /TR { _ctm currentmatrix pop _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /TS { currentfont 3 1 roll /_Symbol_ _fScl 1000 mul selectfont 0 eq { Tx } { Tj } ifelse setfont } def /Xb { pop pop } def /Tb /Xb load def /Xe { pop pop pop pop } def /Te /Xe load def /XB { } def /TB /XB load def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 known not { userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 17 dict put } if userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 get begin /initialize { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 begin Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 { dup type /arraytype eq { dup xcheck { bind } if } if pop pop } forall } def /terminate { end } def currentdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars known not { /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars 14 dict def } if Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /channelcount 0 def /sourcecount 0 def /sourcearray 4 array def /plateindex -1 def /XIMask 0 def /XIBinary 0 def /XIChannelCount 0 def /XIBitsPerPixel 0 def /XIImageHeight 0 def /XIImageWidth 0 def /XIImageMatrix null def /XIBuffer null def /XIDataProc null def end /WalkRGBString null def /WalkCMYKString null def /StuffRGBIntoGrayString null def /RGBToGrayImageProc null def /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString null def /CMYKToGrayImageProc null def /ColorImageCompositeEmulator null def /SeparateCMYKImageProc null def /FourEqual null def /TestPlateIndex null def currentdict /_colorimage known not { /colorimage where { /colorimage get /_colorimage exch def } { /_colorimage null def } ifelse } if /_currenttransfer systemdict /currenttransfer get def /colorimage null def /XI null def /WalkRGBString { 0 3 index dup length 1 sub 0 3 3 -1 roll { 3 getinterval { } forall 5 index exec 3 index } for 5 { pop } repeat } def /WalkCMYKString { 0 3 index dup length 1 sub 0 4 3 -1 roll { 4 getinterval { } forall 6 index exec 3 index } for 5 { pop } repeat } def /StuffRGBIntoGrayString { .11 mul exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add cvi 3 copy put pop 1 add } def /RGBToGrayImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 3 idiv string dup 3 1 roll /StuffRGBIntoGrayString load exch WalkRGBString end } def /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString { exch .11 mul add exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add dup 255 gt { pop 255 } if 255 exch sub cvi 3 copy put pop 1 add } def /CMYKToGrayImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 4 idiv string dup 3 1 roll /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString load exch WalkCMYKString end } def /ColorImageCompositeEmulator { pop true eq { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /sourcecount get 5 add { pop } repeat } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /channelcount get 1 ne { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 3 -1 roll put channelcount 3 eq { /RGBToGrayImageProc } { /CMYKToGrayImageProc } ifelse load end } if image } ifelse } def /SeparateCMYKImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcecount 0 ne { sourcearray plateindex get exec } { sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 4 idiv string 0 2 index plateindex 4 2 index length 1 sub { get 255 exch sub 3 copy put pop 1 add 2 index } for pop pop exch pop } ifelse end } def /FourEqual { 4 index ne { pop pop pop false } { 4 index ne { pop pop false } { 4 index ne { pop false } { 4 index eq } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } def /TestPlateIndex { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /plateindex -1 def /setcmykcolor where { pop gsave 1 0 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 1 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 1 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 0 1 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub grestore 1 0 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 0 def } { 0 1 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 1 def } { 0 0 1 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 2 def } { 0 0 0 1 FourEqual { /plateindex 3 def } { 0 0 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 5 def } if } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse pop pop pop pop } if plateindex end } def /colorimage { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /channelcount 1 index def /sourcecount 2 index 1 eq { channelcount 1 sub } { 0 } ifelse def 4 sourcecount add index dup 8 eq exch 1 eq or not end { /_colorimage load null ne { _colorimage } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /sourcecount get 7 add { pop } repeat } ifelse } { dup 3 eq TestPlateIndex dup -1 eq exch 5 eq or or { /_colorimage load null eq { ColorImageCompositeEmulator } { dup 1 eq { pop pop image } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /plateindex get 5 eq { gsave 0 _currenttransfer exec 1 _currenttransfer exec eq { 0 _currenttransfer exec 0.5 lt } { 0 _currenttransfer exec 1 _currenttransfer exec gt } ifelse { { pop 0 } } { { pop 1 } } ifelse systemdict /settransfer get exec } if _colorimage Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /plateindex get 5 eq { grestore } if } ifelse } ifelse } { dup 1 eq { pop pop image } { pop pop Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcecount -1 0 { exch sourcearray 3 1 roll put } for /SeparateCMYKImageProc load end systemdict /image get exec } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } def /XI { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin gsave /XIMask exch 0 ne def /XIBinary exch 0 ne def pop pop /XIChannelCount exch def /XIBitsPerPixel exch def /XIImageHeight exch def /XIImageWidth exch def pop pop pop pop /XIImageMatrix exch def XIBitsPerPixel 1 eq { XIImageWidth 8 div ceiling cvi } { XIImageWidth XIChannelCount mul } ifelse /XIBuffer exch string def XIBinary { /XIDataProc { currentfile XIBuffer readstring pop } def currentfile 128 string readline pop pop } { /XIDataProc { currentfile XIBuffer readhexstring pop } def } ifelse 0 0 moveto XIImageMatrix concat XIImageWidth XIImageHeight scale XIMask { XIImageWidth XIImageHeight false [ XIImageWidth 0 0 XIImageHeight neg 0 0 ] /XIDataProc load /_lp /null ddef _fc /_lp /imagemask ddef imagemask } { XIImageWidth XIImageHeight XIBitsPerPixel [ XIImageWidth 0 0 XIImageHeight neg 0 0 ] /XIDataProc load XIChannelCount 1 eq { gsave 0 setgray image grestore } { false XIChannelCount colorimage } ifelse } ifelse grestore end } def end currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars 81 dict dup begin put /_eo false def /_lp /none def /_pf { } def /_ps { } def /_psf { } def /_pss { } def /_pjsf { } def /_pjss { } def /_pola 0 def /_doClip 0 def /cf currentflat def /_tm matrix def /_renderStart [ /e0 /r0 /a0 /o0 /e1 /r1 /a1 /i0 ] def /_renderEnd [ null null null null /i1 /i1 /i1 /i1 ] def /_render -1 def /_rise 0 def /_ax 0 def /_ay 0 def /_cx 0 def /_cy 0 def /_leading [ 0 0 ] def /_ctm matrix def /_mtx matrix def /_sp 16#020 def /_hyphen (-) def /_fScl 0 def /_cnt 0 def /_hs 1 def /_nativeEncoding 0 def /_useNativeEncoding 0 def /_tempEncode 0 def /_pntr 0 def /_tDict 2 dict def /_wv 0 def /Tx { } def /Tj { } def /CRender { } def /_AI3_savepage { } def /_gf null def /_cf 4 array def /_if null def /_of false def /_fc { } def /_gs null def /_cs 4 array def /_is null def /_os false def /_sc { } def /_pd 1 dict def /_ed 15 dict def /_pm matrix def /_fm null def /_fd null def /_fdd null def /_sm null def /_sd null def /_sdd null def /_i null def /discardSave null def /buffer 256 string def /beginString null def /endString null def /endStringLength null def /layerCnt 1 def /layerCount 1 def /perCent (%) 0 get def /perCentSeen? false def /newBuff null def /newBuffButFirst null def /newBuffLast null def /clipForward? false def end userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 known not { userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 91 dict put } if userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 get begin /initialize { Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 dup begin Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars begin discardDict { bind pop pop } forall dup /nc get begin { dup xcheck 1 index type /operatortype ne and { bind } if pop pop } forall end newpath } def /terminate { end end } def /_ null def /ddef { Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars 3 1 roll put } def /xput { dup load dup length exch maxlength eq { dup dup load dup length 2 mul dict copy def } if load begin def end } def /npop { { pop } repeat } def /sw { dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll mul add } def /swj { dup 4 1 roll dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll mul add 6 2 roll /_cnt 0 ddef { 1 index eq { /_cnt _cnt 1 add ddef } if } forall pop exch _cnt mul exch _cnt mul 2 index add 4 1 roll 2 index add 4 1 roll pop pop } def /ss { 4 1 roll { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop gsave false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 3 npop } def /jss { 4 1 roll { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put gsave _sp eq { exch 6 index 6 index 6 index 5 -1 roll widthshow currentpoint } { false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke } ifelse grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 6 npop } def /sp { { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop false charpath 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 2 npop } def /jsp { { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put _sp eq { exch 5 index 5 index 5 index 5 -1 roll widthshow } { false charpath } ifelse 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 5 npop } def /pl { transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch itransform } def /setstrokeadjust where { pop true setstrokeadjust /c { curveto } def /C /c load def /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll curveto } def /V /v load def /y { 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l { lineto } def /L /l load def /m { moveto } def } { /c { pl curveto } def /C /c load def /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll pl curveto } def /V /v load def /y { pl 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l { pl lineto } def /L /l load def /m { pl moveto } def } ifelse /d { setdash } def /cf { } def /i { dup 0 eq { pop cf } if setflat } def /j { setlinejoin } def /J { setlinecap } def /M { setmiterlimit } def /w { setlinewidth } def /XR { 0 ne /_eo exch ddef } def /H { } def /h { closepath } def /N { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse /_doClip 0 ddef } if newpath } { /CRender { N } ddef } ifelse } def /n { N } def /F { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _pf grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _fc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _pf } ifelse } { /CRender { F } ddef } ifelse } def /f { closepath F } def /S { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _ps grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _ps } ifelse } { /CRender { S } ddef } ifelse } def /s { closepath S } def /B { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq gsave F grestore { gsave S grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { S } ifelse } { /CRender { B } ddef } ifelse } def /b { closepath B } def /W { /_doClip 1 ddef } def /* { count 0 ne { dup type /stringtype eq { pop } if } if newpath } def /u { } def /U { } def /q { _pola 0 eq { gsave } if } def /Q { _pola 0 eq { grestore } if } def /*u { _pola 1 add /_pola exch ddef } def /*U { _pola 1 sub /_pola exch ddef _pola 0 eq { CRender } if } def /D { pop } def /*w { } def /*W { } def /` { /_i save ddef clipForward? { nulldevice } if 6 1 roll 4 npop concat pop userdict begin /showpage { } def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where {pop false setstrokeadjust} if newpath 0 setgray false setoverprint } def /~ { end _i restore } def /O { 0 ne /_of exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /R { 0 ne /_os exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /g { /_gf exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _gf setgray /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /G { /_gs exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _gs setgray /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /k { _cf astore pop /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _cf aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /K { _cs astore pop /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _cs aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /x { /_gf exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_if exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _if _gf 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /X { /_gs exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_is exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _is _gs 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /A { pop } def /annotatepage { userdict /annotatepage 2 copy known {get exec} {pop pop} ifelse } def /XT { pop pop } def /discard { save /discardSave exch store discardDict begin /endString exch store gt38? { 2 add } if load stopped pop end discardSave restore } bind def userdict /discardDict 7 dict dup begin put /pre38Initialize { /endStringLength endString length store /newBuff buffer 0 endStringLength getinterval store /newBuffButFirst newBuff 1 endStringLength 1 sub getinterval store /newBuffLast newBuff endStringLength 1 sub 1 getinterval store } def /shiftBuffer { newBuff 0 newBuffButFirst putinterval newBuffLast 0 currentfile read not { stop } if put } def 0 { pre38Initialize mark currentfile newBuff readstring exch pop { { newBuff endString eq { cleartomark stop } if shiftBuffer } loop } { stop } ifelse } def 1 { pre38Initialize /beginString exch store mark currentfile newBuff readstring exch pop { { newBuff beginString eq { /layerCount dup load 1 add store } { newBuff endString eq { /layerCount dup load 1 sub store layerCount 0 eq { cleartomark stop } if } if } ifelse shiftBuffer } loop } if } def 2 { mark { currentfile buffer readline not { stop } if endString eq { cleartomark stop } if } loop } def 3 { /beginString exch store /layerCnt 1 store mark { currentfile buffer readline not { stop } if dup beginString eq { pop /layerCnt dup load 1 add store } { endString eq { layerCnt 1 eq { cleartomark stop } { /layerCnt dup load 1 sub store } ifelse } if } ifelse } loop } def end userdict /clipRenderOff 15 dict dup begin put { /n /N /s /S /f /F /b /B } { { _doClip 1 eq { /_doClip 0 ddef _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse } if newpath } def } forall /Tr /pop load def /Bb {} def /BB /pop load def /Bg {12 npop} def /Bm {6 npop} def /Bc /Bm load def /Bh {4 npop} def end /Lb { 4 npop 6 1 roll pop 4 1 roll pop pop pop 0 eq { 0 eq { (%AI5_BeginLayer) 1 (%AI5_EndLayer--) discard } { /clipForward? true def /Tx /pop load def /Tj /pop load def currentdict end clipRenderOff begin begin } ifelse } { 0 eq { save /discardSave exch store } if } ifelse } bind def /LB { discardSave dup null ne { restore } { pop clipForward? { currentdict end end begin /clipForward? false ddef } if } ifelse } bind def /Pb { pop pop 0 (%AI5_EndPalette) discard } bind def /Np { 0 (%AI5_End_NonPrinting--) discard } bind def /Ln /pop load def /Ap /pop load def /Ar { 72 exch div 0 dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt dup 1 lt { pop 1 } if setflat } def /Mb { q } def /Md { } def /MB { Q } def /nc 3 dict def nc begin /setgray { pop } bind def /setcmykcolor { 4 npop } bind def /setcustomcolor { 2 npop } bind def currentdict readonly pop end end setpacking Adobe_level2_AI5 /initialize get exec Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 Adobe_typography_AI5 /initialize get exec Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 /initialize get exec Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 /initialize get exec [ 39/quotesingle 96/grave 128/Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis /Udieresis/aacute/agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute /egrave/ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde /oacute/ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex /udieresis/dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/.notdef/AE/Oslash /.notdef/plusminus/.notdef/.notdef/yen/mu/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/.notdef/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/.notdef/florin/.notdef/.notdef /guillemotleft/guillemotright/ellipsis/.notdef/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide /.notdef/ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright /fi/fl/daggerdbl/periodcentered/quotesinglbase/quotedblbase/perthousand /Acircumflex/Ecircumflex/Aacute/Edieresis/Egrave/Iacute/Icircumflex /Idieresis/Igrave/Oacute/Ocircumflex/.notdef/Ograve/Uacute/Ucircumflex /Ugrave/dotlessi/circumflex/tilde/macron/breve/dotaccent/ring/cedilla /hungarumlaut/ogonek/caron TE %AI3_BeginEncoding: _Times-Italic Times-Italic 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Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o(hell,)h(McGra)o(w)e(Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 82 9 82 8 bop 25 160 a Fn(Binomial)36 b(Probabilit)m(y)h(Distributi)q(on)p 0 321 1947 2 v 0 424 a 23681433 10893456 9472573 21313290 23155179 27694120 startTexFig 0 424 a %%BeginDocument: ./bookps/binom40-0.3.eps %AI5_FileFormat 2.0 %AI3_ColorUsage: Black&White %AI3_TemplateBox: 306 396 306 396 %AI3_TileBox: 31 31 583 761 %AI3_DocumentPreview: Macintosh_ColorPic %AI5_ArtSize: 612 792 %AI5_RulerUnits: 2 %AI5_ArtFlags: 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 %AI5_TargetResolution: 800 %AI5_NumLayers: 1 %AI5_OpenToView: 106 500 3 1018 725 26 0 1 3 40 %AI5_OpenViewLayers: 7 userdict /Adobe_level2_AI5 23 dict dup begin put /packedarray where not { userdict begin /packedarray { array astore readonly } bind def /setpacking /pop load def /currentpacking false def end 0 } if pop userdict /defaultpacking currentpacking put true setpacking /initialize { Adobe_level2_AI5 begin } bind def /terminate { currentdict Adobe_level2_AI5 eq { end } if } bind def mark /setcustomcolor where not { /findcmykcustomcolor { 5 packedarray } bind def /setcustomcolor { exch aload pop pop 4 { 4 index mul 4 1 roll } repeat 5 -1 roll pop setcmykcolor } def } if /gt38? mark {version cvr cvx exec} stopped {cleartomark true} {38 gt exch pop} ifelse def userdict /deviceDPI 72 0 matrix defaultmatrix dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt put userdict /level2? systemdict /languagelevel known dup { pop systemdict /languagelevel get 2 ge } if put /level2ScreenFreq { begin 60 HalftoneType 1 eq { pop Frequency } if HalftoneType 2 eq { pop GrayFrequency } if HalftoneType 5 eq { pop Default level2ScreenFreq } if end } bind def userdict /currentScreenFreq level2? {currenthalftone level2ScreenFreq} {currentscreen pop pop} ifelse put level2? not { /setcmykcolor where not { /setcmykcolor { exch .11 mul add exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add 1 exch sub setgray } def } if /currentcmykcolor where not { /currentcmykcolor { 0 0 0 1 currentgray sub } def } if /setoverprint where not { /setoverprint /pop load def } if /selectfont where not { /selectfont { exch findfont exch dup type /arraytype eq { makefont } { scalefont } ifelse setfont } bind def } if /cshow where not { /cshow { [ 0 0 5 -1 roll aload pop ] cvx bind forall } bind def } if } if cleartomark /anyColor? { add add add 0 ne } bind def /testColor { gsave setcmykcolor currentcmykcolor grestore } bind def /testCMYKColorThrough { testColor anyColor? } bind def userdict /composite? level2? { gsave 1 1 1 1 setcmykcolor currentcmykcolor grestore add add add 4 eq } { 1 0 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 1 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 0 1 0 testCMYKColorThrough 0 0 0 1 testCMYKColorThrough and and and } ifelse put composite? not { userdict begin gsave /cyan? 1 0 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /magenta? 0 1 0 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /yellow? 0 0 1 0 testCMYKColorThrough def /black? 0 0 0 1 testCMYKColorThrough def grestore /isCMYKSep? cyan? magenta? yellow? black? or or or def /customColor? isCMYKSep? not def end } if end defaultpacking setpacking currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_typography_AI5 54 dict dup begin put /initialize { begin begin Adobe_typography_AI5 begin Adobe_typography_AI5 { dup xcheck { bind } if pop pop } forall end end end Adobe_typography_AI5 begin } def /terminate { currentdict Adobe_typography_AI5 eq { end } if } def /modifyEncoding { /_tempEncode exch ddef /_pntr 0 ddef { counttomark -1 roll dup type dup /marktype eq { pop pop exit } { /nametype eq { _tempEncode /_pntr dup load dup 3 1 roll 1 add ddef 3 -1 roll put } { /_pntr exch ddef } ifelse } ifelse } loop _tempEncode } def /TE { StandardEncoding 256 array copy modifyEncoding /_nativeEncoding exch def } def % /TZ { dup type /arraytype eq { /_wv exch def } { /_wv 0 def } ifelse /_useNativeEncoding exch def pop pop findfont _wv type /arraytype eq { _wv makeblendedfont } if dup length 2 add dict begin mark exch { 1 index /FID ne { def } if cleartomark mark } forall pop /FontName exch def counttomark 0 eq { 1 _useNativeEncoding eq { /Encoding _nativeEncoding def } if cleartomark } { /Encoding load 256 array copy modifyEncoding /Encoding exch def } ifelse FontName currentdict end definefont pop } def /tr { _ax _ay 3 2 roll } def /trj { _cx _cy _sp _ax _ay 6 5 roll } def /a0 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /a1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll tr _psf newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave dup currentpoint 3 2 roll trj _pjsf newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /e0 { /Tx { tr _psf } ddef /Tj { trj _pjsf } ddef } def /e1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave tr _psf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll gsave trj _pjsf grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /i0 { /Tx { tr sp } ddef /Tj { trj jsp } ddef } def /i1 { W N } def /o0 { /Tx { tr sw rmoveto } ddef /Tj { trj swj rmoveto } ddef } def /r0 { /Tx { tr _ctm _pss } ddef /Tj { trj _ctm _pjss } ddef } def /r1 { /Tx { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto tr _ctm _pss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr sp } ddef /Tj { dup currentpoint 4 2 roll currentpoint gsave newpath moveto trj _ctm _pjss grestore 3 1 roll moveto tr jsp } ddef } def /To { pop _ctm currentmatrix pop } def /TO { iTe _ctm setmatrix newpath } def /Tp { pop _tm astore pop _ctm setmatrix _tDict begin /W { } def /h { } def } def /TP { end iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Tr { _render 3 le { currentpoint newpath moveto } if dup 8 eq { pop 0 } { dup 9 eq { pop 1 } if } ifelse dup /_render exch ddef _renderStart exch get load exec } def /iTm { _ctm setmatrix _tm concat 0 _rise translate _hs 1 scale } def /Tm { _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /Td { _mtx translate _tm _tm concatmatrix pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /iTe { _render -1 eq { } { _renderEnd _render get dup null ne { load exec } { pop } ifelse } ifelse /_render -1 ddef } def /Ta { pop } def /Tf { dup 1000 div /_fScl exch ddef % selectfont } def /Tl { pop 0 exch _leading astore pop } def /Tt { pop } def /TW { 3 npop } def /Tw { /_cx exch ddef } def /TC { 3 npop } def /Tc { /_ax exch ddef } def /Ts { /_rise exch ddef currentpoint iTm moveto } def /Ti { 3 npop } def /Tz { 100 div /_hs exch ddef iTm } def /TA { pop } def /Tq { pop } def /Th { pop pop pop pop pop } def /TX { pop } def /Tk { exch pop _fScl mul neg 0 rmoveto } def /TK { 2 npop } def /T* { _leading aload pop neg Td } def /T*- { _leading aload pop Td } def /T- { _ax neg 0 rmoveto _hyphen Tx } def /T+ { } def /TR { _ctm currentmatrix pop _tm astore pop iTm 0 0 moveto } def /TS { currentfont 3 1 roll /_Symbol_ _fScl 1000 mul selectfont 0 eq { Tx } { Tj } ifelse setfont } def /Xb { pop pop } def /Tb /Xb load def /Xe { pop pop pop pop } def /Te /Xe load def /XB { } def /TB /XB load def currentdict readonly pop end setpacking userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 known not { userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 17 dict put } if userdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 get begin /initialize { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 begin Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 { dup type /arraytype eq { dup xcheck { bind } if } if pop pop } forall } def /terminate { end } def currentdict /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars known not { /Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars 14 dict def } if Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /channelcount 0 def /sourcecount 0 def /sourcearray 4 array def /plateindex -1 def /XIMask 0 def /XIBinary 0 def /XIChannelCount 0 def /XIBitsPerPixel 0 def /XIImageHeight 0 def /XIImageWidth 0 def /XIImageMatrix null def /XIBuffer null def /XIDataProc null def end /WalkRGBString null def /WalkCMYKString null def /StuffRGBIntoGrayString null def /RGBToGrayImageProc null def /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString null def /CMYKToGrayImageProc null def /ColorImageCompositeEmulator null def /SeparateCMYKImageProc null def /FourEqual null def /TestPlateIndex null def currentdict /_colorimage known not { /colorimage where { /colorimage get /_colorimage exch def } { /_colorimage null def } ifelse } if /_currenttransfer systemdict /currenttransfer get def /colorimage null def /XI null def /WalkRGBString { 0 3 index dup length 1 sub 0 3 3 -1 roll { 3 getinterval { } forall 5 index exec 3 index } for 5 { pop } repeat } def /WalkCMYKString { 0 3 index dup length 1 sub 0 4 3 -1 roll { 4 getinterval { } forall 6 index exec 3 index } for 5 { pop } repeat } def /StuffRGBIntoGrayString { .11 mul exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add cvi 3 copy put pop 1 add } def /RGBToGrayImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 3 idiv string dup 3 1 roll /StuffRGBIntoGrayString load exch WalkRGBString end } def /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString { exch .11 mul add exch .59 mul add exch .3 mul add dup 255 gt { pop 255 } if 255 exch sub cvi 3 copy put pop 1 add } def /CMYKToGrayImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 4 idiv string dup 3 1 roll /StuffCMYKIntoGrayString load exch WalkCMYKString end } def /ColorImageCompositeEmulator { pop true eq { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /sourcecount get 5 add { pop } repeat } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /channelcount get 1 ne { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcearray 0 3 -1 roll put channelcount 3 eq { /RGBToGrayImageProc } { /CMYKToGrayImageProc } ifelse load end } if image } ifelse } def /SeparateCMYKImageProc { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcecount 0 ne { sourcearray plateindex get exec } { sourcearray 0 get exec dup length 4 idiv string 0 2 index plateindex 4 2 index length 1 sub { get 255 exch sub 3 copy put pop 1 add 2 index } for pop pop exch pop } ifelse end } def /FourEqual { 4 index ne { pop pop pop false } { 4 index ne { pop pop false } { 4 index ne { pop false } { 4 index eq } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } def /TestPlateIndex { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /plateindex -1 def /setcmykcolor where { pop gsave 1 0 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 1 0 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 1 0 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub 0 0 0 1 setcmykcolor systemdict /currentgray get exec 1 exch sub grestore 1 0 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 0 def } { 0 1 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 1 def } { 0 0 1 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 2 def } { 0 0 0 1 FourEqual { /plateindex 3 def } { 0 0 0 0 FourEqual { /plateindex 5 def } if } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse pop pop pop pop } if plateindex end } def /colorimage { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin /channelcount 1 index def /sourcecount 2 index 1 eq { channelcount 1 sub } { 0 } ifelse def 4 sourcecount add index dup 8 eq exch 1 eq or not end { /_colorimage load null ne { _colorimage } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /sourcecount get 7 add { pop } repeat } ifelse } { dup 3 eq TestPlateIndex dup -1 eq exch 5 eq or or { /_colorimage load null eq { ColorImageCompositeEmulator } { dup 1 eq { pop pop image } { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /plateindex get 5 eq { gsave 0 _currenttransfer exec 1 _currenttransfer exec eq { 0 _currenttransfer exec 0.5 lt } { 0 _currenttransfer exec 1 _currenttransfer exec gt } ifelse { { pop 0 } } { { pop 1 } } ifelse systemdict /settransfer get exec } if _colorimage Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars /plateindex get 5 eq { grestore } if } ifelse } ifelse } { dup 1 eq { pop pop image } { pop pop Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin sourcecount -1 0 { exch sourcearray 3 1 roll put } for /SeparateCMYKImageProc load end systemdict /image get exec } ifelse } ifelse } ifelse } def /XI { Adobe_ColorImage_AI6_Vars begin gsave /XIMask exch 0 ne def /XIBinary exch 0 ne def pop pop /XIChannelCount exch def /XIBitsPerPixel exch def /XIImageHeight exch def /XIImageWidth exch def pop pop pop pop /XIImageMatrix exch def XIBitsPerPixel 1 eq { XIImageWidth 8 div ceiling cvi } { XIImageWidth XIChannelCount mul } ifelse /XIBuffer exch string def XIBinary { /XIDataProc { currentfile XIBuffer readstring pop } def currentfile 128 string readline pop pop } { /XIDataProc { currentfile XIBuffer readhexstring pop } def } ifelse 0 0 moveto XIImageMatrix concat XIImageWidth XIImageHeight scale XIMask { XIImageWidth XIImageHeight false [ XIImageWidth 0 0 XIImageHeight neg 0 0 ] /XIDataProc load /_lp /null ddef _fc /_lp /imagemask ddef imagemask } { XIImageWidth XIImageHeight XIBitsPerPixel [ XIImageWidth 0 0 XIImageHeight neg 0 0 ] /XIDataProc load XIChannelCount 1 eq { gsave 0 setgray image grestore } { false XIChannelCount colorimage } ifelse } ifelse grestore end } def end currentpacking true setpacking userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars 81 dict dup begin put /_eo false def /_lp /none def /_pf { } def /_ps { } def /_psf { } def /_pss { } def /_pjsf { } def /_pjss { } def /_pola 0 def /_doClip 0 def /cf currentflat def /_tm matrix def /_renderStart [ /e0 /r0 /a0 /o0 /e1 /r1 /a1 /i0 ] def /_renderEnd [ null null null null /i1 /i1 /i1 /i1 ] def /_render -1 def /_rise 0 def /_ax 0 def /_ay 0 def /_cx 0 def /_cy 0 def /_leading [ 0 0 ] def /_ctm matrix def /_mtx matrix def /_sp 16#020 def /_hyphen (-) def /_fScl 0 def /_cnt 0 def /_hs 1 def /_nativeEncoding 0 def /_useNativeEncoding 0 def /_tempEncode 0 def /_pntr 0 def /_tDict 2 dict def /_wv 0 def /Tx { } def /Tj { } def /CRender { } def /_AI3_savepage { } def /_gf null def /_cf 4 array def /_if null def /_of false def /_fc { } def /_gs null def /_cs 4 array def /_is null def /_os false def /_sc { } def /_pd 1 dict def /_ed 15 dict def /_pm matrix def /_fm null def /_fd null def /_fdd null def /_sm null def /_sd null def /_sdd null def /_i null def /discardSave null def /buffer 256 string def /beginString null def /endString null def /endStringLength null def /layerCnt 1 def /layerCount 1 def /perCent (%) 0 get def /perCentSeen? false def /newBuff null def /newBuffButFirst null def /newBuffLast null def /clipForward? false def end userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 known not { userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 91 dict put } if userdict /Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 get begin /initialize { Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 dup begin Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars begin discardDict { bind pop pop } forall dup /nc get begin { dup xcheck 1 index type /operatortype ne and { bind } if pop pop } forall end newpath } def /terminate { end end } def /_ null def /ddef { Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars 3 1 roll put } def /xput { dup load dup length exch maxlength eq { dup dup load dup length 2 mul dict copy def } if load begin def end } def /npop { { pop } repeat } def /sw { dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll mul add } def /swj { dup 4 1 roll dup length exch stringwidth exch 5 -1 roll 3 index mul add 4 1 roll 3 1 roll mul add 6 2 roll /_cnt 0 ddef { 1 index eq { /_cnt _cnt 1 add ddef } if } forall pop exch _cnt mul exch _cnt mul 2 index add 4 1 roll 2 index add 4 1 roll pop pop } def /ss { 4 1 roll { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop gsave false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 3 npop } def /jss { 4 1 roll { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put gsave _sp eq { exch 6 index 6 index 6 index 5 -1 roll widthshow currentpoint } { false charpath currentpoint 4 index setmatrix stroke } ifelse grestore moveto 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 6 npop } def /sp { { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put pop false charpath 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 2 npop } def /jsp { { 2 npop (0) exch 2 copy 0 exch put _sp eq { exch 5 index 5 index 5 index 5 -1 roll widthshow } { false charpath } ifelse 2 copy rmoveto } exch cshow 5 npop } def /pl { transform 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch 0.25 sub round 0.25 add exch itransform } def /setstrokeadjust where { pop true setstrokeadjust /c { curveto } def /C /c load def /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll curveto } def /V /v load def /y { 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l { lineto } def /L /l load def /m { moveto } def } { /c { pl curveto } def /C /c load def /v { currentpoint 6 2 roll pl curveto } def /V /v load def /y { pl 2 copy curveto } def /Y /y load def /l { pl lineto } def /L /l load def /m { pl moveto } def } ifelse /d { setdash } def /cf { } def /i { dup 0 eq { pop cf } if setflat } def /j { setlinejoin } def /J { setlinecap } def /M { setmiterlimit } def /w { setlinewidth } def /XR { 0 ne /_eo exch ddef } def /H { } def /h { closepath } def /N { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse /_doClip 0 ddef } if newpath } { /CRender { N } ddef } ifelse } def /n { N } def /F { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _pf grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _fc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _pf } ifelse } { /CRender { F } ddef } ifelse } def /f { closepath F } def /S { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq { gsave _ps grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { _ps } ifelse } { /CRender { S } ddef } ifelse } def /s { closepath S } def /B { _pola 0 eq { _doClip 1 eq gsave F grestore { gsave S grestore _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse newpath /_lp /none ddef _sc /_doClip 0 ddef } { S } ifelse } { /CRender { B } ddef } ifelse } def /b { closepath B } def /W { /_doClip 1 ddef } def /* { count 0 ne { dup type /stringtype eq { pop } if } if newpath } def /u { } def /U { } def /q { _pola 0 eq { gsave } if } def /Q { _pola 0 eq { grestore } if } def /*u { _pola 1 add /_pola exch ddef } def /*U { _pola 1 sub /_pola exch ddef _pola 0 eq { CRender } if } def /D { pop } def /*w { } def /*W { } def /` { /_i save ddef clipForward? { nulldevice } if 6 1 roll 4 npop concat pop userdict begin /showpage { } def 0 setgray 0 setlinecap 1 setlinewidth 0 setlinejoin 10 setmiterlimit [] 0 setdash /setstrokeadjust where {pop false setstrokeadjust} if newpath 0 setgray false setoverprint } def /~ { end _i restore } def /O { 0 ne /_of exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /R { 0 ne /_os exch ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /g { /_gf exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _gf setgray /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /G { /_gs exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _gs setgray /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /k { _cf astore pop /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _cf aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /K { _cs astore pop /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _cs aload pop setcmykcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /x { /_gf exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_if exch ddef /_fc { _lp /fill ne { _of setoverprint _if _gf 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /fill ddef } if } ddef /_pf { _fc _eo {eofill} {fill} ifelse } ddef /_psf { _fc ashow } ddef /_pjsf { _fc awidthshow } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /X { /_gs exch ddef findcmykcustomcolor /_is exch ddef /_sc { _lp /stroke ne { _os setoverprint _is _gs 1 exch sub setcustomcolor /_lp /stroke ddef } if } ddef /_ps { _sc stroke } ddef /_pss { _sc ss } ddef /_pjss { _sc jss } ddef /_lp /none ddef } def /A { pop } def /annotatepage { userdict /annotatepage 2 copy known {get exec} {pop pop} ifelse } def /XT { pop pop } def /discard { save /discardSave exch store discardDict begin /endString exch store gt38? { 2 add } if load stopped pop end discardSave restore } bind def userdict /discardDict 7 dict dup begin put /pre38Initialize { /endStringLength endString length store /newBuff buffer 0 endStringLength getinterval store /newBuffButFirst newBuff 1 endStringLength 1 sub getinterval store /newBuffLast newBuff endStringLength 1 sub 1 getinterval store } def /shiftBuffer { newBuff 0 newBuffButFirst putinterval newBuffLast 0 currentfile read not { stop } if put } def 0 { pre38Initialize mark currentfile newBuff readstring exch pop { { newBuff endString eq { cleartomark stop } if shiftBuffer } loop } { stop } ifelse } def 1 { pre38Initialize /beginString exch store mark currentfile newBuff readstring exch pop { { newBuff beginString eq { /layerCount dup load 1 add store } { newBuff endString eq { /layerCount dup load 1 sub store layerCount 0 eq { cleartomark stop } if } if } ifelse shiftBuffer } loop } if } def 2 { mark { currentfile buffer readline not { stop } if endString eq { cleartomark stop } if } loop } def 3 { /beginString exch store /layerCnt 1 store mark { currentfile buffer readline not { stop } if dup beginString eq { pop /layerCnt dup load 1 add store } { endString eq { layerCnt 1 eq { cleartomark stop } { /layerCnt dup load 1 sub store } ifelse } if } ifelse } loop } def end userdict /clipRenderOff 15 dict dup begin put { /n /N /s /S /f /F /b /B } { { _doClip 1 eq { /_doClip 0 ddef _eo {eoclip} {clip} ifelse } if newpath } def } forall /Tr /pop load def /Bb {} def /BB /pop load def /Bg {12 npop} def /Bm {6 npop} def /Bc /Bm load def /Bh {4 npop} def end /Lb { 4 npop 6 1 roll pop 4 1 roll pop pop pop 0 eq { 0 eq { (%AI5_BeginLayer) 1 (%AI5_EndLayer--) discard } { /clipForward? true def /Tx /pop load def /Tj /pop load def currentdict end clipRenderOff begin begin } ifelse } { 0 eq { save /discardSave exch store } if } ifelse } bind def /LB { discardSave dup null ne { restore } { pop clipForward? { currentdict end end begin /clipForward? false ddef } if } ifelse } bind def /Pb { pop pop 0 (%AI5_EndPalette) discard } bind def /Np { 0 (%AI5_End_NonPrinting--) discard } bind def /Ln /pop load def /Ap /pop load def /Ar { 72 exch div 0 dtransform dup mul exch dup mul add sqrt dup 1 lt { pop 1 } if setflat } def /Mb { q } def /Md { } def /MB { Q } def /nc 3 dict def nc begin /setgray { pop } bind def /setcmykcolor { 4 npop } bind def /setcustomcolor { 2 npop } bind def currentdict readonly pop end end setpacking Adobe_level2_AI5 /initialize get exec Adobe_Illustrator_AI5_vars Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 Adobe_typography_AI5 /initialize get exec Adobe_ColorImage_AI6 /initialize get exec Adobe_Illustrator_AI5 /initialize get exec [ 39/quotesingle 96/grave 128/Adieresis/Aring/Ccedilla/Eacute/Ntilde/Odieresis /Udieresis/aacute/agrave/acircumflex/adieresis/atilde/aring/ccedilla/eacute /egrave/ecircumflex/edieresis/iacute/igrave/icircumflex/idieresis/ntilde /oacute/ograve/ocircumflex/odieresis/otilde/uacute/ugrave/ucircumflex /udieresis/dagger/degree/cent/sterling/section/bullet/paragraph/germandbls /registered/copyright/trademark/acute/dieresis/.notdef/AE/Oslash /.notdef/plusminus/.notdef/.notdef/yen/mu/.notdef/.notdef /.notdef/.notdef/.notdef/ordfeminine/ordmasculine/.notdef/ae/oslash /questiondown/exclamdown/logicalnot/.notdef/florin/.notdef/.notdef /guillemotleft/guillemotright/ellipsis/.notdef/Agrave/Atilde/Otilde/OE/oe /endash/emdash/quotedblleft/quotedblright/quoteleft/quoteright/divide /.notdef/ydieresis/Ydieresis/fraction/currency/guilsinglleft/guilsinglright 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b(where)829 1945 y(\026)825 1968 y Fq(\016)f Fr(\021)989 1910 y Fs(1)p 986 1947 48 2 v 986 2027 a Fq(k)1085 1905 y Fk(k)1072 1917 y Fj(X)1053 2026 y Fk(i)p Fh(=1)1165 1968 y Fq(\016)1203 1981 y Fk(i)0 2748 y Fp(92)357 b(lecture)17 b(slides)f(for)f(textb)q(o) q(ok)g Fo(Machine)h(L)n(e)n(arning)p Fp(,)c(T.)j(Mitc)o(hell,)h(McGra)o (w)e(Hill,)j(1997)p eop %%Page: 93 20 93 19 bop 25 156 a Fn(Comparing)28 b(learning)h(algorithms)f Fq(L)1504 185 y(A)1598 156 y Fn(and)g Fq(L)1851 185 y(B)p 0 321 1947 2 v 0 550 a Fs(Notice)i(w)n(e'd)f(lik)n(e)i(to)e(use)g(the)g (paired)g Fq(t)g Fs(test)h(on)1643 527 y(\026)1639 550 y Fq(\016)j Fs(to)0 654 y(obtain)d(a)f(con\014dence)g(in)n(terv)-5 b(al)0 807 y(but)29 b(not)g(really)i(correct,)e(b)r(ecause)h(the)f (training)i(sets)e(in)0 911 y(this)h(algorithm)f(are)g(not)g(indep)r (enden)n(t)h(\(they)g(o)n(v)n(erlap!\))0 1065 y(more)d(correct)j(to)f (view)i(algorithm)e(as)g(pro)r(ducing)g(an)0 1169 y(estimate)h(of)231 1322 y Fq(E)295 1335 y Fk(S)s Fl(\032)p 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