Debian -- Debian Releases (original) (raw)
Debian always has at least three releases in active maintenance: stable, testing andunstable.
The stable distribution contains the latest officially released distribution of Debian.
This is the production release of Debian, the one which we primarily recommend using.
The current stable distribution of Debian is version 12, codenamed bookworm. It was initially released as version 12.0 on June 10th, 2023 and its latest update, version 12.8, was released on November 9th, 2024.
The testing distribution contains packages that haven't been accepted into a stable release yet, but they are in the queue for that. The main advantage of using this distribution is that it has more recent versions of software.
See the Debian FAQ for more information onwhat is testing and how it becomesstable.
The current testing distribution is trixie.
The unstable distribution is where active development of Debian occurs. Generally, this distribution is run by developers and those who like to live on the edge. It is recommended that users running unstable should subscribe to the debian-devel-announce mailing list to receive notifications of major changes, for example upgrades that may break.
The unstable distribution is always called sid.
Release life cycle
Debian announces its new stable release on a regular basis. The Debian release life cycle encompasses five years: the first three years of full support followed by two years of Long Term Support (LTS).
See Debian Releases Wiki page and Debian LTS Wiki page for detailed information.
Index of releases
| Version | Code Name | Release Date | End of Life (EOL) | EOL LTS | EOL ELTS | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | Forky | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | Codename announced |
| 13 | Trixie | TBA | TBA | TBA | TBA | testing — no release date has been set |
| 12 | Bookworm | 2023-06-10 | 2026-06-10 | 2028-06-30 | 2033-06-30 | Current stable release |
| 11 | Bullseye | 2021-08-14 | 2024-08-14 | 2026-08-31 | 2031-06-30 | Current oldstable release |
| 10 | Buster | 2019-07-06 | 2022-09-10 | 2024-06-30 | 2029-06-30 | Archived release, under third-party paid extended LTS support |
| 9 | Stretch | 2017-06-17 | 2020-07-18 | 2022-07-01 | 2027-06-30 | Archived release, under third-party paid extended LTS support |
| 8 | Jessie | 2015-04-25 | 2018-06-17 | 2020-06-30 | 2025-06-30 | Archived release, under third-party paid extended LTS support |
Older releases:
- Debian 7.0 (wheezy) — obsolete stable release
- Debian 6.0 (squeeze) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 5.0 (lenny) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 4.0 (etch) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 3.1 (sarge) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 3.0 (woody) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.2 (potato) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.1 (slink) — obsolete stable release
- Debian GNU/Linux 2.0 (hamm) — obsolete stable release
The web pages for the obsolete Debian releases are kept intact, but the releases themselves can only be found in a separatearchive.
See the Debian FAQ for an explanation ofwhere all these codenames came from.
Integrity of the data in the releases
Data integrity is granted by a digitally signed Releasefile. To ensure that all files in the release belong to it, checksums of all Packages files are copied into the Releasefile.
Digital signatures for this file are stored in the fileRelease.gpg, using the current version of the archive signing key. For stable and oldstable an additional signature is generated using an offline key specifically generated for a release by a member of the Stable Release Team.