YAMAKA-BHARATHA (original) (raw)
YAMAKA-BHARATHA
by
Madhusudan Bheemasena Rao
On
On this auspicious day of "Madhvanavami" I would like to present series of
postings on our� Guru Srimadhacharya's "Mahakaavya" in yamakalankara titled
"YAMAKA-BHARATHA". I have taken the material from the book titled "YAMAKA
BHARATHA" by DR.D.N.Shanbag .This book was published by my brother-in-law Sri
Ashok Huddar of Bharat Prakashan of Dharwar in memory of his father Late Sri
Bheemarao Huddar well known Publisher,so no copy right issues involved.I take
this opportunity to thank Sri Keshavarao Tadipatri for supplying me ITRANS
version of all shlokas and Sri� Srisha Rao for posting this to Dvaita List
In service of Harivayu Gurugalu,
Madhusudan Bheemasena Rao
Introduction
============
Sri Madhvacharya's Yamakabharatha has been rightly judged as
"VishvaVismya"(amazing to the world) by Narayana Panditaacharya.As a poem, it
is an unequalled wonder of worthy of universal admiration. It is an epitome of
an epitome (Mahabaratha-tatparya-Nirnaya) of the voluminous epic Mahabaratha.
It is "Krishana Katha" being the cream of "Mahabaratha".It is a model
abridgement.It embodies "Ekaksharayamshlok" only of its kind in the whole
range of Sanskrit literature. It contains a verse affording more than twenty
meanings, all cogent and significant.This verse has pushed far behind
Sriharsha's verse having five different meanings. It is the rich and juicy
fruit of the spontaneous overflow ofindepth and inherent devotion of
Srimadhacharya to Lord Krishna.If Valmiki's sorrow(shok) took the form of a
verse(shlok), Srimadhacharya's devotion Bhakti poured in the form of "Krishna
Katha".It is not a figurative poem on the basis of its containing "Yamak" a
shabalankar.It contains an uninterrupted flow of the current Bhakti fit to be
realised by connoisseurs.As "Bhaktiras" is felt�predominantly ,the poem is
though called a "Chitrakavitha" can be classified as excellent poem. As a
master-poet Sri Madhvacharya has demonstrated to the world that "Yamalankar"
can be employed effectively to cause and enhance the beauty of a
poem.Moreover,for Bhaktas it is a devotional poem able to arouse and
accelerate "Krishnabakti" in their hearts.For "Paataks" it is a holy poem,the
recital of which has the power to yield desired fruits.For "Sadhakas" it is a
sacred� "Mantra" impelling them to advance on the path of their spiritual
progress leading to God-Realisation and final liberation. These and many more
are the unique features of SriMadhvacharya's "Yamakabharatha", a classic by
itself.
A work like the "Yamakabharatha" of Srimadhacharya,by its very nature cannot
be understood fully without the help of a commentary.The reasons are
obvious.The poet is not only a first-rate genius but is renowned philosopher
too. Besides he is an eternal and perfect devotee of Lord Vishnu, the Supreme
God. Sri Naraharithirtha ,direct disciple of Srimadhacharya has written two
commentaries one in verse and another in prose. In the book ,I am referring
to ,author Sri Dr.D.N.Shanbag has dealt extensively tika and tippani of Sri
Naraharithirtha and Sri Yadupati Acharya and also referred to works of Sri
Guttal Hayagrivacharya, Sri Bannanje Govindacharya,Agrahar Narayana tantri,
Sri HH Shri Vidhyadhishatirthaswamiji, Shri T.S.Raghavendran,Vidhwan A
Haridasa batta.I am proposing to post Summary of meanings of each verse/day
as it will be voluminous to post all tika and tippanis.Only verse no 78
containing only ba's will be dealt extensively.
OM dhyAyet.h paramAnandaM yanmAtA patimayadaparamAnandam.h |
ujjhitaparamAnaM dampatyAdyAdyAshramaiH sadaiva paramAnandam.h || 1||
This is the first verse of the "Yamaka Bharatha".Hereby Sri Madhvacharya
instructs one to meditate upon Lord Vishnu. Here the word "paramAnandam" is
repeated four times and the whole verse has been translated in two ways.
In the first Translation,
(i)That Lord Vishnu should always be meditated upon. He their Lord,is
resorted
to by Brahma who has rightly known him,together with gods performing duties
befitting to their stages like Brahmacarya or celibacy.He has none superior
to
him; He gives pleasure to all; He destroys the pride of the enemies; and He
is
of the form of bliss and is full of supreme bliss.
In the seocnd Translation,
(ii) Supremely blissful Lord Vishnu should always be meditated upon.He is
resorted to by Mother Lakshmi to secure bliss.He is her Lord and she has only
Lord Vishnu denoted by letter "A" as superior to her.He is full of unlimited
bliss.He bestows knowledge to those souls who has driven away internal
enemies
like passion through the performance of deeds fit for the four stages of
life,like Brahmacarya or celibacy.And he grants inherent and pure bliss to
deserving noble souls.
yasya karALoLaM chakraM kALaH paraH sa hi karALoLam.h� |
yasya gadA pavamAnaH san.h yo vyAso.abhavat.h sadApavamAnaH� || 2||
Before creation of the world,the teriffic disc revolving round in Lord
Vishnu's hand,was Kaala(=Durga) and His mace was Pavamana(=Vayu).Such Lord
Vishnu of independent functioning intending to create the world existing in
Himself,manifested in various forms.And He incarnated as Sage Vyasa in the
family of Vasistha.
yasya ramA na manogaM jagR^ihe vishvambharA.api na mano.agam.h� |
yasya pumAnAnandaM bhuN^kte yad.h dhAma kapatimAnAnandam.h� || 3||
Even the all-knowing Goddess Lakshmi,the supporter of the universe has not
comprehended the knowledge of Sage Vyasa.The person who eulogises the
Sage,enjoys permanent bliss.His form bestows bliss to Brahma,Rudra, Lakshmi
and Vayu.
parameshhu yadA tejaH parameshhu chakAra vAsudevo.ajaH� |
mAnadhi bibhratsu mano mA.anadhimA.a.asInna vAsudevo jaH� || 4||
Because He imparted excellent knowledge of the Lord to these gods who are
superior to even Indra and who bear minds full of knowledge,because His grace
has made Goddess Lakshmi superior in knowledge to even Brahma and other gods,
and because He is the prompter of presiding deities of nine organs,He is the
Unborn, is called Vaasudeva. He is not born as the son of Vasudeva to be
called Vaasudeva.
so.ajani devakyante yasmAdanukampanAvadeva kyante� |
avadan.h devakyaM te bhuvanaM hi surAH sadaivade.ava kyante� || 5||
This verse refers to popular belief of Lord Krishna's birth as the son of
Devaki and Vasudeva. It is made clear that He took birth near Devaki and not
from her woomb.The verse contains "devakyante" occuring at four places and it
can be interpreted in several ways.�
Putting all interpretations together the simple translation of this verse
turns out tobe
Lord Krishna took birth nearby Devaki to destroy demons.(So,He is not son of
Vasudeva).He is the highest limit of blissful gods,and He was prayed by gods
to show to pity on them.(So,He is not son of Vasudeva).He was prayed by gods
to protect the world created by� Brahma as the world is under His control and
as the destruction of blissful souls was approaching.(So,He is not son of
Vasudeva).
Sri Vaadirajaru in one of his compositions says
"Huttidaagle moolaroopava thOri attidha sujanara thApava"
nIto vasudevena svatatena sa gokuLaM suvasude.ave na� |
tatra yashodA tanayaM mene kR^ishhNaM svakIyamavadAtanayam.h� || 6||
Herewith begins a brief account of the important incidents in the life of Lord
Krishna.
That Krishna was taken to Gokula by his father being prompted by Him Who had
pervaded him.There,Yashodha together with Nandagopa, the Lord of vaisyas
owning abundant wealth,believed Krishna, the Controller of pure released
souls, to be their own son.
Sri Purandara daasaru sings this ignorance of Yashoda as
"Jagadodhdharana maganendu thiLiyutha magugaLa maaNikyana AdisidhaLeshode".
vavR^idhe gokuLamadhyAdyo devo vishvamad.hbhutAkulamadhyAt.h� |
tatra cha pUtanikAyA vadhamakarod.h yannijAH supUtanikAyAH� || 7||
Lord Krishna,the Lord of all worlds like heaven and others,grew all round only
in the eyes of the ignorant.(In reality He does not grow). He completely
destroys this universe which agitates in a wonderful way. There in Gokula ,He
killed� Putana, His real devotees when obtain low bodies due to evil actions
are purified by him.
adhunochchhakaTaM Lo LI pAdAN^gushhThena vAtapeshashakaTaM LoLI� |
atanod.h raxAmasya svAj~nAnAd.h gopikA saderaxAmasya� || 8||
Lord Krishna Who lies on the bed of Sesha,the lord of serpents,just shook His
body and killed Sakatasura merely by His toe. His mother Yashodha being
ignorant about Him,the Independent Person,Who is Infinite and is the Protector
of all including Goddess Lakshmi and god Vayu ,got performed rituals for His
protection.
mukhalALanaloLA tanmukhagaM jagadachashhTa sALanaloLAtat.h� |
nAdhyainmAyAmasya jagatprabhoH svadhikatatatamAyAmasya� || 9||
Yashodha,attached in kissing the mouth of Child Krishna,perceived in his mouth
entire universe both mobile and immobile ,well protected by� Him.Still, she
did not realise the greatness of Him, Who is the Lord of the world and Whose
excellent pervasion of qualities an d functions has filled all the places.
tasya susharmANyakaro dariNo gargaH saduktikarmANyakarot.h� |
avadannAmAnamayaM jagadAdiM vAsudevanAmAnamayam.h� || 10||
Gargacharya,who had in his hands Lord Vishnu Who is approached by liberated
souls, performed "Jatakarma" and other ceremonies laid down in scriptures on
Krishna,the Conch-bearer.He named Him as Vaasudeva , the Immeasurable,the
Prompter and the World Creator.
tasya sakhA balanAmA jyeshhTho bhrAtA.atha yannijAbalanA mA� |
yasya cha paryaN^ko.ayaM pUrvatano vishhNumajasaparyaM ko.ayam.h� || 11||
This verse refers to factual relation between Balaraama and Krishna.It is true
that Balaraama is considered as the elder brother of Krishna.But is it the
relation between the two? This verse clarifies the actual fact and shows that
Balaraama can not be elder to Krishna.Secondly Balaraama is not a helping
freind bearing equality with Krishna.To summarise,
"His elder brother and beloved freind was named as Balaraama.Lord Vishnu
(Krishna) has Goddess Lakshmi as his consort. He has Balaraama in his original
form as His bed. And He is worshipped by� even Brahma. How can Balaraama be
elder to such Vishnu (Krishna)?
tena hato vAtarayastR^iNachakro nAma ditisuto.avAtarayaH� |
haramANo vAlatamaM svAtmAnaM kaNTharodhinA.avAlatamam.h� || 12||
The demon by name Trnavarta arrived with the speed of wind and carried away
Krishna,Who can not be carried away by anyone,Who is always joined with
Lakshmi, Who is Immeasurable,Independent and All-Pervasive,but�Who had taken
the form of a little child. He was killed by Krishna by squeezing his neck and
making him bereft of breathing.
so.avanimadhye raN^gan.h aridarayug.h bAlarUpamadhyeraM gan.h� |
amushhannavanItamadaH svagokuLe gopikAsu navanItamadaH� || 13||
Lord Krishna,the Bearer of disc and conch crawled in His house in the Gokula
riding on the child wind-god.He stole butter kept high on hanging rope-slings
and became pleased by the praises of� Gopikas full of devotion.
tanmAtA kopamitA tamanusasArA.atmavAdavAkopamitA� |
jagR^ihe sA namanaM taM devaM tachchintayaiva sAnamanantam.h� || 14||
This verse refers to Yashoda's anger on knowing Krishana's stealing butter.She
pursued and caught Him.But this was possible only because of His own will and
not because of her superior strength.
His mother overpowered by anger pursued� Him as Vedas,describing Him, do so,to
extol Him.She could,as per His own will,catch� hold of Him.He does not bend
before anybody; He Himself bent towards her;and He is playful,Controller of
the world,as well as,is Infinite.
atha sA.antaritA.amAnaM vishhNuM vishvodbhavaM tadA.antaritAmAnam.h� |
anayad.h dAmodaratAM yo.aramayat.h sundarIM nijAmodaratAm.h� || 15||
Then,Yashodha,possessing ignorance (about the Lord) in her mind,tied His belly
with a rope and made Him 'Damodara",Who is Vishnu the All pervader,the Origin
of this Universe,Who has concealed in His belly Brahma,Lakshmi and Vayu,and
Who delights His beloved Goddess Lakshmi who is always engrossed in her
inherent joy and hapiness.
chakre so.arjunanAshaM prApnoti cha yatsmR^itiH sadA.arjunanA sham.h� |
tau cha gatau nijamokastenaiva nutena yannijo nijamokaH� || 16||
Lord Krishna,Whose rememberence brings happiness to pure souls,destroyed the
two Arjuna trees.By praising Him,Who delivers His devotees from wicked
contact,those two Gandharvas-Nalakubara and Manigriva departed to their own
abodes.
atha vR^indAvanavAsaM gopAshchakrurjagatxitA.avanavAsam.h� |
tatra bakAsuramAraH shaurirabhUnnityasaMshritAsuramAraH� || 17||
Then,the cowherds of Gokula went and settled at Vrindhavana which was like
heaven to live in, together with Lord Krishna in whom resides the world.There,
Lord Krishna who delights Goddess Lakshmi and Who is always resorted to by
Vayu,destroyed demon Bakasura.
ahanad.h vatsatanUkaM yo.apAllokaM svayatnavatsatanUkam.h� |
so.apAd.h vatsAnamaraH sahAgrajo gopavatsavatsAnamaraH� || 18||
Lord Krishna is Immortal. He delights all good souls including Vayu and
Lakshmi. And He effortlessly protects the entire world consisting of Brahma,
Rudra and other beings who are inferior to Him. He protected like a
cowherd-boy together with His elder brother, calves. And He killed Vatsasura
who had taken the body of a calf.
sa vibhuH shrImAnahike nanarta yasya shramAnamA mA na hi ke� |
akaronnadyudakAntaM kAntaM nItvoragaM sa nA.a.adyudakAntam.h� || 19||
That Omnipotent Lord krishna danced on the hood of tiny Kaliya-serpent.
Thereby, there was no fatigue due to serpent-poision; because, He lies down
comfortably on the great serpent Sesa in the boundless ocean. That Supreme
Person sent Kaliya to an island named Ramanaka and made the place nearby river
Yamuna, poisonless and delightful.
hatvA dhenukamUDhaM balAt.h pralambaM cha kheT.h sadhenukamUDham.h� |
vrajamAvIdamR^itAshaH pItvA vahniM charasthirAdamR^itAshaH� || 20||
This verse refers to killing of Dhenukasura as well as Pralambaasura and to
drinking of wild fire� by Lord Krishna.Eventhough the killing of the two
demons had been accomplished by� Balaraama,here it is stated that feat was
possible for Balaraama because of the presence of Lord Krishna� in him.To
summarise
Lord Krishna,the Lord of Vinaayaka,the presiding deity of sky,Drinker of
nectar and� of truthful desire,having entered into Balaraama killed the
foolish demon Dhenuka as well as demon Pralamba.And He having drunk the wild
fire consuming both moveables and� immoveables, protected Gokula together with
herds of cows which had resorted to Him for protection.
giriNA raxA.api kR^itA vrajasya tena svaraxaraxA.api kR^itA� |
shakrAya vyaJNjayatA svAM shaktiM vishvamAtmanA.avyaM jayatA� || 21||
Vraja was also protected by raising the mountain,by Lord Krishna Who made
Indra the lord of clouds which torment by� their showers the cows which give
milk to the Blissful Lord,in order to manifest to Indra,His own might� and to
all people His own capacity of protecting the entire Universe.
reme gopIshhvarihA sa manmathAkrAntasundarIpIshhvarihA� |
pUrNA.anandaikatanuH sa vishvarukpAvano.ayapyanandaikatanuH� || 22||
Lord Krishna is of fully blissful body.He incarnates� in several forms only to
give pleasure� to others.He is the remover of� all diseases.And He is the
Destroyer of Sankhacudasura.Still He enjoyed� without any attachment,the
company of lovely cowherdesses who had been affected by passion and in whom
Goddess Lakshmi was residing.
atha hatayorgaLikeshyoH shvaphalkajaprApitaH purIM gaLikeshyoH� |
bhaN^ktvA dhanurAjavaraM jaghAna tenaiva cha svayaM rAjavaram.h� || 23||
Thereafter, Lord Krishna killed demons Arista and kesin and went with Akrura
to Mathura being extolled full-throated by both Brahma and Rudra,as He�is
their Lord.There,He broke Rudra's bow possessing Brahma's boon and with��its
mere piece, He� killed Kamsa's soldiers.
mR^idgan.h gajamugrabalaM sabalo raN^gaM vivesha sR^itimugrabalam.h� |
hatvA mallau balinau kaMsaM cha vimoxitau tatau lau balinau� || 24||
Lord Krishna,Who delivers devotees possessing excellent knowledge,from their
worldly bondage,entered the wrestling hall after killing the mighty elephent
Kuvalayapida.There,He killed two wrestlers Canura and Mustika as also�Kamsa
with his associates.And He freed His parents who had been blessed with a boon
by Him.
prAdAt.h sAndIpanaye mR^itaputraM j~nAnadIpasandIpanaye� |
gurvarthe.aj~nAnatamaH prabheditA nityasambhR^itAj~nAnatamaH� || 25||
Lord Krishna,who destroys the darkness of ignorance,Who is always�obeyed by
Goddess Lakshmi,the deity of learning and Who is worshipped by Brahma and
others,presented the dead son as preceptor's fee to preceptor Sandipini�who
taught sacred scriptures which throw light on the greatness ofthe Lord.
jitvA mAgadharAjaM toshhitamakarot.h sadA.a.atmayogadharAjam.h� |
anu kurvan.h nijasadanam.h chakre ramyAM puraM subodhanujasadanam.h� || 26||
�
Lord Krishna by conquering Jarasandha,the king of Magadha, pleased Brahma
who is always engaged in meditating on Him. And He built the lovely city of
Dvaraka as an abode for His Yadavas, imitating His own abode which�is a
faultless play-house for His released devotees having right knowledge.
�
prasabhaM sagajabalasya xatrasyochchaiH samabadharAjabalasya� |
mAnaM shishupAlavaraM hatvA bhaishhmImavApa shishupAlavaram.h� || 27||
�
Lord Krishna obtained forcibly Rukmini, the daughter of Bhismaka, after
destroying the excessive arrogance of Kshatriyas like Rukmi and others, who
had
been strengthened by their own four-fold armies and the army of Jarasandha
the
king of Magadha, who had become conceited on securing Sisupala
as the bride-groom for Rukmini and who had obtained the boon from gods like
Brahma who were Lord Visnu's children and were protectors of regions.
�
haMso DibhakashchapalAvamunA saMsUditau yavanakashcha palA� |
kIrtirvimalA viratA pratatA vishvadhipAvanIlAviratA� || 28||
�
The fickle-minded Hamsa and Dibika as well as Kalayavana were destroyed by
Krishna. And there became wide-spread His excellent and pure fame in which
Brahma and others were specially attached, which was sanctifying more than
anything else and which was continuously spread by god Vayu.
�
satyAjAmbavatIryA bhAryA vindAdyA bhAnusAmbavatIryAH� |
pradyumnaM modarataH prApa jyeshhThaM hariH sutaM modarataH� || 29||
Lord Krishna obtained Mitravinda and others as His wives among whom
Sathyabaama the mother of Bhaanu ,and Jambavathi the mother of Saamba were
prominent.He immersed in His own bliss,begot Pradyumna as His eldest son in
Rukmini.
yatparivAratayeshA jAtA devA nR^ipAtmanA ratayeshAH� |
yadbharitaM vishhasarpaprabhR^iti dhvAntaM na mArutiM vishhasarpa� || 30||
This verse begins the story of Pandavaas.Here the perfect grace showered by
the Lord on Bhima,the incarnation of god Vaayu is referred to.Vaayu is the
over-lord of all deities who were born� to carry out the will of Lord Krishna
viz Protection of the good and destruction of wicked.To Summerise
Various presiding deities who are under the control of Vaayu,always devoted to
Lord Vishnu,were born as kings to serve Him,as His attendents.As Bhima was
filled with Lord Krishna,the poisonous serpents or food could not create any
adverse effects on him.
Kurupa garaLavanikke nereUndu thEguthali hasidarugalamyale bidaladhanoresidha�� (Quote from "Madhvanama" by Sri Sripaadaraajaru)
A Vayu namma kula Gururayanu
yena hiDimbabakAdyA raxodhIshA nipAtitA babakAdyAH� |
bhIme prItimameyAM vyaJNjayatA tena sheshhapAti mame yAm.h� || 31||
One should not mistake that Bhima on his own killed demons.It is here made
clear that it was Lord Krishna who caused destruction of the demons�through
the hands of Bhima,only to exhibit His immeasurable love and affection towards
Bhima.Bhima is dearer to Krishna than Sesha,Garuda and Rudra.To Summarise,
Lord Krishna,in order to exhibit His immeasurable love,exceeding even that
shown to Shesha,Rudra and Garuda,towards Bhima, made him kill demon-kings like
Hidimba and Baka,who eat flesh and human beings.
atha kR^ishhNAvaraNe tAn.h prAptAn.h rAj~no.ashR^iNot.h sadAvaraNetAn.h� |
drashhTuM yAtaH sabalastAM chAnaishhIt.h pR^ithAsutAMstataH sabalaH� || 32||
Lord Krishna,having heard that kings ignorant of(the prowess of)righteous
Bhima and others have gathered to win over Draupadi,went there together with
Balaraama to see her.And He united her with Pandavaas and led them all with
blessings �to Hastinavati.
tAnindrasthaLavAsAMshchakre kR^ishhNaH paro nijasthaLavAsAn.h� |
svabalodrechitamAnairjugopa dharmaM cha taiH parAchitamAnaiH� || 33||
Here it is clarified that Pandavaas departed to Indraprastha because of Lord
Krishna's command,and not due to the suggestion made by Kauravas.
Almighty Lord Krishna made them (Pandavas) reside at Indraprastha obeying
scriptures which are His own commands.He protected Dharma (righteousness)
through them who had achieved full respect due to His might and who had
destroyed� the pride of their enemies.
vAlivadhAnunayAya praNayI sakhyaM susandadhe nu nayAya� |
vAsavajena visheshhAt.h tenaiva punarnR^ijanmajena visheshhAt.h� || 34||
This� refers to Rama's killing Vaali,the son of� Indra in the Ramaavatara.
The loving Lord who devours(at Pralaya) even Garuda,Sesha,and others made
special freindship with the son of Indra who had taken human form as Arjuna,in
order to compensate the guilt of killing Vaalin and to show the� proper code
of conduct.
mAtuH paribhavahAnyai rAj~nA dyusadAmitashcha paribhavahA.anyaiH� |
abhavannarakamurAriryo.avAsIdat.h samastanarakamurAriH� || 35||
It is said that demon Naraka had offended Aditi by robbing her
ear-ornaments,and Lord Krishna on the request of gods and sages,killed
Narakaasura.
The Lord was requested by Indra and others to avenge the humiliation effected
to their mother Aditi.and He,the remover of worldly bondage of all,destroyed
the sinful demons named,Naraka and Maura.He,the husband of Sathyabhaama,dwelt
in the minds of all beings with His omnipotence.
nIto divi devavarai reme satyAsamanvito.adevavaraiH� |
sarvartuvane shashinA nishi satyAM vAsare vane.ashashinA� || 36||
Lord Krishna ,together with Sathyabhama,was taken to heaven by gods who had
obtained excellent boons from Him.There He sported with her in the
Nandana-garden which is fit for sport in all seasons, and throughout the
nights which were like days due to the spotless moon ever shining.
suratarumApA.aLimatAt.h prakAshayachchhaktimAtmanaH pALimatAt.h�|
suravaravIreshhu darI pradhAnajIveshvaraH pareshhudarI� || 37||
The Lord ,Bearer of the conch,showing His prowess,secured the divine
Parijaata-tree,on the request of His beloved Sathyabhaama,after conquering
Indra.He is the Lord of both Matter and Souls;He splits apart the arrows of
the enemies.
puramabhiyAyAridarI datvA bhadrAM pR^ithAsutAyAridarI� |
shakrapurImabhiyAtaH prAdAd.h vahnervanaM satAmabhiyA.ataH� || 38||
Lord Krishna,Bearer of the conch and disc and Destroyer of enemies,went to the
city of Dvaraka and gave Subhadra in marriage to Arjuna.Then He departed to
Indraprastha and offered Khandava-forest to Fire after protecting the noble
souls like Jaritaaris.
shivabhaktapravarAdyaM pumAn.h na sehe girIsha vipravarAdyam.h� |
taM svAtmendravareNa vyadhunod.h bhImena dhUtarudravareNa� || 39||
The Supreme Person,Lord Krishna,did not bear (the attrocities of) Jarasandha
who had become the foremost among� great devotees of Siva due to boons
obtained from Siva and sage Candakasura.The Lord caused his destruction
through Bhima,the greatest of Vaisnavas,and the foiler of Siva's boons
yasyA.aj~nAbalasAraiH pArthairdigbhyo hR^itaM dhanaM balasAraiH� |
jitvA xmAmavisheshhAM prasahya bhUpAn.h samastakAmavisheshhAm.h� || 40||
The Pandavas having conquered the whole earth by vanquishing all the kings
through their strength and might obtained by Krishna's command and through
their armies,gathered wealth from all quarters.
atha pArthAn.h kraturAjaM prApayadamareT.h sarudrashakraturAjam.h� |
pUjA tenAvApi chchhinnashchaidyaH sR^itiM gate nAvA.api� || 41||
After their world-conquest, Lord Krishna worshipped by gods,made them perform
the great "Rajasuya"sacrifice wherein deities Rudra,Indra ,Vayu and Brahma
were appeased.There,He obtained the prime worship and killed Sisupala who went
to hell,when Jaya (in his body) reached Him being rescued by Him as a boat.
nihatau saubhakarUshau shIto bhAtashcha yena tau bhakarUshau� |
ajayad.h rudraM cha raNe bANArthe.avanatipatitakachandraM charaNe�|| 42||
Lord Krishna killed Salva and Dantavaktra.He made the Moon cool and the Sun
bright.He conquered Rudra, in battle,who fell on the ground touching His feet
with the moon on his head,for the sake of Banasura.
asR^ijajjvaramugratamaH xayaprado lIlayA.adhivaramugratamaH� |
krIDAmAtraM vishvaM prakAshayannAtmanaH sa viharakamAtraM vishvam.h� || 43||
To show to Garuda,Rudra,Brahma and other deities that the whole world is
created by Him as a sport,the Lord,the beloved of Goddess Lakshmi created
"Vaisnavajvara with ease (to supress Rudrajvara).He removed the ignorance of
Rudra and He released Annirudhdha from Bana's prison.
yasyA.aveshorubalAnnyahanat.h pArtho.asurAn.h prajeshorubalAt.h� |
varadAnAdasyaiva jagatprabhorIraNAt.h samanugatanAdasyaiva� || 44||
Arjuna killed demons,Nivatakavacas and Kalakeyas who had obtained great
strength due to Rudra's boons.Arjuna had secured invincible might due to the
inner presence of Lord Krishna in him ,who had been� prompted by granting a
boon by Him,Who is the over-lord of the world expressed by all words (in this
universe).
yasyA.aveshAt.h sa balaH prachakarshha puraM prasahya veshAt.h sabalaH� |
kurupatinAma nu yamunA kR^ishhNA yenA.ahurarhyamatanu yamunA� || 45|||
Balaraama being indwelt by Lord Krishna in the form of Suklakesha dragged
forcibly (by his plough) the great city named Hastinapura. He released
Samba,and together with him received worship from Duryodhana,the lord of that
city.Then he dragged Yamuna by his plough to Gokula.He is praised as worthy of
worship by Rudra.
yad.hbalavAn.h krodhavashAnninAya nAshaM vR^ikodaraH krodhavashAn.h� |
lebhe.achAnyA gamyaM sthAnaM pushhpANi dhAma chAnyAgamyam.h� || 46||
Bhimasena,possessor of the grace of Lord Krishna, destroyed through
wrath,demons called Krodhavasa.Being requested by Draupadi,he reached the
proper place and obtained the "Saugandhika" flowers and reached Alakapuri
unattainable to others.
yadbalabhAravahatvAnnAchaladuragAdibhiH subhAravahatvAt.h� |
dharmAdarihA.api padaM bhImo yenaiva sAhasaM lihA.a.api padam.h� || 47||
Bhimasena ,eventhough destroyer of enemies due to the command of Lord
Krishna,didnot move even a step to get release when bound� down by Nahusa and
other serpents.He possessed the lusture of good study and hence did not move
even a step from the right conduct. He obtained the designation of Sahasa as
he sucked the merit of Nahusa,being his presiding deity.
na hi nahushho.alaM nahituM dharmo drauNistathetare.alaM nahitum.h� |
no rAT.hkarNau brahmavarI yena dhvasto.astramagrahIt.h subrahma varI� || 48||
Just as Yamadharma,Asvaththama and others were not able to bind Bhima,so too
Nahusa was not able to bind him down.Verily,it was Bhima who destroyed a host
of kings including Duryodhana and also Karna and Jarasandha who had obtained
Brahma's boons. Even Asvatthama had to discharge Brahmastra when he was
defeated by Bhima.
xAtraM dharmaM svavatA guruvR^ittyai keshavAj~nayA cha maM svavatA� |
sarvaM sehe manasA bhImeneshaikamAninA hemanasA� || 49||
Bhima of golden body,possesser of his own inherent strength,and absolute
believer in the over-all control of the Lord,tolerated with faith in the
Lord,all insults,just as to safeguard his proper conduct as a warrior, to
follow with reverence elders like Yudhisthira,and to obey the command of Lord
Krishna.
yad.hbhaktapravareNa protaH svasmin.h sa kIchakaH pravareNa� |
patitAstasya sahAyAH kR^ishhNArthe mAninaH samasya sahAyAH� || 50||
Bhima the foremost devotee of� the Lord� and the mighty one,killed Kicaka by
pressing his head to enter into his own body.And to protect Draupadi he
destroyed the Upakicakas who had come with Kicaka,the haughty,to assist him.
yad.hbhaktyA.anugR^ihItau pArtho bhImashcha gonR^ipau nu gR^ihItau� |
R^iNamuktyai suvyatyastyai kramasho vIrAvamuJNchatAM suvyatyastyai� || 51||
The brave Arjuna and Bhima who had been graced by Lord Krishna due to their
devotion, released respectively,cows and king Virata who had been captured by
Kauravas,to repay the debt of Virata, to reverse the order of the master and
the servant between Virata and Pandavaas,and to reveal their real identity.
yad.hbhaktyA.amitayA.alaM kR^ishhNA kArye vivesha kR^ishhNAkArye� |
yAmIrArddhatanutvAnnA.apA.ad.h bhImAdR^ite.api nA.apAd.h bhImAt.h� || 52||
Draupadi,due to unlimited devotion to the Lord,indulged in the act of calling
Krishna.In fact she being the wife of Bhima(Vayu),cannot be obtained by anyone
except Bhima,due to the will of the Lord denoted by letter A,the Supermost
Protector and the Terrible to the enemies.
yAM sprashhTumichchhantamajAtashatruM nyavArayat.h svasthamajAtashatrum.h� |
shaMrUpAne nityarateriyaM shrIriti sma deveD.hyaditeriyaM shrIH� || 53||
In heaven, Indra the lord of gods,prevented Yudhisthira,having no enemies
born,from touching Draupadi.She is called Sri as she is always attached to
Vayu of the form of bliss.In the world,she had been resorted to by Syamala and
other wives of Pandavas,as other Pandavas were connected with Vayu.
manasAmanasA.amanasA manasA yamanantamajasravedanuyA� |
vilayaM vilayaM vilayaM vilayannikhilaM tvashubhaM prachakAra cha yaH� || 54||
Draupadi with desireless mind,always remembered the Infinite Lord,fully
following Vayu, the resort of all minds,and born from Lord's nose. Lord Vishnu
on His part destroys fully the sin which swallows completely the merits of the
devotees and which causes sorrow and misery.
so.agAd.h dUtamukhena prabhuNedaM vartate yadUtamukhena� |
pArthArthe bahutanutAM yatra prAkAshayat.h svayaM savahutanutAm.h� || 55||
Lord Krishna went as a messenger to show Kauravas as fit to be destroyed.This
whole world exists� protected by the Lord by His perfect knowledge.Such Lord
showed there,for the sake of Pandavas, His universal form of full expanse of
infinite qualities.
gurukarNanadIjAdInavadhIchchaxurbalena janadIjAdI� |
shaktyA nijayA paravAn.h svajanAnudrechayannanantayA.aparavAn.h�|| 56||
Lord Krishna brought about destruction of Drona,Karna,Bhishma and others just
by the power of His eyes. He is even the devourer of Brahma.He bestows wealth
to His devotees.He does not have anyone superior to Him.He has enemies in the
form of His devotee's enemies.By His infinite might,He makes His devotees grow
and prosper.
yasya sunIta sahAyAnna ripUn.h mene.arjunaH sametasahA yAn.h� |
akarochchA.asu parAsupratatiM senAsu dhAvanAsuparAsu� || 57||
Due to Lord's driving� the chariot and as per His advice, Arjuna disregarded
all His enemies who had attacked him jointly, by advancing towards them. When
their armies were running away to protect their lives,he brought about rows of
soldiers falling down with their lives lost.
yena jayadrathamAraH pArthaH shatrUnavApatadrathamAraH� |
yadvirahAdapi dehe sa rathaH shashvat.h sthiteH sadAdapi dehe� || 58||
Arjuna,the killer of Jayadratha,pleased with the lusture of his chariot having
Krishna on it,destroyed his enemies.That chariot got burnt to ashes when
Krishna alighted from it.Even the embodied soul experiences pleasure and�pain
because of the constant existence of the Lord in the body.
yad.hbharito bharatAbhaH prabhurambhAbhAvito.abhibharatAbhaH� |
bhImo rabhasA.abhibhavI prasabhaM bhA bhAbhibhUrbhasA bhibhavI� || 59||
Only because Bhima was full of Lord's grace he was shining like the Lord,like
Vayu,and like king Bharatha;he made the race of Bharatha achieve fame;he was
nourished by Goddess Lakshmi;he was overshining all prominent warriors on the
battle-field;he overpowered all his enemies;he is the resort of all other
lustours beings like Rudra;he was accompanied by Abhimanyu and�Gatotkacha;he
overshines even the Sun; and he is approached even by Rudra to offer services.
yadanugrahi pUrNatvAd.h bhImaH sarvAnarInanahipUrNatvA.a.at.h� |
adahad.h bAhubalena krodhAgnAvAhitAn.h nijAhubalena� || 60||
Bhima,the foremost among God-blessed souls,the purifier of even the realised
souls, the destroyer of enemies by mere strength of his arms,having bowed down
to the Lord,burnt down all the enemies in the all-burning Nrisimha-fire having
kindled it by the Manyusuktha.
kR^ishhNAbhImAptatamaH shIrNaM yena svakIyahR^idayamAptatamaH� |
dhR^itarAshhTrasutAnavadhId.h bhImena sthApito manasi susutAnavadhIt.h� ||
61||
Lord Krishna,the greatest well-wisher of Draupadi and Bhima,got Dhrutarastra's
sons killed and pounded to dust by Bhima,who destroyed the darkness of
ignorance which pervaded the hearts of his devotees,who installed Lord Krishna
in the minds of His devotees through whom Krishna established limits of
righteousness.
bhImavipATita dehAnadarshayat.h svAnarIn.h vipATitadehAn.h� |
kR^ishhNAyA hitakArI samyag.hdhIrapriyaH sadA.ahitakArI� || 62||
Lord Krishna, the Benefactor of Daupadi, the Beloved of god Vayu,
the Destroyer of evils of His devotees, showed to Draupadi, the fallen
enemies whose bodies had been broken by Bhima and whose limbs were
trying to ward off huge birds attacking to eat them.
atha hariNA pItabalaM drauNerastraM mahAriNA.apItabalam.h� |
dadhatA vAsomaraNaM nItaM chakre.abhimanyujaM somaraNam.h� || 63||
Then Krishna, the protector of Uttara's womb, destroyed the power of
the brahmastra discharged by Asvatthaman, through His Sudarsana disc.
Thus Pariksit, the son of Abhimanyu who had been the target of
Asvatthaman's brahmastra was bereft of death in the womb of Uttara
and was safely brought out by Krishna
tasya cha raxA sukR^itA janArdaneneshasheshhakexAsukR^itA� |
pArtheshhu premavatA nityaM bhartrA.asutAsuvipremavatA� || 64||
�King Pariksit was well protected by Lord Krishna, Who creates and
protects even Rudra, Sesa and Brahma by his mere eye sight,Who bears affection
to Pandavaas, Who is always their Lord and Who protects the wealth in the form
of cursing powers of brahmins devoid of self-control.
j~nAnaM paramaM prAdAd.h bhIshhmagataH sR^itivimoxacharamaM prAdAt.h� |
pANDusutAnAmadhikaM chakre vedaM guNottaraM svanAmadhikam.h� || 65||
Lord Krishna, Destroyer of Kauravas who refused to give to
Pandavas the kingdom due to them, residing in Bhisma imparted to Pandavas, the
supreme knowledge of the final goal viz.the release
from worldly bondage. Further, He (as Vyasa) composed superior Veda(in
the form of the Mahabharata) describing His� excellent qualities
and containing His one thousand names (Visnusahasranama).
tenAvApi sujAtairharimedhasturagavartane.api sujAtaiH� |
pANDusutaiH savasUkairAptairvyAsA.atmanA cha susavasUkaiH� || 66||
�Lord Krishna of the form of Vyasa, got the Asvamedha sacrifice
performed by Pandavas who were born in a noble family, who were experts
in making their sacrificial horse wonder in all directions without
obstacles, who had enough wealth for the sacrifice, who had resorted
to the Lord for their well-being and who possessed the necessary
knowledge of performing that excellent sacrifice.
tadanu sa pANDutanUjai reme xmAM pAlayan.h supANDutanujaiH� |
anupamasukharUpo.ajaH paramaH shrIvallabhaH sati kharUpo jaH� || 67||
Then, after the horse-sacrifice,Lord krishna of the form of
unparallelded bliss, the Unborn, the consort of Goddess Laksmi, who
resides in all things in the universe as Inner controller, enjoyed like
sport, getting the earth ruled by Pandavas possessing the pure body of
knowledge leading to final release.
sugatiM charamAmadadAnnijayogyAM j~nAnisutati paramAmadadAt.h� |
pArthAnAM sadadUnAM sa pitR^ipreshhyAdinAminAM sayadUnAm.h� || 68||
Lord Krishna,Destroyer of even Brahma and Devourer of Sesa,granted according
to what they deserve,the highest state of final release superior to what
obtained by gods,to Pandavas together with Yadus,the ever-moving Maruts,Rudras
and to Vasudeva,Udhdhava and others who were His father and messenger and so
on,only in name.
reme tatrA.apisukhI paramo.ananto nananda tatrA.api sukhI� |
prANenendirayA cha prayuto nityaM mahAguNendirayA cha� || 69||
Without being touched by sorrow,Lord Krishna� the Supermost,Infinite and
Blissful sported in heavenly regions with Pandavas and others.He manifested
supremely in Vaikunta being fully pervaded by Vayu and Lakshmi.He is always
pervaded by the lustrous form of Lakshmi,possessor of excellent qualities.
evaM sarvANi hare rUpANi shrIpateH suparvANihareH� |
pUrNasukhAni subhAnti pratatAni nirantarANi nisubhAnti� || 70||
In this way should be understood all the incarnated forms of Vishnu,the Lord
of Goddess Lakshmi,theSupport of gods and the Destroyer of demons,to be full
of bliss,extremely lustrous,all-pervasive,devoid of any difference among
themselves and� as residing in the hearts of lustrous deities like Lakshmi.
Verse 71 is the unique verse in the entire range of Sanskrit
Literature.Firstly,the next verse(72) is a reversal of this verse.
Secondly, Sri Narayanacarya(1600-1660) has shown how�this same verse
describes twelve incarnations of Lord Vishnu including that of Rama mentioned
in the verse.At the outset of its commentary of this verse Naraharithirtha's
tika justifies describing Rama,eventhough all the events described�in this
work� viz "Yamaka Bharatha" relate to the� story of the Mahabaratha and not
that of the Ramayana.Accordingly ,it should be� remembered that the
Mahabaratha does contain the story of Ramayana as narrated by sage
Markandeya.
�
Sri Keshavarao Tadipatri will make next posting on verse 78 containing only
ba's.
rAma rAma mahAbAho mAyA te sudurAsadA� |
vAda sAdada ko loke pAdAveva tavA.asajet.h� || 71||
O Rama,Fire to the wicked,Unlimited Person,MightymArmed One,Thy greatness is
beyond the reach of even Brahma and other gods.O Bestower of Knowledge to good
and Granter of dark hells to demons,in the whole universe,who except Brahma
,can resort fully Thy feet?
jetsavAtava vedApAke lokodada sAdavA� |
dAsarAdusuteyAmAhovAhA mama rAma rA || 72 ||
O Rama,Thou art the precious wealth of mine Thou,the Omni Conquer,Motivator of
the universe together with Vayu,Protector of Vedas,Full of merits and Bereft
of demerits,Bestower of knowledge to the entire world,Destroyer of devotee's
fear;Distinct from all else,Joy giver to Lord's servants,Swallower of
Sun,Controller of Rudra,Skanda,Vinayaka and Lakshmi,Unfit to be abandoned,the
Rider of Rudra.
devAnAM patayo nityaM no mataM yasya jAnate� |
tasmai deva namasye.ahaM bhavate.asuramAraye� || 73||
O Supreme God, I bow down to Thee.Thy teachings imparted as Budhdha,are not
understood at any time even by lords of gods.Thou art inimical to the
understanding of demons and givest right knowledge togods
samastadevajanakavAsudevaparAmR^ita� |
vAsudeva parAmR^ita j~nAnamUrte namo.astu te� || 74||
Obeisances to Thee,O Vasudeva(Kalki),Destroyer of wicked kings,Possessor of
bliss,knowledge,life breath,sports and liberation,Ever liberated,and of the
form of knowledge.
devAde devalokapa pUrNAnandamahodadhe� |
sarvaj~nesha ramAnAtha devA.ade.ade.ava lokapa� || 75||
Protect us,O Lord of Goddess Lakshmi.Thou art the First God,Protector ofgod's
worlds,Vast ocean of full and perfect bliss,Omniscient,Master of all,Indulged
in sports Indestructible,Protector of bliss of the liberated.
yo nirmame.asheshhapurANavidyAm.h��� yo nirmameshe shhapurANavidyAm.h� ||
yonirmamesheshhapurA.aNavid.h yAm.h� yo.anirmame.asheshhapurANavid.h yAm.h� ||
76||
I resort fully to Lord Vedavyaasa,the incarnation of Lord Vishnu existing with
Goddess Lakshmi.He created Lakshmi and Bharathi as the presiding deities. He
is my creator.He perfectly sanctifies Lakshmi,Cupid and Shesha.He is
Omniscient,Passionless and is known through scriptures.He creates all embodied
souls.And He bestowed all Knowledge to perfectly selfless Sukacarya.
anantapArAmitavikramesha prabho ramApAramanantapAra� |
mahAguNADh.hyAparimeyasattva ramAlayAsheshhamahA.aguNADh.hya� || 77||
I bow down to Lord Vishnu,Infinite in space and time,Of immeasurable
strength,Overlord and Master of universe,Protector of Lakshmi,Perfect
Protector of Sesha,Indestructible,Full with excellent qualities,Infinite in
knowledge and strength,Indweller of Lakshmi,Possessor of inherent greatest
greatness,Owner of great gods like Brahma who serve Him as His servants.
bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA� || 77||
A good explanation to this is given in
http://www.dvaita.org/list/list_17/msg00071.html
As you are aware, Srimad Ananda Tiirtha's texts are often very cryptic
and difficult for the unschooled person to understand; this is a point
not often appreciated by outsiders -- quite naturally, of course.� His
statements and verses go completely above and beyond anything that an
ordinary scholar would consider even plausible, much less likely.
For instance, consider the following verse from the yamaka-bhArata,
which is one of two commentaries on the mahAbhArata:
���� bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
���� bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
���� bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA
���� bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA bhA� || 77 ||
This verse would surely defeat any lay person's attempt at a
translation, and even most scholars would be hard put to justify it in
terms of known rules of syntax and semantics.
Sri Narahari Tiirtha explains it as follows:
� dIptau j~nAne bha AdhAre bha audArya eva cha� |
� sandhAne bha upAdAne nikaTatve cha kathyate� |�
��bha sevyatve cha vidvadbhirUrIkaraNa eva cha� |�
��sampUrNatatibhAve bhA nAnAbhAve cha kathyate� |�
��vailaxaNye tathA.a.adhikye svAtantrye bha udIryate� |
� bha Anande bha sampUrNatatavAde cha kathyate� |�
��pUjyabhAve bha vistAre bha vinAshana Iryate� |�
��svAmitve nishchale bhAve ugre cha ud.hgAn.h eva cha� |�
��sammohane.atha saJNchAre bha vidAraNa Iryate� |�
��Alochane bha saundarya iti sarvavidAritam.h� ||
Therefore, based on the illustrious commentator's expatiation, we may
take it that the eight-and-twenty uses of `bhA' mean as follows:
� (1) bhA dIptau��������� -- bhA is for effulgence
� (2) bhA j~nAne��������� -- bhA is for knowledge
� (3) bhA AdhArabhAve���� -- bhA is for supportiveness
��(4) bhA audArye�������� -- bhA is for generosity
� (5) bhA sandhAne������� -- bhA is for determination
��(6) bhA upAdAne������� �-- bhA is for giving
� (7) bhA nikaTabhAve���� -- bhA is for closeness
� (8) bhA sevyatve������� -- bhA is for servability�
��(9) bhA UrIkaraNe������ -- bhA is for bringing others to submission
(10) bhA santatibhAve��� -- bhA is for unlimited qualities
(11) bhA nAnAbhAve������ -- bhA is for multi-facetedness�
�(12) bhA vailaxaNye����� -- bhA is for extreme difference
(13) bhA Adhikye�������� -- bhA is for superiority
(14) bhA svAtantrye����� -- bhA is for independence�
�(15) bhA Anande��������� -- bhA is for joyfulness
(16) bhA santatavachane� -- bhA is for being uncontradicted
(17) bhA pUjyabhAve����� -- bhA is for worshippability�
�(18) bhA vistAre�������� -- bhA is for extensiveness
(19) bhA vinAshane������ -- bhA is for destructiveness�
�(20) bhA svAmibhAve����� -- bhA is for Lordship
(21) bhA nishchalabhAve� -- bhA is for unchangingness
(22) bhA ugrabhAve������ -- bhA is for ferocity�
�(23) bhA ud.hgAte������� -- bhA is for being the cause/object of sacrifices
(24) bhA sammohane������ -- bhA is for causation of delusion
(25) bhA saJNchAre������ -- bhA is for mobility�
�(26) bhA vidAraNe������� -- bhA is for killing
�(27) bhA Alochane������� -- bhA is for being the object/cause of thought
(28) bhA sundarabhAve��� -- bhA is for beauty
The term `mahAbhArata' can be analyzed in various ways, as well, as
suggested by various meanings of `bhA'.
Regards,
Shrisha Rao
Some additional information will be given here. This
famous 'ekAxarayamakashloka' is only one of its kind in
the whole range of Sanskrit Literature.
There is lot of discussion as to whether there are 28 "bhA"
or 32 "bhA". If it is 28, the chandas is "ushhNik.h". If it
is 32, the chandas is "anushhTubh.h" (vidyunmAla).
Sri Narayana Panditacharya quotes Sri Narahari tiirtha
"dIptau j~nAne bha AdhAre...sarvavidIritam.h" (given in
above URL) . This is how the verse is believed to have only
28 "bhA"s. Sri Bannanje notes that "pra. pAThe
pratipAdamashhTau bhAkArAH paThyante | vastutastu
saptAxarapAdamidaM chhandaH | dhAtupAThAt.h vyAkhyAne chedaM
sphuTIbhavati | tathA hi naraharitIrthIyaM..."
meaning "In the prevalent version, in every line 8 'bhA' are
read. But actually, this is according to the meter of 7 letters
per line. This is also evident from the commentary on verbal
roots and also the commentary by naraharitIrtha". But Sri
Naraharitiirtha in his TIka gives 32 meanings as follows.
"srIman.h (1) samdIpta (2) nAkAdupari paratamAkuNThalokeshhu
jIve bAhye sarvaj~na (3) bhUmiprabhR^iti cha paramAntA \-
.akhilAdhArabhUta (4)| nityaM chodAra (5) lokeshhvagaNita (6)
vibudhAbhIshhTa (7) moxAdidAne (8) sandhAne (9) karmaNA cha
svata uta rajasaH sannupAdAna (10) pAda || sarveshhAM
sajjanAnAmatinikaTa (11) suraiH sevya (12) chorIkaroshhi (13)
tvaM teshhAmishhTamanyAnnayasi (14) cha nikhilAstvaM hi
nAnAvatAraiH | nAnAbhAvena (15) vA.athA.akhilahR^idayaga
samnamya (16) sadbhiH samastAdvailaxanyeNa (17) muktAdhika
(18) suranikarAtsarvAdapi svatantra (19) || tasmAdAnandapUrNa
(20) anavaratavachanA(21)sheshhapUjyA(22)rchakAnAM muktau
vistArakarta(23)staditarakumatInnAshayasye(24)va nityaM |
svAmin(25)naddhobhayeshhAM satatamapi vibho nischala(26)
svAbhibhAva hyAmnAto naiva chAnyaH kathamapi bhavataH
svAmitAM hantumIshhTe | tasmAdudgeya (27) sarvaistha cha
kumatayo naiva gAyanti taM tvAM teshhAM saMmohakarta(28)
rnikhilahR^idayasanchArirUpA(29)surAMstvaM | sarvesho.ahaM
na chAnyo maditi nigadato dArayan(30)vIrasimhAlochye(31)
tthaM pramANairvidhibhavamukharaiH sarvasaundaryasAra (32) ||"
After explaining these 32 meanings in his TippaNi, he asserts -
iti sarvadvAtrimshatsaN^khyAkabhavarNaprameyamudIritamityarthaH |
It means that the verse contains 32 "bhA"s and not 28.
Sri nArAyaNaryaTippaNi introduces the verse as containing 32 "bhA"s.
"bhAbhetyAdibhiH dvAtrimshadbhirbhAshabdaiH ashhTaxarapAda \-
chatushhTayopetaM vR^ittam.h".
After quoting the passage, Sri nArAyaNaryaTippaNi gives 32 meanings.
Again in giving the meaning of "bhA"s in their groups of twos,
threes, fours and so on, Sri Narayana Panditacharya holds that
the verse contains 32 "bhA"s.
Sri yadupatikR^ita TIka holds that the verse contains 32 "bhA"s and
gives the 32 meanings.
A brief explanation of 32 meanings of "bhA" based on Sri
Naraharitiirtha vAkyarUpa TippaNi and Sri Naraharitiirtha shloka
rUpa TIka is
("he" meaning "Oh" should be added to each one)
1. srIman.h = Your Majesty
2. sandIpta = Shiner. The Lord shines everywhere within and without
this universe and inside all the souls including Gooddess Laxmi
downwards.
3. sarvaj~na = Omniscient ("bha" = j~nAne, "A" = samantAt.h)
4. sarvAdhAra = All supporter (The Lord is all supporter of the
entire universe)
5. udAra = Generous (granting innumerable boons and fulfilling all
the desires of His devotees)
6. ananta = Infinite or immeasurable (The Lord is infinite in space,
time and qualities. "deshataH kAlato guNataschAgaNita)
7. abhIshTa = Desired (The Lord is most desired by His devotees)
8. abhIshTada (moxAdi rUpa abhIshhTadAne) = Fulfiller of desires
of His devotees (desires like moxa etc.)
9. sandhAtaH = Uniter (The Lord unites the souls with their actions
caused by rajoguNa and also with their instruments like body and
organs).
10. upAdeya = worthy of attainment (The Lord is the only One fit
to be attained by all good souls)
11. atinikaTa = Nearby (The Lord is always quite nearby all good
souls. "tadevAntikamantikAt.h" - dvAdasha stotra XI - 7 )
12. sarvasevya = Worhty of service (The Lord is fit to be served
by all including gods)
13. UrIkartaH = Receiver (The Lord receives or accepts all i.e.
the desires of all, including gods)
14. sarvanetaH = All-leader (The Lord leads all to their respective
destinations)
15. nAnAbhAva = Multiform (The Lord has infinite forms. He resides
in the hearts of infinite number of souls and controls them)
16. namya = Worthy of obeisance (The Lord should be fully prostrated
upon having considered everything else as inferior to Him).
17. vilaxaNa = Distinct (The Lord is distinct from all else, both
sentient and non-sentient)
18. adhika = Supermost (He is superior to even liberated souls)
19. svatantra = Independent (The Lord is always solely Independent.
"svatantramasvatantramcha dvividhaM tattvamishhyate | svatatntro
bhagavAn.h vishhnuH" - tattvasaN^khyAnam.h)
20. Ananda = Blissful
21. santatavachana = Ever-expressed (The Lord is described,
expounded and lauded always by all scriptures. All words denote
the Lord primarily, and other objects are denoted secondarily)
22. pUjya = Worthy of worship by all.
23. vistR^ita = Wide spread (The Lord is All-pervader)
24. nAshaka = Destroyer (The Lord destroys the wicked because of
their evil thoughts and deeds)
25. svAmin.h = Lord (Vishnu is the Lord of the entire universe
and He does not have any Lord)
26. nischala = Immutable, Immovable (The Lord is same and
unchanging. He is avikAri and kUTastha)
27. udgeya = Praise-worthy (The Lord alone is fit to be praised
by all).
28. sammohaka = Deluder (The Lord deludes the minds of the
wicked who do not like to praise Him and pushes them towards
andhatamas).
29. saJNchArin.h = Wanderer (The Lord wanders in the hearts of all)
30. vidAraka = All-cutter (The Lord cuts or tears all demons who
think that they are over-lords. Also He cuts asunder the veil of
ignorance of His devotees).
31. Alokya = Worthy of ponderance (The Lord alone is fit to be
pondered over).
32. sundara = Beautiful (The Lord is Most Beautiful)
In addition to these, 38 more meanings were given by others.
33. kAnta = Beloved
34. sampUrNanata = Fully prostrated upon
35. svapUjaka = Self-worshipper
36. vyApta = All-pervader
37. sampUrNa = All-full
38. darshaka = All-perceiver (asheshajanakR^itakarmasAxin.h)
39. samkIrtya = Narration-worthy
40. kathaka = Preacher (to Brahma and others)
41. smR^ita = Remembered (always by His devotees)
42. shruta = Heard (always by His devotees)
43. AhlAdaka = Delighter
44. upAdAnatAda = Maker of material cause (The Lord bestows the
��� capacity to serve as the material cause[upAdAna) to [prakR^iti]
��� primordial matter and others during evolution of the universe)
45. sattAprada = bestower of existence
46. kAnta = Lover (of all) or omnibenevolent
47. shAnta = Calm, Peaceful
48. rata = Sporter (Everything happens according to His lIla)
49. dAnta = Self-controlled
50. sambhUta = self-existent
51. vaktaH� = Speaker (He alone is real Speaker. Others become
��� speakers by the capacity to speak granted by the Lord)
52. Avaraka = Enveloper (He envelops and protects everything)
53. niyAmaka = Controller
54. bandhaka = Confiner (of the souls in worldly bondage
��� according to their deeds)
55. mochaka = Deliverer (of worthy souls from their samsAra)
56. sAxAtkAravan.h = Direct Perceiver
57. vishama = Adverse (to the wicked whom He destroys)
58. santatida = Giver of clusters of pleasures (bhaktAnAM sukha
��� santatiprada)
59. ugra = Terrible and Frightening (to the wicked)
60. vistArakartaH = Wide-spreader (The Lord spreads or increases
��� the knowledge and the worship of His worshippers)
61. dIptau = sphuradrUpa = effulgent form
62. UrIkaraNe = sajjanAN^gIkR^ita = Accepted by the good
63. santatibhAve = jagatpravAhabIja = Seed of world-flow
64. dIptau = prakAshamAna = Luminous
65. sandhAta = svarUpasukhasandhAtaH = Uniter of inherent bliss
66. santatavachana = satatavedAdipAThaka = Ever Reciter of vedas)
67. sampUrNa = Whole (without any parts)
68. sandhAta = Propeller of the dhArmic properties
69. nayana = Motivator (in various ways)
70. vistAra = Expander of the form of the liberated soul to its
��� fullest dimensions (and makes it enjoy perfect bliss befitting to
��� its inherent nature)
Thus many more meanings of "bhA" can be understood according
to one's knowledge and scholarship. All the meanings convey
one or the other quality of Lord, Whose qualities are infinite.
Sri Narayana Panditacharya has highlighted an interesting feature
of the verse that we can get cogent meanings by grouping "bhA"s
in groups of twos, threes and so on.
For ex.
bhAbhA = naxatrANaM AbhA = Splendor of stars
bhAbhAbhA = chandrasya AbhA = Splendor of the moon
bhAbhAbhAbhA = vidyutah AbhA = Splendor of the lightning
bhAbhAbhAbhAbhA = sUryasya AbhA = Splendor of the sun
etc.
Whether the verse has 28 "bhA"s or 32, the fact remains that
Sri Madhvacharya was a perfect devotee of Lord Vishnu and
the verse was an outburst of that indepth and perfect
devotion. It is aptly said by Dr. B.N.K Sharma "The work
appears to have been composed in a gush of ecstatic devotion".
Dr. Shanbhag has poetically expressed
"na mAdhavasamo devo na cha madhvasamo guruH |
tasya bhAbhAsamaH shlokaH na bhUto na bhavishhyati ||"
Source : Yamakabharata by Dr. D.N. Shanbhag
naiva paraH keshavataH paramAdasmAt.h samashcha sukhakeshavataH� |
so.ayaM shapathavaro naH shashvat.h sandhAritaH sushapathavaro.anaH� || 79||
There is none superior or equal to the Lord.He is the Supermost,the Rider of
Garuda and Motivator of even Brahma and Rudra.This overall supremacy of Lord
Vishnu is declared on oath as the verdict,by me the third incarnation of god
Vayu,the foremost to tread the path of Lord Vishnu,the Blissful.
kR^ishhNakatheyaM yamitA sushatIrthenoditA.anane yaM yamitA� |
bhaktimatA parameshe sarvodrekA sadAnutA.a.apa rameshe� || 80||
This,the most excellent story of Lord Krishna has been described through
"Yamakalankaras" and with authorities,by Srimadhanandatirtha who is the
foremsot devotee of the Lord� the Master of Goddess Lakshmi,and who always
sings glory of the Lord.Every Person,whose mouth this story enters,definitely
reaches the vicinity of the Lord.
iti nArAyaNanAmA.ava katIrthe pUjitaH surAyaNanA mA� |
pUrNa guNairdhika pUrNaj~nAnechchhAbhaktibhiH svadhikapUrNaH� || 81||
Thus has been worshipped through knowledge ,desire and devotion by
Srimadanandatirtha,the Lord having the name Narayana.He is Allfull.He is the
Supermost, possessing all qualities fully residing in higher deities like
Brahma,the support of gods.And He is the Supreme Person.O Lord,protect us
all.
Commentaries on Yamaka Bharatha.
1)Narahari Thitha's Tika
This the first and foremost commentary on "Yamaka Bharatha.It is in verse.All
other Commentators openly acknowledged their debt to Sri� Narahari Thirtha.
2)Narahari Thirtha's Tippani: This is in prose.
3)Tammanna Bhatta's Tippani
4)Yadhupathi's tika:Yamaka Bharathatika by Sri Yadupati Acharya is quite
popular and mostly followed by students of the poem.He is the celebrated
author of "Nyayasudhatippani" a scholary gloss on the Nyayasudha of Sri
Jayathirtha.
5)Bhagavat's YamakaBharatha Tika
This is also a good commentary composed by one named Bhagavat,disciple of
Bhaskari Venkatavarahacarya.Bhagavat also follows Yadupathi and mentions his
name too.So he must be later than Yadhupathi Acharya.
6)Narayana's Tika:This is a very scholarly commentary where the genius of the
author has been revealed in an outstanding manner.It is Narayana himself who
has given fourteen meanings of� "dEvakyante"(Verse 5) and it is who explained
the verse 71 rama rama mahabaho as describing not only the dashavataras but
also "hayagrivavathara" and "VEdavyasavathara".
7)Guttal Hayagrivacharya's "Lagutippani".
Five more (modern) writers have made their contributions as aids to understand
the mahakavya four in Kannada and one in English.
1)Sri Bannanje Govindacharya's Sri Krishnamrutha
maharnava,Nakastuthi,Mahabarathatatparya,Srikrishna padya
2)Agrahar Narayana Tantri 's� Yamaka Bharatha mattu Tantrasara
3)Sri H.H. Vidyadhishatirthaswamiji's Sri
Mahabarathatatparyam(Yamakabharatam)
4)Vidwan A Haridasabatta 's kannada translation is included in Sarvamula
grantagalu ,Sankirnagrantagalu.
5)Shri T.S.Raghavendran :Sri Yamaka Bharatham
Lastly,
I thank Sri D.N. Shanbag for permitting me to use the material from his recent
book titled, Sri Madhvacharya's YamakaBharatha,published by� Bharat Prakashana
,Dharwad .
I thank Sri NAPS rao for providing additional information on verse 53.
I thank Sri Keshavarao� for��excellent write up on verse 78. and finally I
thank List administrators and Srisharao for providing me an opportunity to do
this little service.
brahmAnthA gurava: sAkShAth iShtam dhaivam shriya:pathi:
aachARyA: shrImadhAchARyA: santhu mE janma janmani