The Defensive (UK--History of the Second World War) (original) (raw)
Chapter
Page
xiii
xix
I
Maritime War and Maritime Strategy
1
II
Maritime War--The British Shore Organisation
15
III
The Development of Sea-Air Co-operation
29
IV
Allied and Enemy War Plans and Dispositions
41
V
Opening Moves in Home Waters 3rd September-31st December, 1939
63
VI
The Sea Approaches and Coastal Waters 3rd September-31st December, 1939
91
VII
Ocean Warfare 3rd September-31st December, 1939
111
VIII
The Sea Approaches and Coastal Waters 1st January-31st May, 1940
123
IX
The Home Fleet
1st January-9th April, 1940
147
X
The Norwegian Campaign
8th April-15th June, 1940
169
XI
The Control of the Narrow Seas
10th May-4th June, 1940
205
XII
The Withdrawal from Europe
5th-25th June, 1940
229
XIII
The Control of Home Waters
30th May-31st December, 1940
247
XIV
Ocean Warfare
1st January-31st December, 1940
269
XV
The African Campaigns
1 May-31st December, 1940
293
XVI
Coastal Warfare
1st June, 1940-31st March, 1941
321
XVII
The Campaign in the North-West Approaches
1st June, 1940-31st March, 1941
343
XVIII
Ocean Warfare
1st January-31st May, 1941
367
XIX
The Home Fleet
1st January-31st May, 1941
389
XX
The African Campaigns
1st January-31st May, 1941
419
XXI
The Battle of the Atlantic
1st April-31st December, 1941
451
XXII
Home Waters and the Arctic
1st June-31st December, 1941
483
XXIII
Coastal Warfare
1st April-31st December, 1941
497
XXIV
The African Campaigns
1st June-31st December, 1941
515
XXV
Ocean Warfare
1st June-31st December, 1941
541
XXVI
Disaster in the Pacific
December 1941
553
APPENDICES
Appendix A
The Board of Admiralty, September 1939-December 1941
573
Appendix B
Defensive Arming of Merchant Ships--the position on 1st March 1941
574
Appendix C
The Royal Navy and Royal Marines, Active and Reserve Strength, 1939-45
575
Appendix D
Particulars of principal British and Dominion warships in commission, preparing to commission or building in September 1939
577
Appendix E
Distribution of British and Dominion Naval Strength, September 1939
583
Appendix F
Summary of the principal warships built for the Royal Navy under the 1939, War Emergency, 1940 and 1941 Building Programmes
588
Appendix G
The German Navy and the outbreak of war
590
Appendix H
The Italian Navy, Strength and Dispositions, June 1940
593
Appendix J
The Principal British Mercantile Convoy Routes, 1939-41
598
Appendix K
German and Italian U-boats sunk, 1939-41, and analysis of cause of sinking
599
Appendix L
Operation DYNAMO. Summary of British and Allied ships employed, troops lifted and British ships lost or damaged
603
Appendix M
Enemy Surface Commerce Raiders, 19i39-41. Performance data and particulars of losses caused
604
Appendix N
German Supply Ships working with Raiders and U-boats, 1939-41
606
Appendix O
The Battle of the Atlantic Directive by the Minister of Defence, 6th March 1941
609
Appendix P
Chronological Summary of Moves by the United States Government affecting the War at Sea, 1939-41
612
Appendix Q
German U-boat strength, 1939-41
614
Appendix R
British, Allied and Neutral Merchant Ship Losses by cause and by theatres, 1939-41
615
Index
621
MAPS AND DIAGRAMS
Number
Subject
Facing page
Naval Command Areas at Home, 1939, and Associated Maritime R.A.F. Commands
37
Naval Command Areas and Associated R.A.F. Commands, September 1939
43
The English Channel, Ushant to Texel
63
The Northern Passages to the Atlantic, North Norway to Greenland
65
The North Sea, including the coasts of the Low Countries and North Germany
71
Scapa Flow, showing defences as completed 1940-41
74
The Sortie of the Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, 21st-27th November, 1939, and the sinking of the Rawalpindi
83
The Western Approaches to the British Isles
91
The Principal Atlantic and Home Waters Mercantile Convoy Routes, September 1939-April 1941
93
British and German Declared Mine Areas, 1939-40
97
The Cruises of the Admiral Graf Spee and Deutschland, 1939
115
The Battle of the River Plate, 13th December 1939
118
The East Coast of Britain, including the Thames Estuary
127
The Norwegian Campaign, British and German Naval Movements, 7th-9th April, 1940
159
The Norwegian Campaign, British and German Naval Movements, 9th-13th April, 1940
171
The First Battle of Narvik, 10th April 1940
175
The Second Battle of Narvik, 13th April 1940
177
Norway, Vestfiord and Approaches
page 181
Central Norway, the Approaches to Trondheim
page 182
The Sortie of the Scharnhorst, Gneisenau and Hipper, 4th-13th June 1940
195
The Sea Routes used during the Evacuation from Dunkirk, 26th May to 4th June, 1940
page 220
The Bay of Biscay and the Approaches to Western France
233
The Central and South Atlantic Oceans
273
The Operations of Disguised German Raiders, January-December, 1940
279
The Cruises of the Admiral Scheer and Admiral Hipper, January-December 1940
287
The Mediterranean Theatre
293
26A.
Operation MENACE; British and French Movements, 7th-16h September, 1940
page 313
26B.
Operation MENACE; the Second Bombardment, noon to 3 p.m., 24th September 1940
page 318
The Cruises of the Admiral Scheer,Admiral Hipper, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, January-Mary 1941
369
The Straits of Gibraltar and the Approaches to the Mediterranean from the West
381
The Operations of Disguised German Raiders, January-May 1941
383
The pursuit of the Bismarck; the first phase, 23rd-24th May, 1941
397
H.M. Ships Hood and Prince of Wales in action with the Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, 24th May 1941
page 403
The pursuit of the Bismarck; the second phase, 24th-26th May, 1941
409
The pursuit of the Bismarck; the final phase and final action, 27th May 1941
415
The Indian Ocean and Approaches to the Mediterranean from the East
426
Movements of British and Italian Fleets, 28th-29th March, 1941, leading to the Battle of Cape Matapan
429
The Eastern Mediterranean, showing the naval losses incurred in the Greece, Crete and Syrian Campaigns, 1941
436
The Western Atlantic and the Approaches to Newfoundland, Canada and the East Coast of the U.S.A.
453
The Principal Atlantic and Home Waters Convoy Routes, June 1940-December 1941
457
Typical Atlantic Convoy and Anti-Submarine Escorts, 1940-41
page 465
The Arctic Convoy Routes, 1941, and the Approaches to Murmansk and Archangel
485
The Interception of German Raider and U-boat Supply Ships, June-December 1941
page 543
The Operations of German Disguised Raiders, 1st June-31st December, 1941
545
The sinking of H.M. Ships Prince of Wales and Repulse, 10th December 1941
565
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
Royal Navy--Aircraft Carriers in Service, 1939
31
British Empire--Effective Naval Strength, 1939
50
French Fleet--General Disposition, 1939
51
Northern Patrol--Ships Intercepted, September 1939-January 1940
67
Allied Merchant Ship Losses, September-December 1939
106
Raider Hunting Groups, October 1939
114
Northern Patrol--Ships Intercepted, January-April 1940
149
Italian Merchant Shipping Losses, June-December 1940
307
German Air Attacks on Shipping and Losses within 40 miles of the coast or of an R.A.F. Airfield, November 1940-June 1941
332
The R.A.F.'s Air Minelaying Campaign, June 1940-March 1941
336
The Air Offensive against Enemy Shipping, April 1940-March 1941
339-340
Italian and German (Mediterranean) Merchant Shipping Losses, January-May 1941
439
Comparison of Losses to Independently-routed and Convoyed Ships, November 1940-May 1941
458
Royal Navy--Escort Vessel Strength, June 1941
464
The Air Offensive against Enemy Shipping, April-December 1941
507
German Air Attacks on Shipping and Losses within 40 miles of the coast or of an R..F. Airfield, April-December 1941
508
The R.A.F.'s Air Minelaying Campaign, April-December 1941
511
Comparative results obtained by Air Minelaying and by Direct Attack on Shipping at Sea, April 1940-December 1941
512
Stores and Men transported to and from Tobruk, April 1940-December 1941
520
Italian and German (Mediterranean) Merchant Shipping Losses, June-September 1941
528
Malta Convoys, 1941
531
Italian and German (Mediterranean) Merchant Shipping Losses, October-December 1941
537
Allied Shipping Sunk or Captured by Enemy Warships and Armed Merchant Raiders, 19490-41
541
The Interception of German Supply Ships, June 1941
544
German Warship and Armed Merchant Raiders, 1939-1941
550
Allied and Enemy Naval Forces in the Pacific, December 1941
560
ILLUSTRATIONS
Admiral of the Fleet Sir A. Dudley P.R. Pound
Frontispece
Facing page
The Reserve Fleet in Weymouth Bay, August 1939
16
Part of the Home Fleet off Invergordon, August 1939
17
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles M. Forbes
32
Admiral Sir John C. Tovey
32
Air Chief Marshal Sir F. W. Bowhill
33
Air chief Marshal Sir P. B. Joubert de la Ferté
33
H.M.S. Ark Royal off Rosyth, August 1939
72
'The Squadron Navigating Officer', by Sir Muirhead Bone
Following page 72
Naval Swordfish Torpedo-Spotter-Reconnaissance Aircraft
Following page 72
H.M.S. Nelson in Loch Ewe, 1st October 1939
73
'Fleet Minesweepers at work in the Straits', by Leslie Cole
100
'A Minesweeper', by Charles Cundall
100
An East Coast Convoy, 1940
101
Typical British Escort Vessels in Service 1939-1941
128
'The Wardroom and Mess Deck of an S. Class Submarine', by Stephen Bone
129
'Eleven O'Clock in the Fo'c's'le', by Henry Lamb
129
'The Atlantic', by R. V. Pitchforth
144
'Ship's Boat at Sea', by Richard Eurich
144
Escort vessels on patrol, 1940
145
A destroyer in heavy weather, H.M.S. Kashmir, 1940
145
'The withdrawal from Dunkirk', by Richard Eurich
224
'Portsmouth Harbour after an Air Raid', by Richard Eurich
225
Vice-Admiral Sir James F. Somerville
240
'Force H' off Gibraltar
241
The German Supply Ship Altmark in Jossing Fiord, February 1940
288
The German heavy cruiser Hipper in dock at Brest, January 1941
289
The Admiral Scheer captures a tanker
289
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew B. Cunningham
304
H.M.S. Warspite, Mediterranean Fleet Flagship
305
'Air attack on a Channel Convoy', by Norman Wilkinson
336
'Falmouth Harbour, 1940', by John Platt
337
Atlantic Convoy at Sea on 10th June 1941
360
The Battle of the Atlantic, The Toll
Following page 360
The Destruction of a Focke-Wulf Kondor, July 1941
361
The Bismarck in Grimstad Fiord, 21st May 1941
400
The Bismarck, before sailing for the Atlantic
400
H.M.S. Norfolk shadowing the Bismarck, 24th May 1941
401
H.M.S. Suffolk in the Denmark Strait
401
The German battleship Bismarck
416
Oil track left by the Bismarck, 24th May 1941
417
The Bismarck on fire and sinking, 27th May 1941
417
Air depth-charge attack on a U-boat, December 1941
466
The Surrender of U.570 to a Hudson Aircraft, 27th August, 1941
467
U.570 in British service as H.M.S. Graph
467
Admiral Sir Percy L. H. Noble and Air Vice-Marshal J. M. Robb
472
Atlantic Convoy O.B.331 at sea, 10th June 1941
Following page 472
H.M.S. Keppel searching for a convoy south of Iceland, October 1941
473
The Operational Plot of the Western Approaches Command, 24th December 1941
480
H.M.S. Audacity (Auxiliary Aircraft Carrier) and H.M.S. Ariguani (Fighter Catapult Ship) at sea 1941
481
'Convoy to Russia', by Charles Pears
496
'Convoy entering Murmansk', by Norman Wilkinson
496
H.M.S. Prince of Wales with the Prime Minister on board passing through an Atlantic Convoy, August 1941
497
H.M.S. Ark Royal under bombing attack, November 1940
528
The Sinking of H.M.S. Ark Royal, 14th November 1941
529