Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load (original) (raw)
This is the definitive table for both the glycemic index and the glycemic load. I am able to reproduce it here courtesy of the author, Professor Jennie Brand-Miller of the University of Sydney. It is based on a table in different format but no more foods published December 2008 in Diabetes Care. However, only the abstract is free online there.
GI of 55 is low; GL of 10 is low.
This table includes the glycemic index and glycemic load of more than 2,480 individual food items. Not all of them, however, are available in the United States. They represent a true international effort of testing around the world.
The glycemic index (GI) is a numerical system of measuring how much of a rise in circulating blood sugar a carbohydrate triggers–the higher the number, the greater the blood sugar response. So a low GI food will cause a small rise, while a high GI food will trigger a dramatic spike. A list of carbohydrates with their glycemic values is shown below. A GI of 70 or more is high, a GI of 56 to 69 inclusive is medium, and a GI of 55 or less is low.
The glycemic load (GL) is a relatively new way to assess the impact of carbohydrate consumption that takes the glycemic index into account, but gives a fuller picture than does glycemic index alone. A GI value tells you only how rapidly a particular carbohydrate turns into sugar. It doesn't tell you how much of that carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. You need to know both things to understand a food's effect on blood sugar. That is where glycemic load comes in. The carbohydrate in watermelon, for example, has a high GI. But there isn't a lot of it, so watermelon's glycemic load is relatively low. A GL of 20 or more is high, a GL of 11 to 19 inclusive is medium, and a GL of 10 or less is low.
Foods that have a low GL almost always have a low GI. Foods with an intermediate or high GL range from very low to very high GI.
Both GI and GL are listed here. The GI is of foods based on the glucose index–where glucose is set to equal 100. The other is the glycemic load, which is the glycemic index divided by 100 multiplied by its available carbohydrate content (i.e. carbohydrates minus fiber) in grams. (The "Serve size (g)" column is the serving size in grams for calculating the glycemic load; for simplicity of presentation I have left out an intermediate column that shows the available carbohydrates in the stated serving sizes.) Take, watermelon as an example of calculating glycemic load. Its glycemic index is pretty high, about 72. According to the calculations by the people at the University of Sydney's Human Nutrition Unit, in a serving of 120 grams it has 6 grams of available carbohydrate per serving, so its glycemic load is pretty low, 72/100*6=4.32, rounded to 4.
My previous glycemic index page, which this page supplants, was based on the 2002 table published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That in turn supplanted my original glycemic lists page, which was based on the original 1995 publication of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
I know that some people would prefer the relative simplicity of a list of just the most common American foods. You can find such a list at http://www.mendosa.com/common_foods.htm.
If you are looking for a relatively simple description of the glycemic index, please see my article titled "The Glycemic Index" at http://www.mendosa.com/gidigest.htm.
This table may be freely utilized for personal use, but may not be copied to any other Web site or publication. Webmasters of other Web sites are, however, welcomed to link this Web page.
Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with normal glucose tolerance: 2008
Food Number and Item
GI2
Serve
GL3
(Glucose
Size
per
= 100)
g
serve
BAKERY PRODUCTS
Cakes
1
Banana cake, made with sugar
47±8
60
14
2
Banana cake, made without sugar
55±10
60
12
3
Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)
36
60
8
4
Chocolate cake made from packet mix
38±3
111
20
with chocolate frosting (Betty Crocker,
General Mills Inc., Minneapolis, USA)
5
Cupcake, strawberry-iced (Squiggles,
73±12
38
19
Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
6
Lamingtons (sponge dipped in chocolate and
87±17
50
25
coconut) (Farmland, Grocery Holdings, Australia)
7
Pound cake 0% (Bimbo S.A de C.V, Mexico)
38±5
60
9
8
Raspberry Coffee cake, President's Choice®
50±4
60
13
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
9
Vanilla cake, made from packet mix with
42±4
58
24
vanilla frosting (Betty Crocker, USA)
Desserts
10
Apple Berry crumble, President's Choice®
41±3
165
14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
11
Bavarian (mousse filling on biscuit base), Chocolate
31±5
75
6
honeycomb, light (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
12
Danish, Apple & Peach, light (Sara Lee Bakery,
50±4
50
11
Australia)
13
Doughnut, wheat dough, deep-fried (China)
75±7
50
15
Muffins
14
Apple muffin, made with rolled oats and sugar
44±6
60
13
15
Apple muffin, made rolled oats and without sugar
48±10
60
9
16
Apple Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
49±4
60
12
17
Apple, oat, sultana muffin (Australia)
54±4
50
14
18
Apricot, coconut and honey muffin (Australia)
60±4
50
16
19
Banana, oat and honey muffin (Australia)
65±11
50
17
20
Blueberry muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
50±3
60
15
21
Blueberry (Wild) 10-Grain muffin, President's Choice®
57±7
70
22
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
22
Chocolate butterscotch muffin (Australia)
53±5
50
15
23
Chocolate chip muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
52±6
60
17
24
Cranberry & Orange Soy muffin, President's Choice®
48±6
70
14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
25
Double chocolate muffin (Sara Lee Bakery, Australia)
46±4
60
16
26
Muffin, plain, made from wheat flour (Spain)
46±8
50
11
27
Muffin, reduced-fat, low-calorie, made from
37±3
50
9
high-amylose corn starch and maltitol (Spain)
28
Raisin Bran Flax muffin, President's Choice®
52±3
70
17
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
29
Raspberry Pomegranate muffin, President's Choice®
58±7
70
19
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Pancakes
30
Pancakes, homemade (Fiji)
66±9
80
17
31
Pancakes, prepared from shake mix
67±5
80
38
(Green's General Foods, Glendenning, Australia)
32
Pancakes, prepared from wheat flour (China)
80±4
80
16
33
Pancakes, buckwheat, gluten-free, made from packet
102±11
80
23
mix (Orgran Natural Foods, Carrum Downs, Australia)
34
Pancakes, gluten-free, made from packet mix
61±6
80
32
(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
35
Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)
46
80
10
36
Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut
61
80
22
flour (Philippines)
37
Pastry, puff (PampasTM, Australia)
56±5
50
11
38
Pikelets, Golden brand (Tip Top Bakeries,
85±14
40
18
Chatswood, Australia)
39
Scones, plain, made from packet mix
92±8
25
8
(Defiance Milling Co, Australia)
BEVERAGES
40
Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Choc Banana
24±3
250 mL
4
flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
41
Aussie Bodies Start the Day UHT, Chocolate
26±4
250 mL
4
flavored drink (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
42
Beer, Toohey's New (Tooheys Pty Limited, Australia)7
66±7
250 mL
5
43
Chocolate DaydreamTM shake, fructose (Revival
33±4
250 mL
6
Soy®, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
44
Chocolate DaydreamTM shake, sucralose (Revival
25±4
250 mL
1
Soy®, Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
Coca Cola®
45
Coca Cola®, soft drink (Coca Cola Amatil, Sydney,
53±7
250 mL
14
Australia)
46
Coca Cola®, soft drink (Coca Cola Bottling
63
250 mL
16
Company, Atlanta, USA)
47
Cordial, orange, reconstituted (Berri Ltd,
66±8
250 mL
13
Berri, Australia)
48
Fanta®, orange soft drink
68±6
250 mL
23
(Coca Cola Amatil, Australia)
49
Fruit punch (USA)
67
250 mL
19
50
Lemonade, Scheweppes®, lemon soft drink
54±5
250 mL
15
(Cadbury Schweppes, Sydney, Australia)
51
Mars Active® Energy Drink, flavored milk
46±4
250 mL
15
(M&M/Mars, USA)
52
Orange Delight Cocktail with pulp,
44±5
250 mL
7
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
53
RibenaTM blackcurrant fruit syrup, reconsituted
52±5
250 mL
17
with water (GlaxoSmithKline Group, Australia)
Rice milk drink
54
Rice milk drink, low-fat, Australia's Own NaturalTM
92±9
250 mL
29
(So Natural Foods, Taren Point, Australia)
55
Vitasoy® rice milk, low-fat, calcium enriched
79±8
250 mL
17
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
56
Slim FastTM French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake
37±5
250 mL
10
(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, USA)
Smoothie, made from milk and fruit
57
Smoothie, banana (Australia)
30±4
250 mL
8
58
Smoothie, banana and strawberry, V8 Splash®
44±3
250 mL
11
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, USA)
59
Smoothie, mango (Australia)
32±4
250 mL
9
60
Smoothie, raspberry (Con Agra Inc, Omaha, USA)
33±9
250 mL
14
mean of four foods
35±3
250 mL
11
Smoothie, made from soy milk
61
Smoothie drink, soy, banana
30±3
250 mL
7
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
62
Smoothie drink, soy, chocolate hazelnut
34±3
250 mL
8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
63
SoloTM, lemon squash, soft drink
58±5
250 mL
17
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)8
64
Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's
40±5
250 mL
11
Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
65
Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice®
15±4
250 mL
1
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
66
Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice®
28±3
250 mL
4
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
67
Up & Go, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal liquid
43±5
250 mL
11
breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)8
68
Up & Go, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal
46±5
250 mL
11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium Health Foods, Australia)8
69
V8 Splash®, tropical blend fruit drink
47±4
250 mL
13
(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
70
Xpress, chocolate (soy bean, cereal and
39±2
250 mL
13
legume extract drink with fructose)8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)
71
V8® 100% vegetable juice
43±4
250 mL
4
(Campbell's Soup Company, USA)
72
Yakult®, fermented milk drink with
46±6
65 mL
6
Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
73
Yakult® Light, fermented milk drink with
36±6
65 mL
3
Lactobacilus casei (Yakult, Dandenong, Australia)
Sports drinks
74
Gatorade® (Spring Valley Beverages Pty
78±13
250 mL
12
Ltd, Cheltenham, Vic, Australia)
75
Isostar® (Novartis Consumer Health,
70±15
250 mL
13
Nyon, Switzerland)
76
Sustagen Sport® (Mead Johnson,
43±9
250 mL
21
Rydalmere, NSW, Australia)
77
Thorpedo® Advanced Hydration for Kids, all flavors
11±2
250 mL
4
(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
78
Thorpedo® Ultra Low GI Energy Water, all flavors
16±4
250 mL
2
(Thorpedo Foods, Australia)
Drinks made from drinking mix powders
79
Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, Chocolate
39±4
250 mL
5
flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
80
Aussie Bodies Trim Protein Shake, French Vanilla
41±3
250 mL
5
flavored (Aussie Bodies Pty Ltd, Australia)
81
Build-UpTM nutrient-fortified drink, vanilla
41±4
250 mL
14
with fiber, (Nestlé, Sydney, Australia)
82
CinchTM Café Latte weight management powder,
27±3
250 mL
8
prepared with skim milk
(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, USA)
83
CinchTM Chocolate weight management powder,
16±3
250 mL
5
prepared with skim milk
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
84
CinchTM Vanilla weight management powder,
22±3
250 mL
6
prepared with skim milk (Shaklee Corporation, USA)
85
Complete Hot Chocolate mix made with
51±3
250 mL
12
hot water (Nestlé, Australia)
86
Hi-Pro energy drink mix, vanilla, containing soy
36±3
250 mL
7
protein and whey powder (Harrod foods, Sefton,
Australia) mixed in reduced-fat (1.5%) milk
87
Malted milk powder in full-fat milk (Nestlé, Australia)
45±3
250 mL
12
MiloTM (chocolate nutrient-fortified drink powder)
88
MiloTM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in water
55±3
250 mL
9
89
MiloTM (Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand)
52±5
250 mL
8
dissolved in water
90
MiloTM (Nestlé, Australia) dissolved in full-fat milk
35±2
250 mL
9
91
MiloTM (Nestlé, New Zealand) dissolved in full-fat milk
36±3
250 mL
9
92
MiloTM Breakfast Smoothie powder prepared
39±5
250 mL
13
with skim milk (Nestlé, Australia)
93
NutrimealTM, meal replacement drink, Dutch Chocolate
26±3
250 mL
4
(Usana, Salt Lake City, USA) (2000)
94
NutrimealTM, meal replacement drink, all flavors
20±2
250 mL
3
(Usana Australia, Baulkham Hills, Australia) (2007)
95
Proform Hi-protein powder, neutral flavor,
45±3
250 mL
22
prepared with skim milk
(MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)
96
Proform Hi-protein powder, vanilla flavor, prepared
42±5
250 mL
21
with skim milk (MGC Dairy Co Pty Ltd, Australia)
QuikTM (sweet drink powder)
97
QuikTM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), made with water
53±5
250
4
98
QuikTM, chocolate (Nestlé, Australia), prepared with
41±4
250
5
1.5% fat milk
99
QuikTM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), prepared
64±8
250
5
with in water
100
QuikTM, strawberry (Nestlé, Australia), prepared
35±3
250
4
with 1.5% fat milk
BREADS
101
Bagel, white (USA)9
69
70
24
Baguette
102
Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat
57±9
30
10
flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
103
Whole Grain Baguette, President's Choice® Blue
73±6
30
9
Menutm (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
104
French baguette with chocolate spread (France)
72±8
70
27
105
French baguette with butter and strawberry jam
62±7
70
26
(France)
106
Pain au lait (Pasquier, France)
63±10
60
20
Barley breads
Coarse barley kernel bread, 80% kernels
107
80% scalded intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)
34
30
7
108
80% intact kernels (20% white wheat flour)
40
30
8
109
Barley kernel bread, 50% kibbled barley (Australia)
48
30
10
110
Sunflower and barley bread (Riga bakeries,
57±6
30
6
Sydney, Australia)
111
Sunflower and barley bread (Vogel's, UK)
70±10
30
8
Barley flour breads
112
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) bread
67
30
13
(20% white wheat flour) (Sweden)
113
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (50% regular
50
30
7
barley flour, 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
114
Wholemeal barley bread, flat, thin, soft (20% regular
43
30
5
barley flour, 80% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
115
Barley flour bread, made from 50% wheat flour and
74±15
30
12
50% coarse sieved barley flour (containing 4.2%
total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 2.8% soluble) (Italy)
116
Barley flour bread, made from 80% wheat flour and
70±7
30
11
20% water-extracted barley flour (containing 6.3%
total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 5.7% soluble) (Italy)
117
Whole grain barley flour bread, made from 50% barley
85±14
30
15
flour and 50% wheat flour (containing 2.4%
total 1-3, 1-4 β-glucan of which 2.0% soluble) (Italy)
118
Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour and
49
30
6
30% white wheat flour, baked long-time at
low tempertaure (Sweden)
119
Barley bread, 70% high-amylose barley flour & 30%
70
30
9
white wheat flour, conventionally baked (Sweden)
Wholemeal barley flour (80%) & white wheat flour
(20%) breads - fermented or with added
organic acids or salts (Sweden)
120
Wholemeal barley flour bread (used as reference food
70
30
14
for the 5 breads below)9
121
Wholemeal barley flour bread with
53
30
10
sourdough (lactic acid)9
122
Wholemeal barley flour bread with lactic acid9
66
30
12
123
Wholemeal barley flour bread with calcium lactate9
59
30
12
124
Wholemeal barley flour bread with sodium propionate9
65
30
13
125
Wholemeal barley flour bread with higher dose
57
30
11
sodium propionate9
Buckwheat bread
126
Buckwheat bread, 50% dehusked buckwheat
47
30
10
groats and 50% white wheat flour (Sweden)
127
Buckwheat bread (China)
67±2
30
13
Chickpea flour bread
128
Chickpea flour bread, made from Amethyst-type
55
30
7
desi chickpeas (JK International Pty Ltd,
Rocklea, Australia)
129
Chickpea flour bread, made from extruded
67
30
8
chickpea flour (Australia)
130
Corn tortilla, made from white corn, Diego's brand
49±6
50
11
(San Diego Tortilla Factory Pty Ltd, Andrews,
QLD, Australia)
131
Bread, flax, made from flax meal & wheat flour (Canada)9
67
30
8
Fruit breads
132
Bürgen® Fruit loaf (Tip Top Bakeries,
44±5
30
6
Chatswood, Australia)
133
Bürgen® Fruit and Muesli bread
53±4
30
7
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
134
Continental fruit loaf, wheat bread
47±6
30
7
with dried fruit (Australia)
135
Fruit and cinnamon bread (Finest, UK)
71±11
30
11
136
Fruit and Spice Loaf, thick sliced
54±6
30
8
(Buttercup bakeries, Moorebank, Australia)
137
Fruit loaf, sliced (UK)
57±6
30
9
138
HappinessTM (cinnamon, raisin, pecan bread)
63±5
30
9
(Natural Ovens, Mannitowoc, USA)
139
Muesli bread, made from packet mix in
54±6
30
7
bread making machine (Con Agra Inc., USA)
140
Whole-wheat bread with dried fruit (China)
47±2
30
7
Gluten-free bread
141
Gluten-free multigrain bread (Country Life Bakery,
79±13
30
10
Dandenong, Australia)
142
Gluten-free white bread (Country Life Bakery, Autralia)
40±5
30
3
143
Gluten-free buckwheat bread, made with buckwheat
72±5
30
8
meal & rice flour
(Naturis Organic Bread, NSW, Australia)
Hamburger/Hot dog buns
144
100% Whole wheat Gigantico Burger Buns,
62±6
30
7
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
145
100% Whole wheat Gigantico Hot Dog Rolls,
62±6
30
7
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Oat bread
146
Coarse oat kernel bread, 80% intact oat kernels
65
30
12
and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
Oat bran bread
147
50% oat bran (Australia)
44
30
8
148
45% oat bran and 50% wheat flour (Sweden)
50
30
9
149
Oatmeal batch bread (UK)
62±8
30
9
Rice bread
150
Rice bread, low-amylose Calrose rice
72±9
30
8
(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Ingleburn, Australia)
151
Rice bread, high-amylose Doongara rice
61±9
30
7
(Pav's Allergy Bakery, Australia)
Rye bread
152
Rye bread (50% rye flour + 50% wheat flour) (Turkey)
50
30
7
153
Wheat and rye bread (75% wheat flour +
40
30
6
10% rye flour + 15% wheat bran) (Turkey)
Rye kernel bread
154
Coarse rye kernel bread, 80% intact kernels and
41
30
5
20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
155
Whole-kernel rye bread, 60% whole rye kernels
57
30
6
and 40% rye flour (Finland)11
156
Rye bread (80% rye flour + 20% oat β-glucan
66
30
6
concentrate) (Finland)11
157
Rye bread, 69% whole-grain rye flour
78±10
30
11
(Jalkiuunileipa, Oululainen Ltd, Lahti, Finland)
Specialty rye breads
158
Blackbread, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery,
76±14
30
10
Sydney, Australia)
159
BürgenTM Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
55±12
30
6
160
BürgenTM Rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
51±3
30
5
161
Country Grain Organic Rye
53±4
30
5
(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
162
Roggenbrot, Vogel's (Stevns & Co, Sydney,
59±5
30
8
NSW, Australia)
163
Rye Hi-Soy with Linseed
55±4
30
5
(Country Life Bakery, Australia)
164
Schinkenbrot, Riga (Berzin's Specialty Bakery,
86±15
30
12
Sydney, Australia)
165
Sourdough rye (Australia)
48
30
6
Wheat Breads
166
Coarse wheat kernel bread, 80% intact kernels
52
30
10
and 20% white wheat flour (Sweden)
Spelt wheat breads
167
White spelt wheat bread (Belgium)
65
30
10
168
White spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)12
74
30
17
169
Wholemeal spelt wheat bread (Slovenia)12
63
30
12
170
Scalded spelt wheat kernel bread (Slovenia)12
67
30
15
171
Spelt multigrain bread® (Pav's bakery, Australia)
54±10
30
7
White wheat flour bread
172
White flour (UK)
59±11
30
8
173
White flour (Canada)
69±5
30
10
174
White flour, SunblestTM (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
70
30
10
175
White flour (Sainsbury's, UK)
70±10
30
10
176
White flour bread
71±3
30
10
177
White flour (Pepperidge Farm, Norwalk, CT, USA)
71±6
30
11
178
White flour (South Africa)
71±7
30
9
179
White flour (Italy)
72
30
11
180
White flour (Hovis, UK)
73±12
30
11
181
White flour (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)
75
30
10
182
White flour (Vodova veka Penam, Olomouc,
75±10
30
13
Czech Republic)
183
White flour (Hovis, UK)
75±12
30
11
184
White flour (Hovis Classic, British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9
87
30
11
185
White flour (China)
88±3
30
12
186
White flour (Italy)
89±12
30
18
187
White flour, homemade (UK)9
89
30
12
mean of sixteen studies
75±2
30
11
White wheat flour bread, toasted
188
White bread, toasted (Hovis, UK)
50±7
30
7
189
White bread, fresh, toasted (British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9
63
30
8
190
White bread, homemade, fresh, toasted (UK)9
66
30
9
mean of three studies
60
30
8
White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted9
191
White bread, frozen and defrosted
75
30
9
(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)9
192
White bread, homemade, frozen and defrosted (UK)
62
30
8
White wheat flour bread, frozen and defrosted,
toasted
193
White wheat bread, frozen, defrosted and toasted9
64
30
8
(British Bakeries Ltd, UK)
194
White bread, homemade, frozen, defrosted9
54
30
7
and toasted (UK)
WonderTM, enriched white bread (Interstate
Brands Companies, Kansas City, USA)
195
WonderTM, enriched white bread
71±9
30
10
196
WonderTM, enriched white bread
72±4
30
10
197
WonderTM, enriched white bread
77±3
30
11
mean of three studies
73
30
10
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
198
White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico)
50
30
8
White bread with insoluble fiber
199
White bread, enriched with 9 g lupin kernel fiber
74
30
7
(viscous insoluble fiber) (Australasian Natural
Ingredients Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia)
200
White bread with added wheatgerm and fiber (UK)
59±11
30
6
White bread with soluble fiber
201
White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium)
65
30
11
(Mexico)
202
White bread, enriched with 12 g Arabinoxylan fiber14
41
30
4
(soluble fiber) (Australia)
203
White bread, enriched with 6 g Arabinoxylan fiber14
56
30
7
(soluble fiber) (Australia)
White bread enriched with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
204
White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
63±4
30
10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
205
White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
64±5
30
10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
206
White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
68±5
30
11
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
207
White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
56±1
30
10
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
208
White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2
55±2
30
9
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
White bread consumed with fiber drink
209
White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo
49±4
-
-
Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
210
White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo
57±5
-
-
Kagaku Co, Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250mL water
211
White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin
66±6
-
-
(Matsutani Chemical Industry Co Ltd, Japan)
in 250 mL water
212
White bread consumed with 10 g inulin (Orafti,
67±6
-
-
Tienen, Belgium) in 250 mL water
White bread with added ingredients
213
White bread (100% wheat flour) + 2% pectin
85
30
11
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
214
White bread (100% wheat flour) + 5% fruit fiber
76
30
9
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
215
White bread (80% wheat flour + 20% chickpea flour)
79
30
9
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
216
White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% modified corn
78
30
10
starch) (George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
217
White bread (90% wheat flour + 10% tapicoa starch)
77
30
10
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
218
White bread (95% wheat flour + 5% oat bran)
74
30
10
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
219
White bread, containing 2% guar gum
66
30
8
(George Weston Foods Ltd, Australia)
220
White bread, containing 2% vinegar and 2.5%
79
30
9
sourdough (Noble Rise Crunchy Toast, Australia)
221
White bread containing Eurylon® high-amylose
42
30
8
maize starch (France)15
222
White bread eaten with powdered dried
48
30
7
seaweed (Nori alga) (Spain)
223
White bread eaten with vinegar as vinaigrette
45
30
7
(Sweden)
224
White bread eaten with 18 g white vinegar
63
30
9
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
225
White bread eaten with 23 g white vinegar
73
30
11
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
226
White bread eaten with 28 g white vinegar
54
30
8
(6% acetic acid) (Sweden)
227
White and wholemeal bread (ratio 1:1), fermented by
54
30
6
sourdough lactobacilli (pH 1.5) and fiber-enriched
with oat fiber (Italy)
White bread, with different proving times
and bread volumes
228
White bread, prepared with a 10 min prove and a
38±4
30
5
second 2 min proving (low loaf volume) (UK)
229
White bread, prepared with a 30 min prove and a
72±7
30
9
second 12 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
230
White bread, prepared with a 60 min prove and a
86±9
30
11
second 30 min proving (moderate loaf volume) (UK)
231
White bread, prepared with a 40 min prove, a second
100±7
30
13
25 min proving and a third 50 min proving
(large loaf volume) (UK)
White resistant starch-enriched bread
232
Fiber WhiteTM (Nature's Fresh,
77±10
30
11
Auckland, New Zealand)
233
WonderwhiteTM (Buttercup Bakeries, Australia)
80±8
30
11
Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
234
Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK)
68±9
30
7
235
Wholemeal flour (China)
69±3
30
9
236
Wholemeal flour (Sainsbury's, UK)
71±12
30
8
237
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
72±6
30
8
238
Wholemeal flour (Australia)
74
30
10
239
Wholemeal flour (Hovis, UK)
74±8
30
8
240
Wholemeal flour (South Africa)
75±9
30
9
241
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
77±9
30
9
242
Wholemeal flour (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
78±16
30
9
243
Wholemeal flour (France)
85±27
30
13
mean of ten studies
74± 2
30
9
Wholemeal stoneground (whole wheat)
wheat flour bread
244
Wholemeal bread, stoneground flour (Bill's Organic
59±8
30
7
Bread, Cardiff, Australia)
245
Wholemeal flour, stoneground (Waitrose, UK)
66±13
30
8
Specialty wheat breads
246
Bakers DelightTM Hi Fibre Lo GI white bread
52±7
30
8
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
247
Bakers DelightTM Wholemeal Country Grain bread
53±9
30
6
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
BürgenTM Mixed Grain bread (Tip Top Bakeries,
Chatswood, Australia)
248
BürgenTM Mixed Grain
34±4
30
4
249
BürgenTM Mixed Grain
45±12
30
5
250
BürgenTM Mixed Grain
52±4
30
5
mean of three studies
44
30
5
251
BürgenTM Oat Bran & Honey Loaf with Barley
31±3
30
3
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (1995)
252
BürgenTM Oatbran & Honey bread
49±4
30
5
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia) (2002)
253
BürgenTM Pumpkin Seed bread, containing 6%
49±4
30
4
pumpkin seeds (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
254
Bürgen® Soy-Lin, kibbled soy (8%) and linseed (8%)
36±4
30
3
loaf (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
255
Bürgen® Wholmeal & Seeds
39±8
30
2
(Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
256
Crusty malted wheat bread (Finest, UK)
52±8
30
7
257
English MuffinTM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)
77±7
30
11
258
English Muffin, Whole Grain Multigrain,
45±3
30
5
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
259
Golden HearthTM Organic Heavy Wholegrain bread
53±7
30
7
(Gold Coast Bakeries, QLD, Australia)
260
Healthy ChoiceTM Hearty 7 Grain
55±6
30
8
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
261
Healthy ChoiceTM Hearty 100% Whole Grain
62±6
30
9
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
262
Helga'sTM Classic Seed Loaf (Quality Bakers,
68±9
30
9
Sydney, Australia)
263
Helga'sTM Traditional Wholemeal bread
70±14
30
9
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
264
Hunger FillerTM, whole grain bread
59±8
30
7
(Natural Ovens, USA)
265
Malt loaf, organic (UK)
59±9
30
12
266
MolenbergTM (Goodman Fielder, Auckland,
75±10
30
11
New Zealand)
267
Multigrain bread (Sainsbury's, UK)
80±10
30
8
268
Multigrain batch bread (UK)
62±8
30
9
269
9-Grain Multi-Grain (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
43±5
30
6
270
Multigrain Loaf, spelt wheat flour (Australia)
54±10
30
8
271
Multigrain (50% kibbled wheat grain) (Australia)
43
30
6
272
Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
60
30
7
273
Multiseed bread (UK)
54±4
30
7
274
Nutty NaturalTM, whole grain bread
59±7
30
7
(Natural Ovens, USA)
275
PerformaxTM (Country Life Bakery, Australia)
38±3
30
5
276
Ploughman'sTM Wholegrain, original recipe
47
30
7
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
277
Ploughman'sTM Wholemeal, smooth milled
64±10
30
9
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
278
Seeded bread (UK)
49±7
30
6
279
Sourdough wheat bread (Australia)
54
30
8
280
Sourdough Vienna bread, Bakers DelightTM
66±6
30
10
(Bakers Delight Holdings, Australia)
281
Soy & Linseed bread (made from packet mix cooked
50±6
30
5
in bread maker) (Con Agra Inc., USA)
282
Stay TrimTM, whole grain bread (Natural Ovens, USA)
70±10
30
10
283
Tip TopTM EnerGI white bread
54
30
7
(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)
284
Tip TopTM EnerGI white bread
58
30
7
(Tip Top Bakeries, George Weston Ltd, Australia)
285
3 Grain Bread, sprouted grains (Stonemill Bread,
55±6
30
5
Toronto, Canada)
286
Vogel's Honey & Oats (Stevns & Co, Sydney, Australia)
55±5
30
8
287
Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread
54±3
30
6
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
288
Vogel's Wonder White 'Low GI' white bread
59
30
7
(Quality Bakers, Australia)
289
100% Whole GrainTM bread (Natural Ovens, USA)
51±11
30
7
290
White wheat flour flatbread (Sweden)
79
30
13
291
Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,
71
30
8
leavened with crushed whole grains (Denmark)
292
Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,
65
30
8
leavened with honey and salt (Denmark)
293
Wheat bread, Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) wheat,
67
30
8
leavened with yeast (Denmark)
Unleavened Breads
294
Lebanese bread, white (Seda Bakery, Sydney, Australia)
75±9
30
12
295
Pita bread, white, mini (UK)
68±5
30
10
296
Pita bread, wholemeal (UK)
56±13
30
8
BREAKFAST CEREALS
All-BranTM (high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal)
297
All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Pagewood, NSW, Australia)17
30
30
4
298
All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)11,14
38
30
8
299
All-BranTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)
51±5
30
12
300
All-BranTM (Kellogg's, Battle Creek, MI, USA)
55±7
30
12
mean of four studies
44±6
30
9
301
All-Bran Fruit 'n OatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
41±9
30
7
302
All-Bran Soy 'n fiberTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
33±3
30
4
303
All-Bran Wheat FlakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
60±8
30
12
304
BalanceTM (Sainsbury's, UK)
74±5
30
17
305
Barley flakes (China)
69±3
30
14
Barley porridge
306
Barley flour porridge, made from milled dehulled barley
46
50 (dry)
15
kernels (flour:water = 1:3) boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
307
Barley flour porridge, made from milled high-amylose
39
50 (dry)
11
(covered) barley kernels (flour:water = 1:3),
boiled for 2.5 min (Sweden)
308
Barley porridge made from steamed thin (0.5 mm)
62
50 (dry)
17
dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
309
Barley porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm)
65
50 (dry)
18
dehulled barley flakes (Sweden)
310
Wholemeal barley flour porridge (100% regular barley)
68
50 (dry)
23
(flour:water = 1:3), boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
311
Wholemeal high-fiber barley flour porridge (50%
55
50 (dry)
8
barley flour: 50% high-fiber barley flour) (Sweden)
312
Bran cereal, high fiber (UK)
43±10
30
5
Bran Flakes
313
Branflakes (Healthy Living, UK)
50±7
30
10
314
Bran Flakes, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
65±8
30
12
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
315
Bran FlakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
74
30
13
mean of three studies
63
30
12
ChocapicTM (Nestlé, France)
316
ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)
70±10
30
17
317
ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)
74±9
30
19
318
ChocapicTM, wheat-based flaked cereal (2003)
84±9
30
22
mean of three studies
76
30
20
Coco PopsTM (cocoa flavored puffed rice)
319
Coco PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
77±8
30
20
320
Coco PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
77±3
30
20
CornflakesTM
321
Cornflakes (China)
74±3
30
19
322
CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
77
30
19
323
Cornflakes (China)
79±4
30
20
324
CornflakesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)
80±6
30
21
325
Cornflakes (Kellogg's, UK)
93±14
30
23
mean of five studies
81±3
30
20
326
Cornflakes, Crunchy NutTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
72±4
30
17
327
Corn PopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
80±4
30
21
328
Energy MixTM, wheat-based flaked cereal
80±7
30
20
(Quaker, France)
329
Fibre First Multi-Bran Cereal, President's Choice®
56±10
30
6
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
330
Froot LoopsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
69±9
30
18
331
FrostiesTM, sugar-coated cornflakes
55
30
14
(Kellogg's, Australia)
Fruit and FibreTM
332
Fruit and FibreTM (Sainsbury's, UK)
61±4
30
13
333
Fruit and Fibre (UK)
67±7
30
14
334
Fruit and Fibre (Value, UK)
68±7
30
13
mean of three studies
65
30
13
335
Fruity-BixTM, berry (Sanitarium, New Zealand)
113±10
30
25
336
Golden WheatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
71±8
30
16
337
Granola Clusters, Original, low fat,
63±4
30
14
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
338
Granola Clusters, Raisin & Almond, low fat,
70±7
30
15
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
339
GrapenutsTM (Kraft Foods Inc, Port Chester, USA)
75±6
30
16
340
GuardianTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
37±9
30
5
341
HealthwiseTM for bowel health (Uncle Toby's,
66±9
30
12
Wahgunyah, Australia)
342
High-fiber cereal (UK)
52±6
30
9
343
Hi-LiteTM, containing 55% rolled barley grains
54±5
30
10
(Freedom Foods, Cheltenham, Australia)
344
Honey Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
77±4
30
20
345
Honey SmacksTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
71±10
30
16
346
Hot cereal, apple & cinnamon (Con Agra Inc, USA)
37±6
30
8
347
Hot cereal, unflavored (Con Agra Inc., USA)
25±5
30
5
348
Just RightTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
60±15
30
13
349
Just Right Just GrainsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
62±11
30
14
350
Kashi Seven Whole Grain Puffs
65±10
30
16
(Kashi Company, USA)
351
KompleteTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
48±5
30
10
Mini Wheats, whole wheat
352
Mini WheatsTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
58±8
30
12
353
Mini Wheats (Sainsbury's, UK)
59±7
30
12
354
Mini WheatsTM, blackcurrant (Kellogg's, Australia)
72±10
30
15
Muesli
355
Alpen original muesli, made from steamed rolled oats
55±10
30
11
with dried fruit and nuts (Weetabix, UK)
356
Bürgen® Fruit & Muesli
51
30
10
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
357
Bürgen® Soy-LinTM Muesli
51±3
30
9
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
358
Bürgen® Rye Muesli
41
30
7
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
359
Muesli (Value, UK)
64±9
30
12
360
Muesli (Canada)
66±9
30
16
361
Muesli (Healthy Eating, UK)
86±10
30
18
362
Muesli, fruit (UK)
67±7
30
14
363
Muesli, fruit and nut (UK)
59±11
30
11
364
Muesli, gluten-free with Psyllium
50±7
30
5
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
365
Muesli, Light, mixed berry & apple flavor,
64±7
30
13
Special K brand (Kellogg's, Australia)
366
Muesli, Lite (Sanitarium, New Zealand)
54±12
30
10
367
Muesli, Morning Sun Natural Apricot & Almond
49±5
30
6
(Australia)
368
Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, Australia)
40±6
30
8
369
Muesli, Natural (Sanitarium, New Zealand)
57±9
30
11
370
Muesli, Natural Style Original Swiss Formula
62±6
30
11
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
371
Muesli, Naytura Fruit and Nut
48±6
30
7
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
372
Muesli, Swiss Bircher (Woolworths Limited, Australia)
52±5
30
9
373
Muesli, Swiss Formula (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
56±8
30
9
374
Muesli, toasted (Purina, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
43±:4
30
7
375
Muesli, toasted, with nuts (Australia)
65±5
30
11
376
Muesli, wholewheat (UK)
56±6
30
10
377
Muesli, yeast & wheat free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
45±5
30
4
378
Vogel's Café Style Fibre-Rich Muesli
48±6
30
9
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
379
NutrigrainTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
66±12
30
10
Oat bran, consumed as a drink mixed
with 41g glucose and water
380
15 g Oat bran (containing 2 g β-glucan), consumed
84±6
10
2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
381
30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g β-glucan), consumed
58±6
10
2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
382
30 g Oat bran (containing 4 g β-glucan), consumed
64±8
10
2
as a drink mixed with glucose and water, frozen for 13
days and then thawed before consumption (Finland)
383
45 g Oat bran (containing 6 g β-glucan), consumed
64±9
10
2
as a drink with glucose and water (Finland)
384
Oat 'n Honey BakeTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
77±11
30
13
385
Oats, rolled, uncooked (Lowan's Whole Foods,
59±4
30
11
Box Hill, Australia)
Porridge made from rolled oats
386
Porridge (Uncle Toby's, Australia)17
42
250
9
387
Porridge, made from rolled oats cooked for 20 min
49±8
250
11
(Canada)
388
Porridge oats (Freedom Foods, Australia)
50±4
250
10
389
Traditional porridge oats
51±8
250
11
(Lowan Whole Foods, Australia)
390
Porridge, made from steel-cut oats, cooked in water
52±4
250
17
(USA)
391
Porridge (China)
55±2
250
13
392
Traditional Rolled Oats (Woolworths Limited, Australia)
57±5
250
11
393
Old-Fashioned Steel Cut Oats, President's Choice®
57±8
250
14
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
394
Porridge (Hubbards, New Zealand)
58±9
250
12
395
Porridge (Australia)
58±4
250
12
396
Porridge (Value, UK)
63±15
250
19
397
Porridge, organic (UK)
63±11
250
18
398
Porridge, Scottish (UK)
63±7
250
20
mean of thirteen studies
55±2
250
13
399
Multi grain instant oatmeal, Regular and Cinnamon
55±7
250
14
& Spice, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
400
Multigrain porridge, containing rolled oats, wheat,
55±2
250
19
triticale, rye, barley and rice, cooked with water
(The Monster Muesli Company, Beecroft, Australia)
401
Wholemeal oat flour porridge (flour:water = 1:3),
74
50 (dry)
24
boiled 2.5 min (Sweden)
402
Oat porridge made from thick (1.0 mm)
55
250
15
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
403
Oat porridge made from 0.5-0.6 mm thick flakes,
76±7
250
19
cooked for 10min (Elovena; Raisio Group Ltd,
Raisio, Finland)
404
Oat porridge made from roasted thin (0.5 mm)
69
250
19
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
405
Oat porridge made from roasted thick (1.0 mm)
50
250
14
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
406
Oat porridge made from roasted and steamed thin
80
250
22
(0.5 mm) dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
407
Oat porridge made from steamed thick (1.0 mm)
53
250
14
dehulled oat flakes (Sweden)
Instant Porridge
408
Instant porridge (China)
69±3
250
14
409
Instant oat porridge, cooked in microwave
82±10
250
20
with water (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
410
Instant oatmeal porridge, made from packet (China)
83±7
250
18
411
Instant oat cereal porridge prepared with water (UK)
83±10
250
30
mean of four studies
79±3
250
21
412
Pop TartsTM, Double Chocolate (Kellogg's, Australia)
70±2
50
25
413
Puffed Wheat (Sanitarium, Australia)
80±11
30
17
414
Raisin BranTM (Kellogg's, USA)
61±5
30
12
415
Rice Bran, extruded (Rice Growers Co-Operative Ltd,
19±3
30
3
Leeton, Australia)
Rice Bubbles
416
Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)17
81
30
21
417
Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
85±3
30
22
418
Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
92±8
30
24
419
Rice BubblesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
95
30
25
mean of four studies
88±3
30
23
420
Shredded Wheat (Canada)
67±10
30
13
421
Soy Crunch Multi-Grain Cereal, President's Choice®
47±4
30
9
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Special KTM - formulation of this cereal
varies in different countries
422
Special KTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
54±4
30
11
423
Special KTM (Kellogg's, USA)
69±5
30
14
424
Special KTM, made from rice (Kellogg's, France)
84±12
30
20
425
Soy TastyTM (flaked grains, soy nuts, dried fruit)
60±5
30
12
(Sanitarium, Australia)
426
SoytanaTM, Vogel's, soy and linseed bran crunch
49±3
45
12
with sultanas (20.1 g fiber per 100 g),
(Specialty Cereals, Mt Kuring-gai, NSW, Australia)
427
Sultana BranTM (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007)
64±3
30
12
428
Sultana BranTM (Kellogg's, Australia) (1997)
73±13
30
14
429
SustainTM, Original (Kellogg's, Australia) (2007)
55±5
30
12
430
Ultra-branTM, Vogel's, soy and linseed extruded
41±4
30
5
wheat bran cereal (30.2 g fiber per 100 g)
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
431
Vogel's Cluster Crunch Classic (Specialty Cereals,
50±6
30
10
Australia)
432
Vogel's Cluster Crunch, Honey Hazelnut
43±3
30
8
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
433
Wild Oats Cluster Crunch Hazelnut Chocolate
43±6
30
8
(Specialty Cereals, Australia)
434
Wheat-bitesTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
72±11
30
18
Wheat biscuits (plain flaked wheat)
435
Vita-BritsTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)17
61
30
12
436
Vita-BritsTM (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
68±6
30
13
437
Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia)
69
30
12
438
Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia)
69±4
30
12
439
WeetabixTM (Weetabix of Canada Ltd.)
75±10
30
16
440
Whole wheat GoldiesTM (Kellogg's, Australia)
70±4
30
14
441
Wheat based cereal biscuit (UK)
72±10
30
14
mean of seven studies
69±2
30
13
Wheat biscuits (flaked wheat) with
additional ingredients
442
Good StartTM, muesli wheat biscuits
68±4
30
14
(Sanitarium, Australia)
443
Hi-Bran Weet-BixTM, wheat biscuits with extra
61±4
30
10
wheat bran (Sanitarium, Australia)
444
Hi-Bran Weet-BixTM with soy and linseed
57±3
30
9
(Sanitarium, Australia)
445
Honey GoldiesTM (Kellogg's Australia)
72±3
30
15
446
Lite-BixTM, plain, no added sugar
70±3
30
14
(Sanitarium, Australia)
447
Oat bran Weet-BixTM (Sanitarium, Australia)
57±4
30
11
448
Sultana GoldiesTM (Kellogg's Australia)
65±6
30
13
BREAKFAST CEREALS WITH MILK
449
Branflakes (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk
76±5
30
15
450
Cereal flakes with fruit (30 g), consumed with 125 mL
57±8
155
16
skim milk (UK)
451
Cocoa Crunch cereal (30 g) with 125 mL skim milk (UK)
58±11
155
16
452
Cornflakes (Sainsbury's, UK) (30 g), consumed with
65±5
30
16
125 mL skim milk
453
Honey Crunch cereal (30 g), consumed with
54±6
155
16
125 mL skim milk (UK)
Hot oat cereal, prepared with 125 mL skim milk
454
Hot oat cereal (30 g), berry flavor (UK)
43±6
155
11
455
Hot oat cereal (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK)
40±5
155
9
456
Hot oat cereal (30 g), fruit flavor (UK)
47±8
155
12
457
Hot oat cereal (30 g), honey flavor (UK)
47±6
155
12
458
Hot oat cereal (30 g), orchard fruit flavor (UK)
50±7
155
12
459
Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK)
47±6
155
11
460
Hot oat cereal (30 g) (UK)
40±9
155
9
mean of seven foods
45±1
155
11
461
Muesli, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
39±6
30
7
with 1.5% fat milk
462
Muesli, Original (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed
60±6
30
11
with semi-skimmed milk
463
Muesli, Swiss (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed with
60±6
30
12
semi-skimmed milk
464
Muesli, Wheat free (Pertwee Farm's, UK), consumed
49±7
30
9
with semi-skimmed milk
465
Porridge, jumbo oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed
40±6
250
9
with semi-skimmed milk
466
Porridge, small oats (Sainsbury's, UK), consumed
61±6
250
14
with semi-skimmed milk
467
PreciseTM (Sainsbury's, UK), with semi-skimmed milk
59±4
30
14
468
Rice PopsTM (Sainsbury's, UK),
80±6
30
20
with semi-skimmed milk
Wheat biscuits consumed with 125 mL skim milk
469
Cereal biscuit (30 g), cocoa flavor (UK)
46±7
155
12
470
Cereal biscuit (30 g), fruit flavor (UK)
56±7
155
15
471
Cereal biscuit (30 g), honey flavor (UK)
52±7
155
14
472
Cereal biscuit (30 g), wheat based (UK)
47±8
155
12
mean of four foods
50±2
155
13
BREAKFAST CEREAL BARS
473
Cereal bar, cranberry flavor (UK)
42±5
30
6
474
Cereal bar, hazelnut flavor (UK)
33±6
30
4
475
Cereal bar, orange flavor (UK)
33±3
30
5
476
Crunchy Nut CornflakesTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)
72±6
30
19
477
Fiber PlusTM bar (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
78±9
30
18
478
Fruity-BixTM bar, wheat biscuit cereal with dried fruit
56±4
30
11
and nuts with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
479
Fruity-BixTM bar, wild berry, wheat biscuit cereal and
51±4
30
9
covered with yoghurt coating (Sanitarium, Australia)
480
Hi-LiteTM breakfast bar (Freedom Foods, Australia)
53±3
30
11
481
K-Time Just RightTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)
72±4
30
17
482
K-Time Strawberry CrunchTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)
77±5
30
19
483
Muesli breakfast bar, gluten-free
50±6
30
9
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
484
Omega bar, containing linseeds, sunflower kernels
21±2
30
3
and nuts, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
485
Rice Bubble TreatTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)
63±11
30
15
486
SustainTM bar (Kellogg's, Australia)
57±10
30
14
CEREAL GRAINS
Barley
487
Barley kernels, high-amylose (hull-less) boiled in
20
150
8
water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
488
Barley kernels, waxy (hull-less), boiled in water
22
150
9
for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2.5) (Sweden)
489
Barley kernels, boiled in water for 25 min
25
150
10
(kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
490
Barley kernels, high-amylose (covered), boiled in
26
150
11
water for 25 min (kernel:water = 1:2) (Sweden)
491
Barley, pot, boiled in salted water 20 min
25±2
150
11
(Goudas Food Products, Concord, Canada)
492
Barley, pearled, boiled 60 min (UK)
35±4
150
15
493
Barley, pot, boiled (Goudas Food Products, Canada)
35±4
150
15
494
Barley, pot, boiled 20 min (Goudas Food
37
150
16
Products, Canada)
mean of eight studies
28±2
150
12
495
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)
48
150
20
496
Barley, rolled (Australia)
66±5
50 (dry)
25
497
Buckwheat groats, hydrothermally treated,
45
150
13
dehusked, boiled 12 min (Sweden)
Corn/Maize
498
Corn granules (China)
52±3
150
15
499
Maize (Zea Mays), flour made into chapatti (India)
59
30
8
500
Cornmeal porridge (China)
68±3
150
9
Sweet corn
501
Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)
37±12
150
11
502
Sweet corn, on the cob, boiled 20 min (Australia)
48
150
14
503
Sweet corn (China)
55±2
150
18
504
Sweet corn (USA)11
60
150
20
505
Sweet corn (South Africa)
62±5
150
20
mean of five studies
52±5
150
17
Couscous
506
Couscous, rehydrated with hot water
65±7
150
9
(San Remo, Australia)
Millet
507
Millet porridge (China)
62±3
150
22
508
Quinoa, cooked, refridgerated, reheated in microwave
53±5
150
13
for 1.5 min (Nature First Organic, Australia)
Rice, white
509
Arborio, risotto rice, boiled (SunRice brand,
69±7
150
36
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Rice, boiled white, type NS
510
Type NS (India)9
43
150
16
511
Type NS (Canada)
72±9
150
30
512
Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)
72
150
27
513
Type NS (China)
83±1
150
30
514
Type NS, boiled 13 min (Italy)9,18
89
150
43
mean of five studies
72±8
150
29
515
Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated 16-20 h,
53
150
20
reheated (India)
516
Type NS, boiled 13 min, then baked 10 min (Italy)9,18
94
150
45
Long grain, boiled
517
Long grain, white, unconverted, boiled 15 min
50
150
21
(Mahatma brand, Riviana Foods,
Wetherill Park, Australia )
518
Long grain, white (Uncle Bens, Auckland,
56±7
150
24
New Zealand)
519
Premium long grain, white (SunRice brand,
59±7
150
24
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
520
Long grain, white, boiled 7 min (Star brand,
64±3
150
26
Gouda Food Products, Canada)
521
Long grain, boiled (Star Brand, Goudas Food
69±3
150
28
Products, Canada)
mean of five studies
60±3
150
25
Rice, long grain, quick-cooking varieties
522
Long grain, parboiled 10 min cooking time
68±6
150
25
(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
523
Long grain, parboiled, 20 min cooking time
75±7
150
28
(Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, Belgium)
524
Long grain, white, pre-cooked, microwaved 2 min
52±5
150
19
(Express Rice, plain, Uncle Ben's, Masterfoods, UK)
525
Long Grain White Rice in 90 Seconds, microwaved
76±7
150
44
(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
526
Medium grain white rice, boiled 12 mins
75±8
150
29
Sun Rice brand, Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Rice porridge/Congee
527
Rice porridge (China)
69±6
150
23
528
Rice porridge (Australia)
88±5
150
13
529
Rice porridge, made from rice bran (China)
19±1
150
3
530
Rice porridge, made from black rice (China)
42±3
150
14
531
Rice porridge, made from Sticky rice (China)
65±7
150
21
Rice, specialty rices
532
American, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK)
49±12
150
22
533
Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker
86±10
150
37
(Lion Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
534
Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain
48±5
150
20
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
535
Brown & Wild, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain
45±5
150
18
MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
536
Chicken Flavored Brown Rice, Uncle Ben's® Ready
46±4
150
18
Whole Grain (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
537
Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker
98±7
150
31
(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Mill, Bangkok, Thailand)
Jasmine rice, white
538
Jasmine Fragrant rice, white (SunRice brand,
89±4
150
37
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
539
Jasmine rice, white long grain, cooked in rice cooker
109±10
150
46
(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
540
Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice
49±3
150
21
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
541
Moolgiri white rice (Tajmahal Agro Industries, India)
54
150
17
542
Original Long Grain, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice
48±5
150
22
(pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
543
Red Raw rice, Sri Lankan, cooked in rice cooker
59±4
100 (dry)
46
(Australia)
544
Roasted Chicken Flavored, Uncle Ben's® Ready
51±4
150
21
Rice (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
545
Santa Fe, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole Grain
48±6
150
18
MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
546
Spanish Style, Uncle Ben's® Ready Rice (pouch)
51±4
150
22
(Effem Foods, USA)
547
Vegetable Harvest, Uncle Ben's® Ready Whole
48±5
150
17
Grain MedleyTM (pouch) (Effem Foods, USA)
Rice, white low-amylose
548
Calrose, white, medium grain, boiled (Rice Growers
83±13
150
36
Co-op., Australia)
549
Sungold, Pelde, parboiled (Rice Growers Co-op.,
87±7
150
37
Australia)
550
Waxy (0-2% amylose) (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)
88±11
150
38
551
Pelde, white (Rice Growers Co-op., Australia)
93±11
150
40
Rice, white high-amylose
Doongara, white (SunRice CleverRiceTM brand,
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
552
Doongara, white, cooked in rice cooker (2007)
48±4
150
19
553
Doongara, white (1995)
50±6
150
20
554
Doongara, white (2005)
54±6
150
21
555
Doongara, white (1995)
54±7
150
21
556
Doongara, white (1992)
64±9
150
25
mean of five studies
54±3
150
21
Basmati, white, boiled
557
Basmati, white, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK)
43±8
150
18
558
Basmati, white, boiled 12 min (Value, UK)
52±11
150
15
559
Basmati, white, organic, boiled 10 min (UK)
57±10
150
23
560
Basmati, white, boiled (Mahatma brand, Australia)
58±8
150
22
561
Basmati, white, boiled (SunRice brand,
65±7
150
25
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
562
Basmati, white, boiled 8 min (UK)
69±6
150
28
mean of six studies
57±4
150
22
Basmati, white, quick cooking
563
Basmati, easy cook, boiled 9 min (UK)
67±11
150
28
564
Basmati, easy-cook rice (Sainsbury's, UK)
68±8
150
28
565
Precooked basmati rice in pouch, white, reheated in
57±4
150
24
microwave, Uncle Ben's Express® (Masterfoods, UK)
566
Quick cooking white basmati, cooked 10 min,
60±5
150
23
Uncle Ben's® Superior (Masterfoods, Belgium)
567
Japanese Style Sushi rice, white (SunRice brand,
85±10
150
33
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Japonica/Koshihikari rice
568
Japonica, short-grain brown rice (Japan)
62±5
150
26
569
Japonica short-grain brown rice,
54±5
150
22
pre-germinated (Japan)
570
Japonica short-grain brown rice,
57±3
150
23
pre-germinated (Japan)
571
Koshikari (Japonica), white, short-grain,
48±8
150
18
boiled 15 min, then steamed 10 min (Japan)
572
Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan)
76±7
150
35
573
Japonica, short-grain white rice (Japan)
75±6
150
34
574
Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica
64±5
150
27
brown rice (ratio 1:2)
575
Japonica white rice and pre-germinated Japonica
67±3
150
30
brown rice (ratio 2:1)
576
Koshihikari rice, white (SunRice brand,
73±7
150
28
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
577
Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
68±6
150
27
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
578
Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
66±6
150
26
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
Milled, white, high amylose rice
579
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
66
150
28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
580
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
64
150
28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
581
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
64
150
28
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
582
Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice,
43
150
18
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
583
Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice,
50
150
22
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
584
Milled (white), high amylose (IR62) rice,
53
150
23
cooked in rice cooker 20 min (Philippines)
585
Milled (white), high amylose (IR36) rice,
55
150
24
cooked in rice cooker 19 min (Philippines)
586
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
58
150
25
cooked in rice cooker 14 min (Philippines)
Rice, brown
587
Brown (Canada)
66±5
150
21
588
Brown, steamed (USA)11,14
50
150
16
589
Brown rice, boiled in excess water for 25 mins
72±6
150
29
(SunRice brand, Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
590
Brown rice (China)
87±2
150
29
591
Calrose brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
87±8
150
33
592
Doongara brown, high amylose
66±7
150
24
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
593
Medium Grain Brown Rice in 90 seconds,
59±8
150
30
microwaved on high (SunRice brand,
Rice Growers Co-Op., Australia)
594
Pelde brown (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
76±6
150
29
595
Parboiled, cooked 20 min, Uncle Ben's Natur-reis®
64±7
150
23
(Masterfoods, Belgium)
596
Sunbrown QuickTM (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
80±7
150
31
Rice, brown, high-amlyose
597
Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min
58
150
24
(Philippines)
Instant/puffed rice
598
Instant rice, white, cooked 3 min (China)
46±3
150
19
599
Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min
87±7
150
36
(Trice brand, Australia)
600
Instant rice, white, cooked 6 min (China)
87±2
150
37
601
Puffed, white, cooked 5 min, Uncle Ben's Snabbris®
74±5
150
31
(Masterfoods, Belgium)
mean of four studies
74±10
150
31
602
Instant Doongara, white, cooked 5 min
94±7
150
39
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
Parboiled rice
603
Converted, white, boiled 20-30 min, Uncle Ben's®
38
150
14
(Masterfoods, USA)
604
Parboiled, low-amylose, Pelde, Sungold
87±7
150
34
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
605
Parboiled, high-amylose (28%), Doongara
50±6
150
19
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
Sticky rice
606
Rice, Sticky (China)
87±2
150
24
607
Rice, Sticky (China)
88±2
150
25
608
Rice, Sticky, high-amylose (China)
50±2
150
14
Wheat
Wheat, whole kernels
609
Wheat, whole kernels (Triticum aestivum)(India)14
30±9
50 (dry)
11
Wheat, precooked kernels
610
Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 20 min
52±4
50 (dry)
19
(Ebly, Chateaudun, France)
611
Durum wheat, precooked, cooked 10 min (Ebly, France)
50±5
50 (dry)
17
612
Durum wheat, precooked in pouch,
40±5
125
16
reheated in microwave, Ebly Express (Ebly, France)
613
Quick cooking (White Wings, Sydney, Australia)
54±11
150
25
COOKIES
614
Apricot Temptation fruit cookies, 97% fat-free
47±4
25
8
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
615
Milk ArrowrootTM (Arnotts, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
69±7
25
12
616
Barquette Abricot (LU, Ris, Orangis, France)
71±6
40
23
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (LU, Czech Republic)
617
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2002)
46±4
50
16
618
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate (2006)
46±3
50
16
619
Bebe Dobre Rano Chocolate
57±9
50
19
(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
mean of three studies
50
50
17
620
Bebe Dobre Rano Coconut (LU, Czech Republic)
48±3
50
16
621
Bebe Dobre Rano Four Cereals (LU, Czech Republic)
51±4
50
17
622
Bebe Dobre Rano Honey and Hazelnuts
51±9
50
17
(Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts & Honey (LU, Czech Republic)
623
Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2002)
41±5
50
14
624
Bebe Dobre Rano Nuts and Honey (2006)
45±4
50
15
625
Bebe Dobre Rano with Milk (LU, Czech Republic)
50±4
50
18
626
Bebe Jemne Susenky (Opavia/LU, Czech Republic)
67±11
25
14
627
Better Choice Multicereals (LU, Denmark)
51±4
50
17
628
Better Choice Wholegrain (LU Denmark)
46±3
50
16
629
Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour
43
25
7
(Philippines)
Digestives
630
Digestives (UK)
39±5
25
6
631
Digestives (Canada)
59±7
25
9
632
Evergreen met Krenten (LU, Netherlands)
66±12
38
14
633
Gran'Dia Banana, Oats and Honey (LU, Brazil)
28±5
30
6
634
Gran'Dia Chocolate with five cereals (Danone, Brazil)
39±8
30
8
635
Grany en-cas Abricot (LU, France)
55±6
30
9
636
Grany en-cas Fruits des bois (LU, France)
50±5
30
7
637
Grany Rush Apricot (LU, Netherlands)
62±3
30
12
Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel /
Fruits and Muesli (LU, Hungary)
638
Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2002)
45±5
50
16
639
Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2003)
49±5
50
18
640
Györi édes Jó reggelt! Müzlivel és gyümölccsel (2004)
47±6
50
17
mean of three studies
47
50
17
641
Highland OatmealTM (Westons Biscuits, Australia)
55±8
25
10
642
Jo Reggelt Fruits and Figs (LU, Hungary)
41±6
50
14
643
Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2002)
44±3
50
15
644
Jubilee Nuts and Honey (LU, Russia) (2003)
45±4
50
15
Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (LU Finland)
645
Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2002)
45±5
50
16
646
Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2003)
49±5
50
18
647
Jyväshyvä Paussi Mysli and Fruits (2004)
47±6
50
17
mean of three studies
47
50
17
648
Jyväshyvä Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2004)
55±7
50
19
649
Jyväshyvä Paussi Vanilla (LU Finland) (2006)
39±4
50
13
650
Jyväshyvä Paussi Wholegrain (LU Finland)
46±3
50
16
651
Leda Luxury gluten-free chocolate coated cookies
35±7
25
4
(Leda Nutrition, QLD, Australia)
652
LU P'tit Déjeuner Chocolat (LU, France)
42±5
50
14
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat
(LU, France)
653
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat
45±5
50
16
654
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat
49±8
50
18
655
LU P'tit Déjeuner Miel et Pépites Chocolat
52±3
50
18
mean of three studies
49
50
17
656
LU Petit Déjeuner, Chocolate, low in sugar (LU France)
51±7
50
18
LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (LU, France)
657
LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2003)
46±6
50
16
658
LU Petit Déjeuner Chocolate & Cereals (2006)
58±6
50
20
659
LU Petit Déjeuner Cereals & Chocolate Chips, low in
37±5
50
13
sugar (LU France, LU Belgium, LU Czech Republic)
LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate
(LU, France)
660
LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2005)
55±6
50
19
661
LU Petit Déjeuner Coconut, nuts and chocolate (2006)
51±7
50
17
LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (LU France)
662
LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2002)
45±5
50
16
663
LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2003)
49±5
50
18
664
LU Petit Déjeuner Fruits and Muesli (2004)
47±6
50
17
mean of three studies
47
50
17
LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips
(LU France)
665
LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2003)
47±6
50
17
666
LU Petit Déjeuner Honey & Chocolate chips (2006)
46±4
50
16
LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals
(LU France and LU Belgium)
667
LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals (2004)
55±7
50
19
668
LU Petit Déjeuner Milk and Cereals (2006)
39±4
50
13
669
LU Petit Déjeuner Multicereals (LU France, LU Belgium)
46±3
50
16
670
LU Petit Déjeuner with Fruits and Figs
41±6
50
14
(LU France, LU Belgium)
671
LU Petit Déjeuner with Prunes (LU, France)
51±6
50
17
672
Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)
32
30
6
673
Maltmeal wafer (Griffin's Foods Ltd., New Zealand)
50±10
25
9
674
Morning CoffeeTM (Arnotts, Australia)
79±6
25
15
675
Nutrigrain Fruits des bois (Kellogg's, France)
57±4
35
13
676
Oat biscuit (UK)
45±7
25
7
677
Oat biscuit (China)
55±1
25
9
678
Oat biscuit, Nairn'sTM Stem Ginger Oat Biscuit
55
25
9
(Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Edinburgh, Scotland)
679
Oatmeal (Canada)
54±4
25
9
680
Oro (Saiwa, Italy)
61±9
40
21
Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (LU Poland)
681
Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2002)
45±5
50
16
682
Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2003)
49±5
50
18
683
Petiki Go ! Fruits and Muesli (2004)
47±6
50
17
mean of three studies
47
50
17
684
Petit brun extra (LU, France)
77±12
25
15
685
Petit LU Normand (LU, France)
51±3
25
10
686
Petit LU Roussillon (LU, France)
48±4
25
9
687
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Cranberry
60±4
25
10
Orange Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
688
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Crunchy
62±7
25
10
Oat Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
689
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Ginger &
64±5
25
11
Lemon Cookies (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
690
Prince Energie+ (LU, France)
73±5
25
13
691
Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France)
50±5
45
15
692
Prince fourre chocolat (LU, France)
53±5
45
16
693
Prince gout chocolat (LU, France)
53±5
45
17
694
Prince Meganana Chocolate (LU, Spain)
49±12
50
18
695
Prince Petit Dej Cereals (LU, France)
52±7
50
18
696
Prince Petit Dej Cereals and Chocolate (LU, France)
51±5
50
18
697
Prince Petit Déjeuner Vanille (LU, France and Spain)
45±6
50
16
698
Principe megamanana vanilla (LU, Spain)
45±6
50
16
699
Rich Tea (UK)
40±5
25
7
700
Rich Tea (Canada)
55±4
25
10
701
Sable des Flandres (LU, France)
57±10
20
8
702
Shortbread (Arnotts, Australia)
64±8
25
10
703
Shredded WheatmealTM (Arnotts, Australia)
62±4
25
11
704
Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Apple and blackberry
43±3
35
11
(Arnotts, Australia)
705
Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Spicy apple and sultana
45±3
35
11
(Arnotts, Australia)
706
Snack Right Fruit Pillow, Wild berry (Arnott's, Australia)
52±3
35
13
707
Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mango and passionfruit
49±3
35
13
(Arnott's, Australia)
708
Snack Right Fruit Slice, Mixed berry (Arnott's, Australia)
50±3
35
13
709
Snack Right Fruit Slice, Original Sultana (97% fat-free)
48±2
35
12
(Arnott's, Australia)
710
Snack Right Fruit Slice, Sultana with chocolate
45±3
35
11
(Arnott's, Australia)
711
The (LU, France)
41±7
25
8
712
Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France)
51±8
25
10
713
Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2002)
54±5
25
10
714
Veritable Petit Beurre (LU, France) (2006)
54±6
25
10
715
Vitasnella frollini (Saiwa, Italy)
59±10
25
12
CRACKERS
716
Choice grain crackers (UK)
49±7
25
8
717
Corn Thins, puffed corn cakes, gluten-free
87±10
25
18
(Real Foods, St Peters, Australia)
718
Cream Cracker (LU Triumfo, Brazil)
65±11
25
11
719
High-calcium cracker (Danone, Malaysia)
52±8
25
9
720
JatzTM, plain salted craker biscuits (Arnotts, Australia)
55±5
25
10
721
Lees Cabin Crackers (Fiji)
60±5
25
11
722
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Ancient Grains
65±6
25
10
snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
723
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Wheat & Onion
60±6
25
10
snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
724
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Wheat & Sesame
56±7
25
9
snack crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
725
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Wheat snack
65±7
25
11
crackers (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
726
Puffed Crispbread (Westons, Australia)
81±9
25
15
Puffed rice cakes
727
Puffed rice cakes, white (Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
82±11
25
17
728
Rice cake (China)
82±3
25
17
729
Rice cakes, Calrose rice (low-amylose)
91±7
25
19
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
730
Rice cakes, Doongara rice (high-amylose)
61±5
25
13
(Rice Growers Co-op, Australia)
731
Puffed rice cakes, caramel flavored (USA)
82±10
25
18
732
Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)
91
30
23
733
Rye crackers with oats (UK)
64±11
25
10
734
Rye crackers with sesame (UK)
57±12
25
9
735
Ryvita® (Canada)
69±10
25
11
736
Ryvita® Pumpkin Seeds & Oats
46±7
25
6
(George Weston Foods, North Ryde, Australia)
737
Ryvita® Sunflower Seeds & Oats
48±8
25
7
(George Weston Foods, Australia)
738
KavliTM Norwegian Crispbread
71±7
25
12
(Players Biscuits, Sydney, Australia)
739
SaoTM, plain square crackers (Arnotts, Australia)
70±9
25
12
Water cracker
740
Water cracker (Canada)
63±9
25
11
741
Water cracker (Arnotts, Australia)
78±11
25
14
742
Wholegrain crackers with sesame seeds and
53±8
25
8
rosemary (UK)
743
Wholewheat crackers with pumpkin and thyme (UK)
36±3
25
6
744
Wholewheat sticks, crunchy, yeast extract
50±8
25
7
flavored (UK)
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Custard
745
Custard, low-fat, vanilla flavored (Nestlé, Australia)
29±4
100
3
746
No Bake Egg Custard, prepared from powder
35±2
100
6
with whole milk (Nestlé, Australia)
747
Custard, home made from milk, wheat starch,
43±10
100
7
and sugar (Australia)
748
TRIMTM, reduced-fat custard (Pauls Ltd,
37±4
100
6
Brisbane, Australia)
mean of four studies
36±3
100
5
749
Custard, low-fat, trifle flavored (Nestlé, Australia)
30±3
100
2
Creme Fraiche
750
Creme fraiche dessert, peach (Finest, UK)8
28±8
150
7
751
Creme fraiche dessert, raspberry (Finest, UK)8
30±7
150
5
Fromage Frais
752
Fromage Frais, red fruit: blackcurrant8
22±5
100
2
(Healthy Living, UK)
753
Fromage Frais, red fruit: raspberry8
31±8
100
2
(Healthy Living, UK)
754
Fromage Frais, red fruit: red cherry8
25±6
100
2
(Healthy Living, UK)
755
Fromage Frais, red fruit: strawberry8
29±9
100
2
(Healthy Living, UK)
756
Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mandarin and orange8
19±6
100
1
(Healthy Living, UK)
757
Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: mango and papaya8
25±7
100
2
(Healthy Living, UK)
758
Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: passionfruit and pineapple8
18±5
100
1
(Healthy Living, UK)
759
Fromage Frais, yellow fruit: peach and apricot8
22±5
100
1
(Healthy Living, UK)
760
Fruche®, low-fat, apricot vanilla honey
34±5
150
8
(National Foods Ltd, Melbourne, Australia)
761
Fruche®, low-fat, berry compote
37±6
150
8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
762
Fruche®, low-fat, duet peach on pineapple
34±5
150
8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
763
Fruche®, low-fat, lemon sorbetto
34±3
150
7
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
764
Fruche®, low-fat, orange sorbetto
34±3
150
7
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
765
Fruche®, low-fat, peach roulade
37±6
150
8
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
766
Fruche® on Fruit, low-fat, toffee apple
47±6
150
16
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
767
Ice cream, low carbohydrate, chocolate (Australia)7
32±7
50
1
768
Ice fruit confection, Frosty Fruits® Orange
59±4
50
7
Mango Splits (Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
Ice cream, Regular/type NS
769
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)24
57
50
6
Ice cream, Reduced- or Low-fat
770
ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice cream
24±6
50
3
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
771
Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Creamy vanilla
36±5
50
7
(Regal Cream Products, VIC, Australia)
772
Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy chocolate
27±3
50
3
(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
773
Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy English
27±3
50
3
toffee (Regal Cream Products, Australia)
774
Ice cream, low-fat, Bulla Light Real Dairy mango
30±4
50
4
(Regal Cream Products, Australia)
775
Ice cream, low-fat, vanilla, 'Light'
46
50
7
(Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
776
Ice cream, low-fat, Light & Creamy, Raspberry Ripple
55±3
50
9
(Nestlé Peter's, Australia)
777
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.2 % fat), Light Prestige8
47±5
50
5
rich vanilla (Norco, Australia)
778
Ice-cream, low-fat (1.4% fat), Light Prestige8
37±4
50
5
traditional toffee (Norco, Australia)
779
Ice-cream, reduced-fat (7.1 % fat), Prestige8
37±3
50
4
golden macadamia (Norco, Australia)
Ice cream, Premium (high-fat)
780
Ice cream, premium, Ultra chocolate, 15% fat
37±3
50
4
(Sara Lee, Gosford, NSW, Australia)
781
Ice cream, premium, French vanilla, 16% fat
38±3
50
3
(Sara Lee, Australia)
782
Milk, condensed, sweetened (Nestlé, Australia)
61±6
100
33
Milk, full-fat
783
Full-fat (Italy)24
11
250 mL
1
784
Full-fat (3% fat, Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)8
21
250 mL
3
785
Full-fat (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Sydney, Australia)25
31±2
250 mL
4
786
Full-fat (Canada)
34±6
250 mL
4
787
Full-fat, pasteurised, fresh, organic (Arla, UK)8
34±6
250 mL
4
788
Full-fat (USA)8
41±2
250 mL
5
789
Full-fat, standardised homogenised, pasteurised,
46±10
250 mL
5
British (Dairycrest, UK)8
mean of seven studies
31±4
250 mL
4
790
Fermented cow's milk (ropy milk, langfil, 3% fat)
11
-
-
(Arla, Gavle, Sweden)8
791
Fermented cow's milk (filmjolk, 3% fat)
11
-
-
(Skanemejerier, Malmo, Sweden)8
792
Full-fat milk + 20g wheat bran (Italy)24
28
250 mL
3
Milk, full-fat, flavored
793
Banana, honey and malt flavored milk (Australia)
31±4
250 mL
8
794
Masters® mocha milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
32±4
250 mL
9
Milk, reduced-fat
795
Milk, reduced fat (1.4%) (Lite WhiteTM,
30±6
250 mL
4
Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
796
Milk, semi-skimmed, British (Dairycrest, UK)8
25±6
250 mL
3
797
Milk, semi-skimmed, pasteurised, organic (Arla, UK)8
34±8
250 mL
4
mean of three studies
30
250 mL
4
798
Milk, reduced fat with added omega 3
23±3
250 mL
3
(Take CareTM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
799
Milk, reduced fat (98% fat free) with added omega 3
27±6
250 mL
4
(Farmers BestTM, Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
Milk, reduced- or low-fat, flavored
800
Big MTM flavored milk, chocolate or strawberry
37±4
250 mL
9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
801
Masters® Light, 99% fat free chocolate or mocha milk
27±5
250 mL
6
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
802
Masters®, reduced fat, chocolate or strawberry milk
35±5
250 mL
9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
803
Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with aspartame, Lite WhiteTM
24±6
250 mL
3
(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
804
Milk, low-fat, chocolate, with sugar, Lite WhiteTM
34±4
250 mL
9
(Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
Rush® flavored milk (Parmalat Australia Ltd,
South Brisbane, Australia)
805
Rush® Heavenly Vanilla Malt milk
31±4
250 mL
7
806
Rush® Intense Coffee milk
24±3
250 mL
5
807
Rush® Ultimate Chocolate milk
26±5
250 mL
5
808
Rush® Wicked Latte milk
26±3
250 mL
5
Milk, skim/low-fat
809
PuraTM HiLo milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
20±5
250 mL
3
810
PuraTM Skimmer milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
20±5
250 mL
3
811
Milk, skim, made from powder (Arla Foods, Sweden)8,9
27
250 mL
3
812
PuraTM Light Start milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
30±5
250 mL
4
813
PuraTM Tone milk (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
30±5
250 mL
5
814
Milk, skim (Canada)
32±5
250 mL
4
815
Milk, skim (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
32±6
250 mL
4
816
Milk, skim (USA)
32
250 mL
4
817
Milk, skim (USA)8
37±3
250 mL
5
818
Milk, skimmed, pasteurised, British (Dairycrest, UK)8
48±15
250 mL
6
819
ShapeTM milk, fat free (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)25
34±3
250 mL
6
mean of eleven studies
31±2
250 mL
4
820
Milkshake, made from ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate
21±4
250 mL
6
ice cream, skim milk and malted milk powder
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
Mousse, prepared
821
Nestlé Combo mousse (Nestlé, Australia)
42±5
70
5
822
Nestlé Milo flavored mousse (Nestlé, Australia)
46±3
70
6
Mousse, reduced-fat, prepared from
commerical mousse mix with water
823
Butterscotch, 1.9% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
36±4
50
4
824
Chocolate, 2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
31±4
50
3
825
Citrus (Nestlé, Australia)
47±5
50
14
826
Hazelnut, 2.4% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
36±4
50
4
827
Mango, 1.8% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
33±5
50
4
828
Mixed berry, 2.2% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
36±5
50
4
829
Strawberry, 2.3% fat (Nestlé, Australia)
32±3
50
3
mean of seven foods
36±2
50
4
Pudding, instant (White Wings, Australia)
830
Chocolate, made from powder and whole milk
47±4
100
7
831
Vanilla, made from powder and whole milk
40±4
100
6
Pudding, made from dairy and rice, YoplaitTM
Le Rice® (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
832
Le Rice®, Apple & Cinnamon flavor
52±4
180
20
833
Le Rice®, Apricot & Almond Muesli flavor
45±4
180
18
834
Le Rice®, Caramel flavor
41±6
180
16
835
Le Rice®, Forest Berries flavor
45±4
180
16
836
Le Rice®, Raspberry & Apple flavor
52±4
180
20
837
Le Rice®, Strawberry flavor
54±6
180
21
838
Le Rice®, Tropical Mango flavor
54±6
180
20
839
Le Rice®, Vanilla flavor
43±4
180
16
mean of eight foods
48±2
180
18
Yoghurt
840
Jalna Bush Honey Bio Dynamic yoghurt
26±3
200
3
(Jalna Dairy Foods, VIC, Australia)25
841
Jalna Premium Vanilla Creamy yoghurt
18±4
200
3
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
842
Yoghurt, black cherry (Finest, UK)8
17±3
200
2
843
Yoghurt, black cherry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8
67±15
200
8
844
Yoghurt, bourbon vanilla (Finest, UK)8
64±14
200
20
845
Yoghurt, champagne rhubarb (Finest, UK)8
49±12
200
19
846
Yoghurt, Devonshire fudge (Finest, UK)8
37±7
200
13
847
Yoghurt, Greek style, honey topped (UK)8
36±7
200
12
848
Yoghurt, lemon curd (Finest, UK)8
67±14
200
30
849
Yoghurt, orange blossom (Finest, UK)8
42±11
200
17
850
Yoghurt, peach & apricot (Healthy Living Light, UK)8
28±6
200
5
851
Yoghurt, peach melba (Value, UK)8
57±5
200
18
852
Yoghurt, raspberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8
43±8
200
7
853
Yoghurt, red fruit: Morello cherry8
35±6
200
4
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
854
Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and black cherry
37±8
200
5
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
855
Yoghurt, red fruit: raspberry and cranberry
42±12
200
11
(Healthy Living Light, UK)8
856
Yoghurt, Scottish raspberry (Finest, UK)8
32±7
200
13
857
Yoghurt, strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)8
30±6
200
5
858
Yoghurt, strawberry and cream (Finest, UK)8
41±6
200
16
859
Yoghurt, summer fruit: apricot8
11±4
200
1
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
860
Yoghurt, summer fruit: peach and vanilla8
26±7
200
3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
861
Yoghurt, summer fruit: raspberry8
28±5
200
3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
862
Yoghurt, summer fruit: strawberry8
36±9
200
5
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
863
Yoghurt, toffee (Healthy Living Light, UK)8
41±11
200
7
864
Yoghurt, tropical fruit: guava and passionfruit8
24±7
200
3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
865
Yoghurt, tropical fruit: mango8
32±8
200
4
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
866
Yoghurt, tropical fruit: peach and apricot8
27±6
200
3
(Healthy Living Light, UK)
867
Yoghurt, tropical pineapple8 (Healthy Living Light, UK)
38±7
200
5
868
Yoghurt, Valencia orange8 (Finest, UK)
34±7
200
11
869
Yoghurt, vanilla8 (Healthy Living Light, UK)
47±13
200
7
870
Yoghurt, white peach8 (Finest, UK)
54±12
200
17
Yoghurt, frozen, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
brand (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
871
Mochaccino frozen yoghurt
51±5
125
11
872
Strawberry Banana frozen yoghurt
55±6
125
11
873
Vanilla frozen yoghurt
46±5
125
10
mean of three foods
51
125
11
Low-fat yoghurt
874
Low-fat, fruit, aspartame, SkiTM
14±4
200
2
(Dairy Farmers, Australia)
875
Low-fat, fruit, sugar, SkiTM (Dairy Farmers, Australia)
33±7
200
10
876
Low-fat, sugar-sweetened, strawberry classic,
33±5
200
10
YoplaitTM Lite (National Foods Ltd, Australia)
877
Low-fat (0.9%), fruit, wild strawberry (Ski d'liteTM,
31±14
200
9
Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
878
Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Blueberry (Nestlé, Australia)
32±4
200
4
879
Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Mixed Berry (Nestlé, Australia)
28±4
200
3
880
Low-fat, Nestlé Diet Peaches & Cream
28±3
200
3
(Nestlé, Australia)
881
Low-fat, apricot (UK)8
42±6
200
12
882
Low-fat, black cherry (UK)8
41±5
200
11
883
Low-fat, hazelnut (UK)8
53±9
200
15
884
Low-fat, peach melba (Value, UK)8
56±11
200
16
885
Low-fat, raspberry (UK)8
34±6
200
10
886
Low-fat, strawberry (UK)8
61±11
200
18
Vaalia®, low-fat, sugar sweetened yoghurt
(Pauls Ltd, Australia)
887
Heavenly Honey flavor
32±4
200
11
888
Lemon Creme flavor
43±6
200
17
889
Luscious Berries flavor
29±2
200
9
890
Passionfruit flavor
32±3
200
11
891
Strawberry flavor
28±3
200
8
mean of five foods
33±3
200
11
Natural yoghurt
892
Fat-Free Natural yoghurt
19±5
200
2
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
893
Greek Style yoghurt, Premium blend
12±4
200
1
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
894
Leben European Style yoghurt
11±5
200
1
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)25
895
Yoghurt, low fat, natural (UK)8
35±10
200
12
mean of four foods
19±6
200
3
Non-fat yoghurt
896
Passionfruit yoghurt, fat-free (Jalna Dairy Foods,
27±4
200
5
Australia)
Diet VaaliaTM, sweetened with acesulfame K
and Splenda
897
Diet VaaliaTM, exotic fruits (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
23±2
200
4
898
Diet VaaliaTM, mango (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
23±2
200
3
899
Diet VaaliaTM, mixed berry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
25±3
200
3
900
Diet VaaliaTM, strawberry (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
23±2
200
3
901
Diet VaaliaTM, vanilla (Pauls Ltd, Australia)8
23±2
200
3
mean of five foods
23±1
200
3
SkiTM, non-fat, sugar sweetened
902
SkiTM, Honey flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
40±2
200
14
903
SkiTM, vanilla flavor (Dairy Farmers Ltd, Australia)
40±4
200
12
YoplaitTM, non-fat, artificially sweetened yoghurts
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
904
YoplaitTM No Fat berry fruit flavors8
16±3
200
2
905
YoplaitTM No Fat Strawberry Classic flavor8
19±3
200
2
906
YoplaitTM No Fat tropical fruit flavors8
20±4
200
3
907
YoplaitTM No Fat yoghurt, various flavors8
18±3
200
3
mean of four foods
18±1
200
2
Probiotic yoghurt
908
Yoghurt, probiotic, prune (UK)8
44±10
200
13
909
Yoghurt, probiotic, raspberry (UK)8
45±10
200
13
910
Yoghurt, probiotic, strawberry (UK)8
52±14
200
15
mean of three foods
47
200
14
Reduced-fat yoghurt
911
Reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, apricot & mango
26±4
200
8
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
912
Reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, french vanilla
26±4
200
3
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
913
Reduced-fat, Extra-LiteTM, strawberry
28±4
200
9
(Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
914
Reduced-fat, strawberry (Czech Republic)
43±5
200
14
915
Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, berry fruit flavors
25±3
200
9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
916
Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, tropical fruit flavors
37±3
200
12
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
917
Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, various flavors
27±2
200
9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
918
Reduced-fat, YoplaitTM Lite, Fruit Salad flavor
32±5
200
9
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)
Yoghurt drinks
919
Probiotic drink, cranberry (UK)8
56±9
250 mL
17
920
Probiotic drink, orange (UK)8
30±8
250 mL
10
921
Probiotic drink, original (UK)8
34±5
250 mL
11
922
Vitalise Multivitamin Cultured Milk Fruit Drink
24±5
250 mL
4
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
923
Wildberry Yoghourt on the Go
19±4
250 mL
4
(Jalna Dairy Foods, Australia)
924
Yoghurt drink, reduced-fat, VaaliaTM, tropical
38±4
250 mL
14
passionfruit (Pauls Ltd., Australia)8
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
Soy milks
925
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Original, 0 mg calcium,
44±5
250 mL
8
with maltodextrin, (So Natural Foods, Australia)8
926
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), Calciforte, 120 mg calcium,
36±4
250 mL
6
with maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)8 (2000)
927
Soy milk, full-fat (3%), 120 mg calcium, Calciforte
41±4
250 mL
6
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8 (2006)
928
Soy milk, Vitasoy® Organic (National Foods Ltd,
43±3
250 mL
7
Australia)8
929
Soy milk, Vitasoy® So Milky Regular
21±5
250 mL
2
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
930
Soy milk, low-fat (0.7%), Vitasoy® Light Original
45±5
250 mL
4
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
931
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® So Milky Lite
17±3
250 mL
1
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
932
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), 120 mg calcium, Light,
44±3
250 mL
8
containing maltodextrin (So Natural Foods, Australia)8
933
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.8%), 120 mg calcium, Vitasoy®
18±3
250 mL
2
Premium Vitality+ (National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
Soy milk drinks
934
Soy Beverage, Chocolate flavored, President's Choice®
40±5
250 mL
11
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
935
Soy Beverage, Original flavored, President's Choice®
15±4
250 mL
1
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
936
Soy Beverage, Vanilla flavored, President's Choice®
28±3
250 mL
4
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
937
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® Lush,
31±3
250 mL
6
Chocolate (National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
938
Soy milk, reduced-fat (1.5%), Vitasoy® Lush, Vanilla
31±3
250 mL
5
(National Foods Ltd, Australia)8
939
Soy smoothie drink, banana, 1% fat
30±3
250 mL
7
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
940
Soy smoothie drink, chocolate hazelnut, 1% fat
34±3
250 mL
8
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
941
Up & GoTM, cocoa malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal
43±5
250 mL
11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)8
942
Up & GoTM, original malt flavor (soy milk, rice cereal
46±5
250 mL
11
liquid breakfast) (Sanitarium, Australia)8
943
XpressTM, chocolate (soy bean, cereal, legume extract
39±2
250 mL
13
drink with fructose)8 (So Natural Foods, Australia)
Soy yoghurt
944
Soy yoghurt, peach and mango, 2% fat, sugar
50±3
200
13
(So Natural Foods, Australia)8
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Apples, raw
945
Apple, Golden Delicious (Canada)
39±3
120
6
946
Apple, dried (Australia)
29±5
60
11
947
Sliced Apples, canned, solid packed without juice
42±2
120
4
(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Apricots
948
Apricots, raw, NS (Australia)
34±3
120
3
949
Apricot Halves canned in fruit juice (Langeberg
51±5
120
6
and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Apricots, dried
950
Apricots, dried (Australia)
30±7
60
8
951
Apricots, dried, ready to eat (UK)
31±6
60
7
952
Apricots, dried, ready to eat, bite size (UK)
32±7
60
7
mean of three studies
31
60
7
953
Apricot dried fruit snack (Australia)
42±3
15
5
954
Apricot & apple fruit strips, gluten-free
29±6
20
5
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
Apricot jam/fruit spread
955
Apricot 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar
43±6
30
7
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
956
Apricot 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand
50±6
30
9
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
957
Apricot fruit spread, reduced sugar (Glen Ewin Jams,
55±7
30
7
Para Hills, Australia)
958
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Twice the Fruit
56±8
30
7
Apricot spread (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
mean of four studies
51±3
30
8
Banana, raw
959
Banana (Australia)
47±5
120
11
960
Banana (Canada)
62±9
120
16
961
Banana (South Africa)
70±5
120
16
962
Banana, processed fruit fingers, Heinz KidzTM
61±11
30
12
(H J Heinz, Malvern, Australia)
963
Blackberry 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand
46±5
30
8
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
964
Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe
35±5
30
7
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
965
Bluberries, wild (Wild Blueberries Association, Canada)
53±7
100
5
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
966
Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
47±5
120
10
967
Breadfruit, peeled, boiled 26 min (Jamaica)
60±9
120
17
968
Breadfruit, raw (Australia)8
68
120
18
969
Breadfruit, roasted on preheated charcoal (Jamaica)
72±8
120
20
mean of four studies
62±6
120
16
970
Cherries, dark, raw, pitted (Australia)25
63±6
120
9
971
Cherries, sour, pitted, canned (Always Fresh brand,
41±5
120
9
Australia)8
972
Custard apple, raw, flesh only (Australia)
54±2
120
10
Dates
973
Dates, Barhi variety, dried and vacuum packed
50±6
60
22
(United Arab Emirates)
974
Dates, Bo ma'an variety, dried and vacuum packed
31±5
60
14
(United Arab Emirates)
975
Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) variety
47±5
60
14
(United Arab Emirates)
976
Dates, Khalas (Tamer, sun dried stored in traditional
45±8
60
20
Bedu manner) variety (United Arab Emirates)
977
Dates, Khalas variety, dried and vacuum packed
36±3
60
16
(United Arab Emirates)
mean of five studies
42±4
60
18
978
Divine Date spread (Buderim Ginger, Buderim, QLD,
29±4
25
5
Australia)
979
Figs, dried, tenderised, Dessert Maid brand
61±6
60
16
(Ernest Hall & Sons, Sydney, Australia)
980
Fruit Salad canned in fruit juice, containing peach,
54±3
120
6
pear, apricot, pineapple and cherries
(Langeberg and Ashton Foods Pty Ltd, South Africa)
Ginger
981
Ginger, candied, sucrose-free
10±4
25
2
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
982
Ginger Spread, sucrose-free
10±2
25
2
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
983
Original Ginger marmalade
50±7
25
9
(Buderim Ginger, Australia)
984
Grapes, black, Waltham Cross (Australia)
59
120
11
985
Grape Nectar (Chateau Barrosa, Lyndoch,
52±5
20
8
SA, Australia)
986
Grapefruit, ruby red segments, canned in juice
47±5
120
10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
987
Kiwi fruit (Australia)8
58±7
120
7
988
Lychee, canned in syrup and drained,
79±8
120
16
Narcissus brand (China)
989
Mandarin segments, canned in juice
47±2
120
6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
990
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Australia)8
51±3
120
8
991
Mango, low-fat frozen fruit dessert, FrutiaTM
42±3
100
10
(Weis Frozen Foods, Toowong, Australia)
992
Mixed fruit, dried (Value, UK)
60±7
60
24
993
Nectarines, raw (Australia)8
43±6
120
4
Oranges, raw
994
Oranges, type NS (South Africa)
33±6
120
3
995
Oranges, type NS (Canada)
40±3
120
4
995
Orange & Grapefruit segments, canned in juice
53±4
120
10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
Orange Marmalade
996
Marmalade, orange 100% Pure Fruit spread,
27±3
30
4
no added sugar (Freedom Foods, Australia)
997
Marmalade, orange (Australia)
48±9
30
9
998
Breakfast Marmalade 100% Fruit Spread,
55±4
30
10
CotteesTM brand (Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
mean of three foods
43
30
8
Paw paw/papaya, raw
999
Paw paw (Carica papaya (Australia)8
56±6
120
5
Peaches
1000
Peach, canned in natural juice (Goulburn Valley
30±4
120
3
brand, Ardmona Foods, Mooroopna, Australia)
1001
Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd,
45±6
120
5
Shepparton, Australia)
1002
Peach, canned in natural juice (SPC Ardmona Ltd,
46±4
120
6
Shepparton, VIC, Australia)
mean of three studies
40
120
5
1003
Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Letona Foods,
58±11
120
9
Hawthorn East, VIC, Australia)
1004
Peach, canned in heavy syrup (Homebrand,
64±3
120
12
Yennora, NSW, Australia)
1005
Peach, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite
62±9
120
11
(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1006
Peach & Grapes, canned in natural fruit juice
46±5
120
6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1007
Peach & Pineapple, canned in natural fruit juice
45±4
120
6
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1008
Peach, dried (UK)
35±5
60
8
1009
Peach & pear fruit strips, gluten-free
29±6
20
3
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
Pears
1010
Pear halves, canned in reduced-sugar syrup, SPC Lite
25±6
120
4
(SPC Ltd, Australia)
1011
Pear halves, canned in natural juice (SPC Ltd, Australia)
43±15
120
5
1012
Pear, dried (UK)
43±15
60
12
Pineapple
1013
Pineapple, raw (Australia)8
66±7
120
6
1014
Pineapple pieces, canned in fruit juice
43±4
120
8
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1015
Pineapple pieces, canned in natural fruit juice
55±5
120
10
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1016
Pineapple & Papaya pieces, canned in natural juice
53±7
120
9
(Woolworths Limited, Australia)
1017
Prunes, pitted (Sunsweet Growers Inc., Yuba City, USA)
29±4
60
10
Raisins
1018
Raisins (Canada)
64±11
60
28
1019
Raspberry 100% Pure Fruit spread, no added sugar
26±4
25
3
(Freedom Foods, Australia)
1020
Raspberry 100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand
46±5
30
8
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
Rockmelon/Cantaloupe
1021
Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)8
65±9
120
4
1022
Rockmelon/Cantaloupe, raw (Australia)7
70
120
4
1023
Strawberries, fresh, raw (Australia)8
40±7
120
1
1024
Strawberry jam (Australia)
51±10
30
10
1025
Strawberry100% Fruit Spread, CotteesTM brand
46±5
30
8
(Cadbury Schweppes, Australia)
1025
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Twice the Fruit
69±12
25
6
Spread - Strawberry & Rhubarb
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1026
Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit
29±4
30
7
CompanyTM, Washington, USA)
1027
Strawberry & wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe
40
30
8
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1028
Strawberry processed fruit bars, Real Fruit Bars
90±12
30
23
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
Sultanas
1029
Sultanas (Australia)
56±11
60
26
1030
Sultanas (Value, UK)
56±6
60
23
1031
Sultanas (UK)
58±11
60
24
mean of three studies
57
60
25
1032
Tropical dried fruit snack (Australia)
41±3
15
5
1033
Vitari, wild berry, non-dairy, frozen fruit dessert
59±8
100
12
(Nestlé, Australia)
Watermelon
1034
Watermelon, raw (Australia)8
72±13
120
4
1035
Watermelon, raw (Australia)7
80±3
120
5
1036
Wild berry dried fruit snack (Australia)
35±4
15
4
FRUIT JUICES
Apple juice
1037
Apple juice, unsweetened, reconstituted
39±5
250 mL
10
(Berrivale Orchards Ltd, Berri, Australia)
1038
Apple juice, Granny Smith, unsweetened (Australia)
44±3
250 mL
13
1039
Apple juice, pure, clear, unsweetened (The Wild
44±2
250 mL
13
About Fruit Company, Wandin, VIC, Australia)
1040
Apple juice, pure, cloudy, unsweetened
37±3
250 mL
10
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1041
Apple and blackcurrant juice, no added sugar
45±4
250 mL
11
(Berri Ltd, Australia)
1042
Apple and cherry juice, pure, unsweetened
43±3
250 mL
14
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1043
Apple and mango juice, pure, unsweetened
47±5
250 mL
16
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1044
Apple, pineapple and passionfruit juice, unsweetened
48±5
250 mL
16
(The Wild About Fruit Company, Australia)
1045
Carrot juice, freshly made (Sydney, Australia)8
43±3
250 mL
10
Cranberry juice
1046
Cranberry juice cocktail (Ocean Spray,
52±3
250 mL
16
Melbourne, Australia)
1047
Cranberry juice cocktail
68±3
250 mL
24
(Ocean Spray Inc., Lakeville-Middleboro, MA, USA)
1048
Cranberry juice drink, Ocean Spray®
56±4
250 mL
16
(Gerber Ltd., Bridgewater, Somerset, UK)
mean of three studies
59
250 mL
19
Orange juice
1049
Orange juice (Canada)
46±6
250 mL
12
1050
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Oh-Mega j Orange
48±4
250 mL
14
juice beverage (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1051
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate,
53±6
250 mL
9
Quelch brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1052
Orange juice, unsweetened, reconstituted concentrate,
54±5
250 mL
11
Mr Juicy brand (Berri Ltd, Australia)
mean of four studies
50±2
250 mL
12
1053
Prune juice (Golden Circle, Australia)
43±3
250 mL
15
SuperJuice (Berri Ltd, Australia)
1054
SuperJuice Greenzone, containing apple, orange and
47±3
250 mL
12
pineapple juice
1055
SuperJuice Immune, containing apple juice,
47±3
250 mL
12
pineapple juice and guava puree
1056
SuperJuice Kickstart, containing apple juice,
39±3
250 mL
11
blueberry puree and banana puree
Tomato juice
1057
Tomato juice, low sodium, President's Choice® Blue
23±6
250 mL
2
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1058
Tomato juice, no added sugar (Campbell's Soup
33±3
250 mL
3
Company, Camden, USA)
1059
Tomato juice, canned, no added sugar
38±4
250 mL
4
(Berri Ltd, Australia)
mean of three studies
31
250 mL
2
INFANT FORMULA AND WEANING FOODS
Formula
1060
InfasoyTM, soy-based, milk-free (Wyeth Nutritionals,
55±6
100 mL
4
Baulkham Hills, NSW, Australia)8
1061
KaricareTM gold starter formula with omega plus
35±5
100 mL
2
LCP oils (Nutricia, Auckland, New Zealand)8
1062
Nan-1TM infant formula with iron (Nestlé, Australia)8
30±6
100 mL
2
1063
S-26TM infant formula (Wyeth Nutritionals, Australia)8
36±6
100 mL
3
Weaning Foods
1064
Apple baby food (Czech Republic)
46±5
120
10
1065
FarexTM baby rice, 7 g cereal with 80 g water
95±13
87
6
(Heinz Wattie's Ltd., Malvern, Australia)8
Robinsons First Tastes from 4 months
(Nutricia, Wells, UK)
1066
Apple, apricot and banana cereal8
56±8
75
7
1067
Creamed rice porridge8
59±8
75
5
1068
Rice pudding8
59±6
75
6
Heinz for Baby from 4 months
(Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1069
Chicken and noodles with vegetables, strained8
67±11
120
5
1070
Sweetcorn and rice8
65±13
120
10
Porridge/Gruel (Semper Foods AB, Sweden)
1071
Gruel (wholemeal wheat, rye, rice, wheat and oat flour),
47
250
12
made with whole milk and water24
1072
Porridge (rice & wheat flour), apple-pear flavored,
46
250
14
made with whole milk and water24
1073
Porridge (wholemeal wheat, oat, rice & wheat flour),
51
250
15
fruit flavored, made with whole milk and water24
1074
Porridge (rice and wheat flour), made with
54
250
16
whole milk and water24
1075
Rice porridge, made with whole milk and water24
51
250
15
LEGUMES AND NUTS
Baked Beans
1076
Baked Beans, canned (Canada)
40±3
150
6
1077
Baked Beans, Heinz Vegetarian baked haricot beans
40
150
6
(HJ Heinz Company, Dandenong, VIC, Australia)11
1078
Baked Beans in Cheesy Tomato sauce
44±4
150
10
(HJ Heinz, Australia)
1079
Baked Beans in Barbecue sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)
47±4
150
13
1080
Baked Beans in Ham sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)
53±4
150
13
1081
Baked Beans in Mild Curry sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)
49±5
150
11
1082
Baked Beans in Sweet Chilli sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)
46±3
150
12
1083
Baked Beans in Tomato sauce (HJ Heinz, Australia)
40±5
150
8
1084
Baked Beans in Tomato sauce, canned, reheated in
57±7
150
13
microwave for 1.5 min (HJ Heinz, Australia)
Beans, dried, boiled
1085
Beans, dried, type NS (Italy)24
37
150
11
Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled
1086
Blackeyed beans (Canada)
33±4
150
10
1087
Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata),
52
150
16
boiled (Nigeria)11,14
1088
Blackeyed peas (Vigna unguiculata), boiled,
38
150
11
consumed with 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14
Butter Beans
1089
Butter beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
36±3
150
8
(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)8
1090
Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight,
26±7
150
5
boiled 50 min (UK)
1091
Butter beans, dried, soaked overnight, cooked in
28±7
150
6
salted water (South Africa)
1092
Butter beans (Canada)
36±4
150
7
mean of four studies
32±3
150
7
1093
Cannellini beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
31±5
150
6
(Simplot Australia, Cheltenham, Australia)8
Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
1094
Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum Linn), dried, soaked,
10
150
3
boiled 35 min (Philippines)
1095
Chickpeas (Canada)
36±5
150
11
1096
Chickpeas, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
38±3
150
9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1097
Chickpea Hommus dip, Chris' Traditional brand
22±5
30
1
(Capitol Chilled Foods Pty Ltd, ACT, Australia)8
1098
Four bean mix, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
37±5
150
9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
Haricot/Navy beans
1099
Haricot/Navy beans, boiled (Canada)
31±6
150
9
1100
Haricot/Navy beans (King Grains, Canada)
39
150
12
1101
Haricot beans, home-cooked, soaked overnight,
23
150
7
boiled 1h in water, baked in tomato sauce 2 h11
(HJ Heinz, Australia)
Kidney Beans
1102
Kidney/white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn),
14
150
3
soaked, boiled 17 min (Philippines)
1103
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) (India)
19
150
5
1104
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), red,
25
150
6
soaked 20 min, boiled 70 min (Sweden)
1105
Kidney beans (Canada)
29±8
150
7
mean of four studies
22±3
150
6
1106
Kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), autoclaved
34
150
8
1107
Kidney beans, dried, soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h,
70±11
150
17
steamed 1 h (India)14
1108
Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn), soaked
20
150
5
overnight, cooked 45 min (Philippines)
1109
Dark Red Kidney beans, canned in brine, drained,
43±5
150
10
Edgell'sTM brand (Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1110
Red Kidney beans, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
36±4
150
9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1111
Red Kidney beans, dried, soaked overnight,
51±5
150
12
boiled 60 min (UK)
Lentils
1112
Lentils, type NS (Canada)
29±3
150
5
1113
Lentils, brown, canned, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
42±5
150
9
(Simplot Australia, Australia)8
1114
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Australia)
37±3
150
5
1115
Lentils, red, split, dried, boiled 25 min (UK)
21±7
150
4
1116
Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (Canada)
47±3
150
9
Mung beans
1117
Mung bean (Phaseolus areus Roxb), soaked,
31
150
5
boiled 20 min (Philippines)
1118
Mung bean, fried (Australia)
53±8
150
9
1119
Mung bean, germinated (Australia)
25±4
150
4
1120
Mung bean, pressure cooked (Australia)
42±5
150
7
1121
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan Linn. Huth.), soaked,
22
150
4
boiled 45 min (Philippines)
Pinto beans
1122
Pinto beans, steamed (USA)11,14
33
150
8
1123
Refried Pinto beans, Casa FiestaTM brand
38±3
150
10
(Capital Foods Pty Ltd, Australia)
Soya beans
1124
Soya beans, dried, boiled (Canada)
15±5
150
1
1125
Soya beans, dried, boiled (Australia)
20±3
150
1
1126
Soya beans, canned (Canada)
14±2
150
1
1127
Soya beans, canned in brine, drained, Edgell'sTM brand
14±3
150
1
(Simplot Australia, Australia)7
1128
Split peas, yellow, dried, soaked overnight,
25±6
150
3
boiled 55 min (UK)
MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
1129
Chocolate, lactose-free, weight management drink (UK)24
29±10
250 mL
6
1130
Chocolate weight management bar
29±4
31
4
(Shaklee Corporation, Pleasanton, CA, USA)
1131
Chocolate weight management drink (UK)24
23±5
250 mL
4
1132
Chocolate weight management drink (UK)24
39±8
250 mL
7
1133
Hazelnut & Apricot bar (Dietworks,
42±7
50
9
South Yarra, Australia)
1134
InZoneTM nutritious beverage powder, prepared
28±5
250 mL
2
with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1135
Juice Plus+® Complete meal replacement powder,
35±5
250 mL
7
Dutch chocolate flavor (Australia)
1136
Juice Plus+® Complete meal replacement powder,
32±4
250 mL
6
French vanilla flavor (Australia)
Lean CuisineTM frozen convenience meals
(Nestlé, Australia)
1137
French style chicken with rice, reheated8
36±6
280
17
1138
Honey Soy Beef with Wholemeal Noodles, reheated
53±4
280
19
1139
Burmese Vegetable Curry & rice, reheated
49±6
280
20
1140
Chicken Pomodoro, reheated
46±8
280
17
L.E.A.NTM products (Usana Inc.,
Salt Lake City, UT, USA)
1141
L.E.A.N FibergyTM bar, Harvest Oat
45±4
50
13
1142
NutrimealTM, drink powder, Dutch Chocolate
26±3
250
3
1143
L.E.A.N (Life long) NutribarTM, Peanut Crunch
30±4
40
6
1144
L.E.A.N (Life long) NutribarTM, Chocolate Crunch
32±4
40
6
1145
Lemon weight management bar
23±4
31
3
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1146
Lemon weight management bar (UK)24
32±8
50
7
1147
Malt toffee weight management bar (UK)24
43±7
50
10
1148
Peanut Butter weight management bar
22±4
31
3
(Shaklee Corporation, USA)
1149
ProvideTM nutritious beverage powder,
28±5
250 mL
2
prepared with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
1150
ReduceXSTM Chocolate Deluxe formulated meal
10±6
250 mL
1
replacement powder, prepared with water (Australia)8
1151
SICCON D2TM nutritious beverage powder, prepared
28±5
250 mL
2
with water (Indevex AB, Sweden)
SlimFast® weight management products
SlimFast® bars
1152
SlimFast® chocolate caramel meal replacement bar
54±3
50
18
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1153
SlimFast® chocolate meal replacement bar
27±3
50
6
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1154
SlimFast® Chocolate Muesli snack bar
49±6
50
16
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
SlimFast® beverages
1155
SlimFast® Double Chocolate meal replacement powder,
36±4
50
17
prepared with skim milk (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1156
SlimFast® French Vanilla ready-to-drink shake
37±5
250 mL
10
(Slim Fast Foods Company, Englewood, NJ, USA)
1157
SlimFast® meal replacement powder, prepared
35±6
250 mL
12
with skim milk (Unilever Australasia, Australia)
1158
SlimFast® Strawberry Supreme ready-to-drink shake
33±3
250 mL
10
(SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
SlimFast® meals
1159
SlimFast® Garden vegetable soup with
20±2
250 mL
5
peppers and croutons (SlimFast Foods Ltd, UK)
1160
SlimFast® Pasta Florentina meal (SlimFast Foods, UK)
53±5
250
12
1161
Tony Ferguson's Meal Replacement Shake,
22±2
250 mL
6
all flavors, prepared with water (Australia)
Worldwide Sport Nutrition reduced-carbohydrate
products (2000 formulations) (Worldwide Sport
Nutritional Supplements Inc., Largo, FL, US)
1162
Designer chocolate, sugar-free8
14±3
35
3
Burn-itTM bars
1163
Chocolate deluxe8
29±3
50
2
1164
Peanut butter8
23±3
50
1
Pure-proteinTM bars
1165
Chewy choc-chip8
30±4
80
4
1166
Chocolate deluxe8
38±4
80
5
1167
Peanut butter8
22±4
80
2
1168
Strawberry shortcake8
43±4
80
6
1169
White chocolate mousse8
40±4
80
6
Pure-proteinTM cookies
1170
Choc-chip cookie dough8
25±3
55
3
1171
Coconut8
42±5
55
4
1172
Peanut butter8
37±7
55
3
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
1173
Beef and ale casserole, convenience meal (Finest, UK)8
53±12
300
8
1174
Berrynice Yoghurt Crunch (low fat yoghurt,
43±5
216
15
honey toasted oats, strawberries and blueberries)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
Burgers
1175
Fillet-O-FishTM burger (fish patty, cheese and tartare
66±10
128
20
sauce on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1176
Hamburger (beef patty, ketchup, pickle, onion and
66±8
95
17
mustard on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1177
Lean beef burger (lean beef patty, tomato, mixed
66±4
164
17
lettuce, cheese, onion and sauce on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1178
McChickenTM burger (chicken patty, lettuce,
66±3
186
26
mayonnaise on a burger bun)
(McDonald's Australia Ltd, Australia)
1179
Vege Burger (vegetable patty, lettuce, tomato and
59±8
100
14
sweet chilli sauce on a burger bun) (Australia)
1180
Cannelloni, spinach and ricotta (UK)
15±4
300
8
1181
Chicken korma and peshwari rice, prepared meal
44±6
300
21
(Finest, UK)
1182
Chicken korma and rice, convenience meal
45±9
300
21
(Healthy Living, UK)
1183
Chicken nuggets, frozen, reheated in
46±4
100
7
microwave oven 5 min (Savings,
Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1184
Chicken McNuggetsTM consumed with sweet Thai
55±6
100
12
chilli sauce (McDonald's, Australia)
1185
Chicken tikka masala and rice, convenience meal
34±7
300
21
(Healthy Living, UK)
1186
Chilli beef noodles, prepared convenience meal
42±4
300
19
(Finest, UK)
1187
Chilli con carne, made from haricot beans (Australia)
34±9
300
12
1188
Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal8
55±7
300
13
(Healthy Living, UK)
1189
Chow mein, chicken, convenience meal
47±7
300
18
(Serves One, UK)
ContinentalTM Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce
(Unilever Australiasia, Epping, NSW, Australia)
1190
Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Cheesy, prepared
37±5
200
8
with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1191
Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Carbonara,
39±4
200
9
prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1192
Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Creamy Sun-dried Tomato,
43±6
200
10
prepared with water, reduced-fat milk & margarine
1193
Wholegrain Pasta & Sauce, Parmesan and Cracked
33±5
200
7
Pepper, prepared with water, reduced-fat milk
and margarine
1194
Cottage pie (UK)
65±8
300
22
1195
Cumberland fish pie (UK)
40±5
300
12
1196
Cumberland pie (UK)
29±6
300
11
1197
Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g),
37±5
215
19
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1198
Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g),
29±4
185
15
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1199
Dumpling, containing meat and shallots (China)
28±3
100
6
1200
Fajitas, chicken (UK)
42±14
300
18
1201
Greek lentil stew with a bread roll, home made
40±5
360
15
(Australia)
1202
Instant mashed potato (McCain, McCain Foods, USA),
66
100
22
eaten with 62 g cheese and 16 g butter (Canada)
1203
Kidney beans, (canned) with bacon and tomatoes
36±8
250
12
(Australia)
1204
Kidney beans, (cooked from dried beans) with bacon
21±9
250
7
and tomatoes (Australia)
1205
Lamb moussaka, prepared convenience meal8
35±8
300
10
(Finest, UK)
Lasagne
1206
Lasagne, beef (frozen) (UK)
47±7
300
17
1207
Lasagne, meat (Healthy Living, chilled, UK)
28±4
300
11
1208
Lasagne, type NS (Finest, UK)
34±8
300
10
1209
Lasagne, type NS (UK)
25±5
300
8
1210
Lasagne, vegetarian (UK)
20±6
300
10
1211
Lentil and cauliflower cury with rice (Australia)
60±10
300
25
1212
Lentil and cheese pie (Australia)
25±8
300
11
1213
Lentils and vegetables, steamed for 10 min then boiled
35
200
7
for 10 min consumed with an orange (Chile)
1214
Mushroom stroganoff with rice (UK)
26±6
300
11
1215
Parboiled rice (Uncle Bens Converted, Mars, USA)
27
100
10
consumed with 68 g cheese and 14 g butter (Canada)
1216
Pasta bake, tomato and mozzarella (UK)
23±4
300
10
Pasta eaten with other foods
1217
Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled
28±3
-
-
10 min in salted water, served with canned tuna (UK)
1218
Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled
27±4
-
-
10 min in salted water, served with cheddar cheese (UK)
1219
Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK), boiled
40±5
-
-
10 min in salted water, served with chilli con carne (UK)
1220
Spaghetti, beans & vegetables steamed for 25 min,
54
200
12
consumed with an orange (Chile)
1221
Pies, beef, party size (Farmland,
45±6
100
12
Grocery Holdings, Australia)
Pizza
1222
Pizza, Super Supreme, pan (11.4% fat)
36±6
100
9
(Pizza Hut, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1223
Pizza, Super Supreme, thin and crispy (13.2 % fat)
30±4
100
7
(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1224
Pizza, Vegetarian Supreme, thin and crispy (7.8 % fat)
49±6
100
12
(Pizza Hut, Australia)
1225
Stone Baked Whole Wheat Pizza - Vegetable, Pesto
54±4
100
11
and Feta Cheese, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Potato with added ingredients
1226
Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then
62±6
139
23
baked 10 min, served with baked beans (89 g) (UK)
1227
Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then
76±7
112
20
baked 10 min, served with canned tuna (62 g) (UK)
1228
Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked
39±5
112
10
10 min, served with cheddar cheese (62 g) (UK)
1229
Potato, Estima (50 g), microwaved 6 min then baked
75±7
113
23
10 min, served with chilli con carne (63 g) (UK)
1230
Potato noodles with meat (China)
17±3
300
8
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM convenience
meals (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1231
Barley Risotto with Herbed Chicken (entree)
38±4
300
15
1232
4-Bean Salad, low-fat
13±3
100
1
1233
Cauliflower-Topped Shepherd's Pie (entree)
21±4
300
4
1234
Chicken Curry with Vegetables (entree)
26±8
300
3
1235
Deluxe Cheddar Macaroni & Cheese Dinner
34±6
60
13
1236
Ginger-Glazed Salmon (entree)
41±3
300
18
1237
Lentil and Bean Vegetable Patties
54±5
113
15
1238
Linguine with Shrimp Marinara (entree)
40±6
300
11
1239
Penne with Roasted Vegetables (entree)
39±5
300
17
1240
Rotini with Chicken Pesto (entree)
57±4
300
25
1241
3-Rice Bayou Blend Rice & Beans Sidedish
44±4
50
15
1242
4-Rice Pilaf Rice & Beans Sidedish
46±5
50
16
1243
Rice & Lentils Espana Sidedish
49±5
50
17
1244
Sesame Ginger Chicken with Vegetables (entree)
44±8
300
8
1245
Tomato and Herb Chicken (entree)
29±5
300
9
1246
Vegetable Ancient Grain Vegetable Patties
54±3
113
14
1247
Vegetarian Chili
39±6
300
11
1248
Yellow Curry Chicken (entree)
25±5
300
4
1249
Sausages and mash potato, prepared
61±7
300
25
convenience meal (UK)
1250
Sirloin chop with mixed vegetables and mashed
66±12
360
35
potato, homemade (Australia)
1251
Shepherds pie, prepared convenience meal (UK)
66±9
300
29
1252
Spaghetti bolognaise, home made (Australia)
52±9
360
25
1253
Steak and ale with cheddar mash potato8
48±12
300
12
convenience meal (Finest, UK)
1254
Stuffed bun, with shallots and meat, steamed (China)
39±4
100
12
Sushi
1255
Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)8
48±8
100
17
1256
Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)
55
100
20
1257
Sweet and sour chicken with noodles, prepared
41±7
300
21
convenience meal (Serves One, UK)
1258
Tandoori chicken masala & rice convenience meal
45±5
300
27
(Finest, UK)
White bread with accompaniments
1259
Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice white French roll
78±7
270
44
(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1260
Chicken Tandoori Deli Choice Multigrain roll
67±6
270
32
(tandoori chicken, tomato, lettuce, cucumber, mint &
yoghurt sauce on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1261
Turkey & Cranberry Deli Choice Multigrain roll
63±5
200
34
(turkey, lettuce, cranberry sauce, cheese and
mayonnaise on a roll) (McDonald's Australia)
1262
White wheat flour bread, butter, cheese, regular milk
55
200
37
and fresh cucumber (Sweden)8
1263
White wheat flour bread, butter, yoghurt and
39
200
11
pickled cucumber (Sweden)8
1264
White bread roll with cheese (UK)
50±5
100
20
1265
White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),
78
36
11
consumed with 35 g butter11,14
(Burro Galbani, Cademartori, Lodi, Italy)
1266
White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),
20
36
3
eaten with 35 g Mazola corn oil (CDC, Milan, Italy)11,14
1267
White bread (Rustico Panem, Panem, Verona, Italy),
20
36
3
eaten with 35 g olive oil (Olio Sagra, Lucca, Italy)11,14
1268
White bread consumed with margarine, eggs and
58±13
-
-
orange juice
1269
White bread (30 g), toasted, served with
50±6
81
11
baked beans (51 g) (Hovis, UK)
1270
White bread (30 g), toasted, served with cheddar
35±2
66
5
cheese (36 g) (Hovis, UK)
1271
White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)
74
170
37
(140 g), consumed with 30 g raw almonds (Canada)
1272
White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)
44
200
23
(140 g), consumed with 60 g raw almonds (Canada)
1273
White bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries),
39
160
20
(100 g), consumed with 60 g raw, unblanched almonds
(California Almonds, USA)
1274
White Bread (Wonder Bread, Interstate Bakeries)
31
230
16
(140 g), consumed with 90 g raw almonds (Canada)
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
1275
Choiced m TM, vanilla (Mead Johnson Nutritionals,
23±4
237 mL
6
Evansville, USA)
1276
Diasip®, diabetes-specific enteral formula8
12±3
250 mL
3
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1277
Diason®/Nutrison Diabetes, diabetes-specific enteral8
17±4
250 mL
5
formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1278
Diben®, diabetes-specific enteral formula8
22±7
250 mL
5
(Fresenius Kabi AG, Germany)
1279
Enercal PlusTM, made from powder (Wyeth-Ayerst
61±13
237 mL
24
International Inc, Madison, USA)
1280
EnsureTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia, Kurnell,
50±8
237 mL
19
NSW, Australia)
1281
EnsureTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)
48±3
237 mL
16
1282
EnsureTM bar, chocolate fudge brownie
43±3
38
8
(Abbott Australasia)
1283
EnsureTM Hospital, nutritional supplement powder,
51±5
250 mL
3
prepared with water (Abbott Nutrition International)
1284
Ensure PlusTM, vanilla (Abbott Australasia)
40±4
237 mL
19
1285
Ensure PuddingTM, old fashioned vanilla
36±4
113
9
(Abbott Laboratories Inc, Ashland, USA)
1286
Fortimel® enteral formula (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)8
25±8
250 mL
6
1287
Glucerna Chocolate Graham nutritional
20±2
50
5
supplement bar (Ross Nutrition, Canada)
1288
Glucerna, diabetes-specific enteral formula
15±3
250 mL
4
(Abbott Laboratories Inc, USA)
Glucerna enteral nutritional supplement, vanilla
1289
GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor8
19±4
250 mL
4
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1290
GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor8
20±4
250 mL
4
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1291
GlucernaTM, vanilla flavor (Ross Nutrition, Canada)
26±2
250 mL
8
1292
GlucernaTM, vanilla (Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)8
31±2
250 mL
8
mean of four studies
24±3
250 mL
6
1293
Glucerna Select, enteral nutritional supplement8
16±3
250 mL
2
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1294
Glucerna SR, diabetes-specific enteral formula
23±5
250 mL
6
(Abbott Laboratories Inc., USA)
1295
InslowTM (Abbott Nutrition International -Japan)8
25±3
250 mL
6
1296
JevityTM (Abbott Australasia)
48±3
237 mL
17
1297
JevityTM HiCal, enteral nutritional supplement
59±6
250 mL
27
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1298
Novasource Diabet®, diabetes-specific enteral formula8
26±5
250 mL
8
(Novartis Consumer Health SA, Switzerland)
1299
Nutridrink (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)9
25
250 mL
12
1300
Nutridrink Multifiber, containing 2.3 g fiber/100 mL
22
250 mL
10
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)9
1301
Nutrison Mutli fiber® enteral formula8
28±10
250 mL
9
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1302
Nutrison Standard® enteral formula8
34±8
250 mL
10
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)
1303
Promote with fiberTM nutritional supplement
49±8
237 mL
16
(Ross Nutrition, USA)
1304
ProsureTM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor
54±5
237 mL
20
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1305
ProsureTM, ready-to-drink supplement, vanilla flavor
55±5
237 mL
23
(Abbott Nutrition International)
1306
Resource DiabeticTM, French vanilla (Novartis
34±3
237 mL
8
Nutrition Corp., Young America, USA)8
1307
Resource DiabeticTM, Swiss chocolate
16±4
237mL
7
(Novartis, Auckland, New Zealand)
1308
ResourceTM fruit beverage, peach flavor
40±8
237 mL
16
(Novartis, New Zealand)
1309
ResourceTM thickened orange juice,
47±9
237 mL
18
honey consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1310
ResourceTM thickened orange juice,
54±7
237 mL
19
nectar consistency (Novartis, New Zealand)
1311
SustagenTM, Dutch Chocolate (Mead Johnson,
31±4
250 mL
13
Bristol Myers Squibb, Rydalmere, Australia)
1312
SustagenTM Hospital with extra fiber, drink made
33±4
250 mL
15
from powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)
1313
SustagenTM Instant Pudding, vanilla, made from
27±3
250
13
powdered mix (Mead Johnson, Australia)
1314
TapionTM nutritonal supplement (Abbott Nutrition
27±5
250 mL
7
International - Japan)
1315
TwoCal HNTM, high nitrogen nutritional supplement,
55±5
237 mL
27
vanilla flavor (Abbott Nutrition International)
1316
UltracalTM with fiber (Mead Johnson,
40
237 mL
12
Evansville, IN, USA)
NUTS
Cashew nuts
1317
Cashew nuts, salted (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)8
22±5
50
3
1318
Cashew nuts (UK)8
25±6
50
3
1319
Cashew nuts, organic, roasted and salted (UK)8
25±12
50
3
1320
Cashew nut halves (UK)8
27±6
50
3
1321
Cashew nuts, roasted and salted (UK)8
27±9
50
3
mean of five foods
25±1
50
3
1322
Mixed nuts and raisins (UK)
21±5
50
3
1323
Mixed nuts, roasted and salted (UK)
24±10
50
4
Peanuts
1324
Peanuts, crushed (South Africa)8
7±4
50
0
PASTA and NOODLES
1325
Buckwheat noodles (China)
59±1
180
25
1326
Buckwheat noodles, instant (China)
53±2
180
22
1327
Corn pasta, gluten-free (Orgran Natural Foods,
68±7
180
31
Carrum Downs, VIC, Australia) (2007)
1328
Corn pasta, gluten-free
78±10
180
32
(Orgran Natural Foods, Australia)
Fettucine, egg
1329
Fettucine, egg (Australia)
32±4
180
15
1330
Fettucine, egg (Mother Earth Fine Foods,
47±6
180
22
Rowville, Australia)
Fusilli pasta twists
1331
Fusilli pasta twists (Tesco Stores Ltd, UK),
61±9
180
29
boiled 10 min in salted water (UK)
1332
Fusilli pasta twists, dry pasta, boiled in 10 min
54±11
180
26
in unsalted water (UK)
1333
Fusilli pasta twists, tricolour, dry pasta,
51±11
180
23
boiled 10 min in unsalted water (UK)
1334
Fusilli pasta twists, wholewheat, dry pasta, boiled
55±8
180
23
10 min in unsalted water (UK)
mean of four studies
55±2
180
25
1335
Gluten-free pasta, maize starch, boiled 8 min (UK)
54
180
23
1336
Gnocchi, type NS (Latina, Pillsbury Australia Ltd,
68±9
180
33
Mt. Waverley, Australia)
Instant noodles
1337
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®
46±5
180
11
(Nestlé, Australia) (1995)
1338
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®
48±8
180
12
(Nestlé, Auckland, New Zealand)
1339
Instant 'two-minute' noodles, Maggi®, all flavors
52±7
180
13
(Nestlé Australia) (2005)
1340
Instant noodles, all flavors (Woolworths Limited,
52±5
180
11
Australia)
mean of four studies
50±2
180
12
Lasagne pasta sheets, boiled for 10 min
1341
Lasagne sheets, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water
55±8
180
26
(Value, UK)
1342
Lasagne, egg, dry pasta, boiled in unsalted water (UK)
53±9
180
23
1343
Lasagne, egg, verdi, dry pasta, boiled in
52±6
180
23
unsalted water (UK)
mean of three studies
53
180
24
Linguine
1344
Thick, durum wheat, white, fresh (Sweden)
43
180
21
1345
Thick, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w
48
180
23
monoglycerides, boiled 8 min (Sweden)
1346
Thin, durum wheat (Sweden)
49
180
23
1347
Thin, fresh, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w
61
180
29
monoglycerides, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
1348
Thin, fresh, durum wheat with 39% w/w egg, (Sweden)
45
180
18
1349
Thin, fresh, with 0.6% w/w monoglycerides and
53
180
22
30% w/w egg, boiled 3 min (Sweden)
mean of four studies
52±3
180
23
1350
Mung bean noodles (Longkou beanthread),
39±9
180
18
dried, boiled (Yantai cereals, China)
1351
Proti pasta, protein-enriched, boiled in water
28±1
180
14
(Vital Nature Inc, San Antonio, TX, USA)
1352
Ravioli, durum wheat flour, meat filled, boiled (Australia)
39±1
180
15
Rice noodles/pasta
1353
Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World,
61±6
180
23
Bangkok, Thailand)
1354
Rice noodles, freshly made, boiled
40±4
180
15
(Sydney, NSW, Australia)
1355
Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)
41
180
18
rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
1356
Rice pasta, gluten-free (Freedom Foods, Australia)
51
180
24
1357
Rice pasta, brown, boiled 16 min
92±8
180
35
(Rice Grower's Co-op, Australia)
1358
Rice and maize pasta, gluten-free, Ris'O'Mais
76±6
180
37
(Orgran Foods, Australia)
Spaghetti
1359
Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and Hi-Maize
51±5
180
25
(high-amlyose) flour (Freedom Foods, Australia)
1360
Spaghetti, gluten-free, rice and split pea,
68±9
220
19
canned in tomato sauce
1361
Spaghetti, 75% durum wheat flour and 25% chickpea
41
180
19
flour boiled 10 min (Rio Dulce SA, Guadalajara, Spain)
1362
Spaghetti, soy (Revival Soy®, Physicians
47±7
180
17
Pharmaceuticals, Inc, USA)8
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
1363
White, boiled for 10 min (Rio Dulce SA,
51
180
24
Guadalajara, Spain)
1364
White, durum wheat, boiled 10 min in salt water
58
180
28
(Barilla, Parma, Italy)15
1365
White, durum wheat flour, boiled 12 min
47
180
23
(Starhushalls, Kungsornen AB, Jarna, Sweden)
1366
White, durum wheat flour, 0.6% w/w monoglycerides,
53
180
25
boiled 12 min (Sweden)
1367
White, boiled 15 min in salted water
44±3
180
21
(Unico, Concord, ON, Canada)
1368
100% durum semolina spaghetti, boiled 15 min
41
180
19
(Unico, Canada)
mean of six studies
49±3
180
24
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 20 min
1369
White, durum wheat, boiled 20 min (Australia)
58±7
180
26
Spaghetti, white, boiled
1370
White (France)
39
180
18
1371
White (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)
46
180
22
1372
White (Unico, Canada)
48±3
180
23
1373
White (Vetta, Greens Foods, Glendenning, Australia)
49±7
180
22
1374
White (Canada)
50±8
180
24
mean of five studies
46±2
180
22
Spaghetti, white, durum wheat semolina
(Panzani, Marseilles, France)
1375
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 11 min
59±15
180
28
1376
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 16.5 min
65±15
180
31
1377
Boiled in 0.7% salted water for 22 min
46±10
180
22
mean of three cooking times
57
180
27
Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled
1378
Wholemeal (Canada)
42±4
180
17
1379
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Whole Wheat
45±5
180
18
spaghetti (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1380
Wholemeal pasta, dark durum wheat, boiled 10 min in
58
180
29
salted water (Melia Ltd, Raisio, Finland)
1381
Spirali, durum wheat, white, boiled to al dente texture
43±10
180
19
(Vetta, Australia)
1382
Split pea and soya pasta shells, gluten-free
29±6
180
9
(Orgran Foods, Australia)
1383
Tagliatelle, egg pasta, boiled in water for 7 min (UK)
46±6
180
20
1384
Tagliatelle, egg, boiled (Sainsbury's, UK)
54±5
180
24
1385
Udon noodles, plain, reheated 5 min (Fantastic,
62±8
180
30
Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)8
1386
Vermicelli, white, boiled, VettaTM (Australia)
35±7
180
16
1387
Wheat noodle, dried (China)
46±2
180
19
1388
Wheat noodle, fresh (China)
82±7
180
34
SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
1389
Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
42
50
11
1390
Chick Pea chips (Freedom Foods, Australia)
44±7
50
8
1391
Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour
43
50
10
(Philippines)
Chocolate, dark
1392
Chocolate, dark, Dove® (M&M/Mars, USA)
23±3
50
6
1393
Chocolate, dark with raisins, peanuts and jam
44±5
50
12
(Czech Republic)
Chocolate, milk, plain
1394
Chocolate, milk, plain with sucrose (Belgium)8
34±5
50
7
1395
Chocolate, milk (Cadbury's Confectionery,
49±6
50
14
Ringwood, Australia)
1396
Chocolate, milk, Dove® (Mars Confectionery,
45±8
50
13
Ballarat, Australia)
1397
Chocolate, milk (Nestlé, Sydney, NSW, Australia)
42±8
50
13
mean of four studies
43±3
50
12
Chocolate, milk, artificially sweetened
1398
Chocolate candy, sugar free, Dove®
23±3
50
3
(M&M/Mars, USA)8
1399
Chocolate, white, Milky Bar® (Nestlé, Australia)
44±6
50
13
1400
CocoaviaTM Chocolate Covered Almonds
21±3
30
2
(M&M/Mars, USA)8
1401
Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Crackers
54±6
50
17
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1402
Combos Snacks Cheddar Cheese Pretzels
52±6
50
18
(M&M/Mars, USA)
Corn chips
1403
Corn chips, plain, salted (DoritosTM original,
42±4
50
11
Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1998)
1404
Corn chips, plain, salted (DoritosTM original,
72
50
18
Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia) (1985)
Chips or Crisps, made from flaxseed, corn or rice
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1405
Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Sea Salt
45±6
50
9
1406
Flaxseed Tortilla chips, Spicy
34±5
50
7
1407
Japanese Tamari Rice & Corn Crisps
91±6
50
35
1408
Japanese Wasabi & Honey Rice & Corn Crisps
82±7
50
32
1409
Thai Curry Rice & Corn Crisps
84±6
50
33
1410
Fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK)
15±3
50
4
Fruit Bars
1411
Apple Fruit Bar, fat-free, President's Choice® Blue
90±13
40
27
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1412
Apricot and Almond bar (UK)
34±6
30
5
1413
Apricot filled fruit bar (pureed dried apricot filling
50±8
50
17
in wholemeal pastry) (Mother Earth, New Zealand)
1414
Apricot & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat
40±5
50
10
and gluten-free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1415
Berry & Yoghurt Healtheries Simple Bar, wheat
51±4
50
13
and gluten free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1416
Berrylicious Trim Bar
46±4
50
8
(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1417
Blackberry Sour Buzz dried fruit leather, Sunripe
35±5
30
7
School Straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
1418
Fig Fruit bar, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
70±8
40
21
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1419
Fruit & Yogurt Apple Cinnamon Chewy Bars (Soy),
34±3
40
7
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1420
Fruit & Yogurt Cranberry Blueberry Bars (Soy),
33±2
40
7
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1421
Heinz KidzTM Fruit Fingers, banana (HJ Heinz, Australia)
61±11
30
12
1422
Raspberry Fruit bar, fat-free, President's Choice®
74±11
40
23
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1423
Real Fruit Bars, strawberry (Uncle Toby's, Australia)
90±12
30
23
1424
Roll-Ups®, processed fruit snack
99±12
30
24
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1425
Strawberry fruit leather (Stretch Island Fruit
29±4
30
7
CompanyTM, Washington, USA)
1426
Strawberry & Wildberry dried fruit leather, Sunripe
40
30
8
school straps (Windsor Farm Foods, Australia)
Gelato
1427
Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, chocolate flavor
37±5
100
10
(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
1428
Gelati, sucrose-free frozen dessert, vanilla flavor
39±4
100
11
(Alba Foods, Newtown, Australia)
Ice cream and cone
1429
ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored ice
44±7
100
8
cream eaten with a plain cone
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1430
ChocolloTM, low-fat chocolate flavored
55±6
110
15
ice cream eaten with a waffle cone
(Wendy's Supa Sundaes Pty Ltd, Australia)
1431
Jelly, made from commercial jelly crystals,
53±6
120
10
Raspberry Razzle flavor
(Aeroplane Jelly Company, West Ryde, Australia)
Jelly beans
1432
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Allen's, Nestlé, Australia)
80±8
30
22
1433
Jelly beans, assorted colors (Savings,
76±6
30
21
Grocery Holdings, Tooronga, Australia)
1434
Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bar with M&M's Milk
52±4
50
18
Chocolate Mini Baking Bits (M&M/Mars, USA)
1435
Kudos Whole-Grain bars, chocolate chip
62±8
50
20
(M&M/Mars, Hackettstown, USA)
1436
Kudos Milk Chocolate Granola bars,
45±6
50
14
Peanut Butter flavor (M&M/Mars, USA)
1437
Licorice, soft (Coles Supermarkets, Australia)
78±11
30
16
1438
Life Savers®, peppermint candy (Nestlé, Australia)
70±6
30
21
1439
M & M's®, peanut (Mars Confectionery, Australia)
33±3
30
6
Mars Bar®
1440
Mars Bar® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)
62±8
60
25
1441
Mars Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)
68±12
60
27
1442
Marshmallows (Candy Lane, Australia)
62±6
30
15
1443
Milky Way® bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
62±8
60
26
1444
Milky Way® Lite bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
45±5
45
15
1445
Muesli bar, crunchy, containing dried apricot
61±7
30
13
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
1446
Nougat, Jijona (La Fama, Spain)9
32
30
4
1447
Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread (Ferrero
33±4
20
4
Australia, Milson's Point, NSW, Australia) (1997)
1448
Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread
30±4
20
4
(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2003)
1449
Nutella®, chocolate hazelnut spread
25±4
20
3
(Ferrero Australia, Australia) (2007)
mean of three studies
29
20
3
1450
Pirate's Booty, aged white cheddar extruded snack,
70±5
20
8
made from corn and rice (Robert's American Gourmet,
Sea Cliff, NY, USA)
Popcorn
1451
Microwave Popping Corn, butter flavor, President's
72±8
20
9
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1452
Microwave Popping Corn, natural flavor, President's
58±8
20
7
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1453
Popcorn (China)
55±1
20
6
1454
Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven
55±7
20
6
(Green's Foods, Glendenning, NSW, Australia)
1455
Poppin Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor
62±8
20
6
(Green's Foods, Australia)8
1456
Poppin Lite Microwave Popcorn, butter flavor,
67±8
20
7
50% reduced fat (Green's Foods, Australia)8
1457
Popcorn, plain, cooked in microwave oven
89
20
10
(Uncle Toby's, Australia)
mean of seven studies
65±5
20
7
1458
Pop TartsTM, double choc (Kellogg's, Australia)
70±2
50
24
Potato crisps
1459
Potato crisps, plain, salted (Canada)
51±7
50
12
1460
Potato crisps, plain, salted (Arnott's, Australia)
57
50
10
1461
Potato crisps (China)
60±2
50
12
mean of three studies
56
50
12
1462
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM Original and
66±8
50
25
Tomato Basil Vegetable Sticks
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Pretzels
1463
Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor
83±9
30
16
(Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1464
Pretzels, oven-baked, traditional wheat flavor, 97%
84±6
30
20
fat free (Parker's, Smith's Snack Food Co., Australia)
1465
Puffed rice squares (Czech Republic)
77±5
30
19
1466
Skittles® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)
70±5
50
32
Snack bars
1467
Chewy Chocolate Chip & Marshmallow Granola Bar,
78±6
26
16
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1468
Chewy Cranberry Apple Granola Bar,
58±5
26
12
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1469
Chocolate Healtheries Simple bar, wheat and gluten
35±3
50
10
free (Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1470
Chocolate Raspberry ZingTM bar (Revival Soy®,
47±5
50
2
Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)7
1471
CocoaviaTM Chocolate Almond Snack bar
63±7
50
17
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1472
CocoaviaTM Cripsy Chocolate Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
33±5
50
8
1473
ExtendBarTM Apple Cinnamon Delight Bar
33±7
50
5
(ExtendBar, USA)
1474
ExtendBarTM Chocolate Delight Bar
41±6
50
7
(ExtendBar, USA)
1475
ExtendBarTM Peanut Delight Bar (ExtendBar, USA)
32±5
50
5
1476
Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
46
50
9
1477
Munch Peanut Butter bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
27±5
50
5
1478
Oat bar, made from oat flour and bran starch (Canada)9
59
50
14
1479
Peanut Butter Chocolate PalTM bar (Revival Soy®,
52±4
50
13
Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)8
1480
60% Whole Wheat Fig Fruit bar, President's
72±6
50
26
Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1481
Slimfast® Meal Options bar, rich chocolate brownie
64±13
50
21
(SlimFast Foods Co, West Palm Beach, USA)
1482
Snack bar, Apple Cinnamon (Con Agra Inc.,
40±8
50
12
Omaha, NE, USA)
1483
Snack bar, Peanut Butter and Choc-Chip
37±6
50
10
(Con Agra Inc., USA)
1484
Trim bar, Chocorama
31±3
50
4
(Aussie Bodies Pty. Ltd., Australia)
1485
Trim Bar, Mocha flavor (Aussie Bodies
25±3
50
3
Pty. Ltd., Australia)
Snickers Bar®
1486
Snickers Bar® (Mars Confectionery, Australia)
41±5
60
15
1487
Snickers Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)
43±4
60
15
1488
Snickers Bar® (M&M/Mars, USA)9
68
60
23
mean of three studies
51
60
18
Soy Joy Fruit & Soy Bar® (Otsuka Pharmaceutical
Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan)
1489
Apple Soy Joy Bar
19±2
30
2
1490
Apricot Soy Joy Bar
27±4
30
3
1491
Chocolate Orange Soy Joy Bar
41±7
30
5
1492
Mango Coconut Soy Joy Bar
28±2
30
3
1493
Plum + Fe Soy Joy Bar
25±3
30
3
1494
Plum + Folic acid Soy Joy Bar
27±2
30
3
1495
Raisin Almond Soy Joy Bar
28±4
30
3
1496
Sanzashi Soy Joy Bar
29±5
30
4
1497
Strawberry Soy Joy Bar
33±2
30
4
1498
SunshineTM soy protein chips, lightly salted8
87±8
50
23
(Revival Soy®,Physicians Pharmaceuticals, Inc., USA)
1499
Tropical fruit and nut mix (Finest, UK)
49±7
50
14
1500
TwistiesTM, cheese-flavored, extruded snack,
74±5
50
22
rice and corn (Smith's Snackfood Co., Australia)
1501
Twix® Cookie Bar, caramel (M&M/Mars, USA)
44±6
60
17
1502
Yummiees lollies (Allseps Pty. Ltd., Australia)
43±3
15
2
SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS
1503
Clif bar, Chocolate Brownie Energy bar
57±6
65
22
(Clif Bar Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1504
Performance Chocolate Energy bar (Power Bar, USA)
53±6
65
22
Power Bar® (Powerfood Inc., Berkeley, USA)
1505
Power Bar®, chocolate
58±5
65
24
1506
Power Bar®, chocolate9
53
65
22
1507
Ironman PR bar®, chocolate (PR Nutrition,
39
65
10
San Diego, CA, USA)9
SmartZone Nutrition Bar (Hershey's Food
Corporation, Hershey, PA, USA)
1508
SmartZone Chocolate flavor
11±4
50
2
1509
SmartZone Chocolate flavor
16±3
50
3
1510
SmartZone Crunchy Blueberry flavor
15±3
50
3
1511
SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Brownie flavor
23±5
50
4
1512
SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Caramel flavor
16±4
50
3
1513
SmartZone Crunchy Chocolate Peanut Butter flavor
14±3
50
3
1514
SmartZone Crunchy Key Lime flavor
14±3
50
3
1515
SmartZone Peanut Butter flavor
18±2
50
3
Snickers® Marathon Energy Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1516
Chewy Chocolate Peanut flavor
36±5
50
9
1517
Cookies & Creme flavor
50±4
50
14
1518
Multi Grain Crunch flavor
50±4
50
14
1519
Peanut Butter flavor
34±5
50
8
Snickers® Marathon Low Carb Lifestyle
Energy Bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
1520
Chocolate Fudge Brownie flavor
20±4
50
2
1521
Peanut Butter flavor
21±4
50
2
Snickers® Marathon Nutrition Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1522
Dark Chocolate Crunch flavor
49±6
25
5
1523
Honey & Roasted Almond flavor
41±3
25
4
Snickers® Marathon Protein Performance Bar
(M&M/Mars, USA)
1524
Caramel Nut Rush flavor
26±3
50
6
1525
Chocolate Nut Burst flavor
32±4
50
6
SoLo GI Nutrition Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
Alberta, Canada)
1526
SoLo GI Berry Bliss Nutrition bar
29±5
50
6
1527
SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Nutrition bar
28±2
50
6
1528
SoLo GI Lemon Lift Nutrition bar
29±5
50
6
1529
SoLo GI Mint Mania Nutrition bar
23±3
50
5
1530
SoLo GI Peanut Power Nutrition bar
27±4
50
5
SoLo GI Snack Bar (New Era Nutrition Inc,
Alberta, Canada)
1531
SoLo GI Berry Bliss Snack bar
29±5
25
3
1532
SoLo GI Chocolate Charger Snack bar
28±2
25
3
1533
SoLo GI Lemon Lift Snack bar
29±5
25
3
1534
SoLo GI Mint Mania Snack bar
23±3
25
2
1535
SoLo GI Peanut Power Snack bar
27±4
25
3
1536
VO2 Max Chocolate Energy bar (M&M/Mars, USA)
49±8
65
22
1537
ZonePerfect Nutrition bar, Double Chocolate flavor
44±7
50
8
(Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, USA)
SOUPS
1538
Barley Vegetable Instant soup, low-fat,
41±3
250
11
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1539
Carrot soup, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
35±4
250
5
Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1540
Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)24
46±6
250
8
1541
Chicken and mushroom soup (UK)24
69±14
250
13
1542
Chicken & Vegetable with wholegrain pasta, Country
43±3
250
5
Ladle® (Campbell's Soups, Homebush, NSW, Australia)8
1543
Garden vegetable soup with peppers and croutons,
20±2
250
5
SlimFast® (SlimFast Foods Ltd, Slough, Berks, UK)
1544
Indian Lentil Instant soup, low-fat,
62±7
250
12
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1545
Lentil, ready-to-serve, President's Choice® Blue
57±9
250
11
MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
Minestrone
1546
Minestrone, condensed, prepared with water
48±6
250
18
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1547
Minestrone, Traditional, Country Ladle®
39±3
250
7
(Campbell's Soups, Australia)8
1548
Minestrone & Pasta Instant soup, low-fat,
54±3
250
22
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
mean of three studies
47
250
15
1549
Mushroom Barley, ready-to-serve, President's Choice®
45±10
250
3
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1550
Pasta & Fagioli soup, ready-to-serve, President's
52±8
250
10
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1551
Pumpkin Soup, creamy, Heinz® Very SpecialTM, with
76±7
250
14
pumpkin, cream, potatoes (Heinz Wattie's Ltd, Australia)
1552
Spicy Black Bean Instant soup, low-fat, President's
57±5
250
18
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1553
Spicy Black Bean with Vegetables soup,
46±5
250
12
President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
(Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1554
Spicy Thai Instant soup, low-fat, President's Choice®
56±4
250
17
Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1555
Tomato soup, condensed, prepared with water
52±4
250
15
(Campbell's Soup Company, Camden, NJ, USA)
1556
Tomato & Herb, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
47±5
250
7
Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1557
Vegetable soup (UK)24
60±12
250
11
1558
Vegetable Couscous Instant soup, low-fat, President's
57±4
250
19
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1559
Vegetarian Chili Instant soup, low-fat, President's
36±4
250
10
Choice® Blue MenuTM (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
1560
Winter Squash, President's Choice® Blue MenuTM
41±4
250
5
Soupreme (Loblaw Brands Limited, Canada)
SUGARS AND SYRUPS
Blue Agave cactus nectar, high-fructose
1561
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 90% fructose
11±1
10
1
(Western Commerce Corp., City of Industry, CA, USA)8
1562
Organic Agave Cactus Nectar, light, 97% fructose
10±1
10
1
(Western Commerce Corp., USA)8
1563
Premium Agave nectar (Sweet Cactus Farms, USA)
19±4
10
2
mean of three studies
13
10
1
Fructose
1564
25 g portion (Sweeten Less, Maximum Nutrition Inc.,
11
10
1
Toronto, Canada)8
1565
50 g portion (Sweeten Less, Canada)
12
10
1
1566
50 g portion (China)
23±1
10
2
mean of three studies
15
10
2
Glucose
1567
50 g portion (dextrose)
96
10
10
1568
50 g portion (Bio-Health, Dawson Traders Ltd.,
96
10
10
Toronto, Canada)
1569
50 g portion (Canada)
100
10
10
1570
50 g portion (GlucodinTM glucose tablets, Boots,
102±9
10
10
North Ryde, NSW, Australia)
1571
25 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)8
103
10
10
1572
50 g portion (dextrose)
111
10
11
1573
100 g portion (Bio-Health, Canada)8
114
10
11
mean of seven studies
103±3
10
10
Glucose consumed with American ginseng
(Panax quinquefolius L.)
1574
25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min before
76
10
8
3 g dried ginseng8,27
Glucose consumed with gum/fiber
1575
46 g Glucose + 15 g apple and orange fiber extract
79±3
10
6
(FITA, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
(total carbohydrate content of drink = 50 g)
1576
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g guar gum
62
10
6
1577
50 g Glucose + 14.5 g oat gum (78% oat β-glucan)
57
10
6
1578
100 g Glucose + 20 g acacia gum15,28
85
10
9
1579
75 g Glucose + 4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14
86
10
9
1580
Golden Syrup (Australia)
63±6
25
13
Honey
1581
Yellow box (46% fructose) (Australia)8
35±4
25
6
1582
Stringy Bark (52% fructose) (Australia)8
44±4
25
9
1583
Red Gum (35% fructose) (Australia)8
46±3
25
8
1584
Iron Bark (34% fructose) (Australia)8
48±3
25
7
1585
Capilano Premium Honey, blend of eucalypt & floral
51±3
25
11
honeys (Capilano Honey Limited, QLD, Australia)
1586
Yapunya (42 % fructose) (Australia)8
52±5
25
9
1587
Pure (Capilano Honey Ltd., Richlands, Qld, Australia)
58±6
25
12
1588
Leabrook Farms Yellow box honey
60±4
25
13
(Spring Gully Foods Pty Ltd, SA, Australia)
1589
Commercial Blend (38% fructose) (WA blend,
62±3
25
11
Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)8
1590
Salvation Jane (32% fructose) (Australia)8
64±5
25
10
1591
Clover honey, ratio of fructose: glucose, 1.09
69±8
25
15
(Vazza Farms, Hermiston, OR, USA)
1592
Commercial Blend (28% fructose) (NSW blend,
72±6
25
9
Capilano Honey Ltd., Australia)8
1593
Buckwheat honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.12
73±6
25
16
(Vazza Farms, USA)
1594
Cotton honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.03
74±7
25
16
(Gene Brandi Apiaries, Los Banos, CA, USA)
1595
Honey, NS type (China)
74±4
25
16
1596
Tupelo honey, ratio of fructose:glucose, 1.54
74±8
25
16
(Tropical Blossom Honey Co, Edgewater, FL, USA)
1597
Honey, NS (Canada)8
87±8
25
18
mean of seventeen types of honey
61±3
25
12
Lactose
1598
50 g portion (China)
46±1
10
5
1599
25 g portion (BDH, Poole, UK)8
48
10
5
Maltose
1600
50 g portion (Canada)
105±12
10
11
1601
50 g portion (China)
105±2
10
11
1602
Maple flavored syrup (Cottee's Foods, Australia)
68±5
25
15
1603
Maple syrup, pure Canadian (Queen Foods, Australia)
54±6
25
10
Sucrose
1604
50 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Toronto, Canada)
58
10
6
1605
50 g portion (Japan)
60
10
6
1606
25 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)8
60
10
6
1607
50 g portion (South Africa)
65±9
10
7
1608
100 g portion (Redpath Sugars, Canada)15
65
10
7
1609
50 g portion (China)
84±4
10
8
mean of six studies
65±4
10
7
VEGETABLES
1610
Broad beans, frozen, reheated in microwave
63±9
80
3
(Logan Farm Pty Ltd, Australia)8
Green peas
1611
Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)8
51±6
80
4
1612
Pea, green (Pisum Sativum) (India)14
54±14
80
4
Pumpkin
1613
Butternut pumpkin, boiled (Australia)8
51±6
80
3
1614
Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata), peeled, cubed,
66±4
80
12
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1615
Pumpkin, boiled in salted water (South Africa)
75±9
80
3
mean of three studies
64
80
6
Sweet corn
1616
Sweet corn, 'Honey & Pearl' variety (New Zealand)
37±12
80
6
1617
Sweet corn on the cob, boiled 20 min
48
80
8
(Sydney, Australia)
1618
Sweet corn (China)
55±2
80
9
1619
Sweet corn, boiled (USA)
60
80
11
1620
Sweet corn (South Africa)
62±5
80
11
mean of five studies
52±5
80
9
Root vegetables
Carrots
1621
Carrots, raw, diced (Australia)
35±5
80
2
1622
Carrots, raw, ground (Australia)
39±1
80
2
1623
Carrots, peeled, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)8
33±5
80
2
1624
Carrots, peeled, diced boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)8
49±2
80
2
mean of four studies
39±4
80
2
1625
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min,
94±11
120
36
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1626
Parsnips, peeled, boiled (Australia)8
52±5
80
4
Potato
Baked potato
1627
Potato, white with skin, baked (UK)
69±5
150
19
1628
Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled,
83±6
150
25
baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1629
Pontiac, peeled and baked (Australia)
93±11
150
17
1630
Potato, white without skin, baked (UK)
98±8
150
26
mean of four foods
86±6
150
22
Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
1631
Russet, baked without fat (USA)
111
150
33
Boiled potato
1632
Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min (Sweden)
78
150
20
1633
Asterix, peeled, boiled 30 min, served with 15.4 g
92
150
24
sunflower oil (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden)
1634
Charlotte, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)
66±5
150
15
1635
Charlotte, boiled (UK)
81±11
150
19
1636
Desiree, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)
101±15
150
17
1637
Estima, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)
66±5
150
17
1638
Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, cubed,
59±4
150
19
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1639
King Edward potato, peeled, quartered,
75±10
150
21
boiled 15 min in unsalted water (UK)
1640
Marfona potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min
56±3
150
18
in unsalted water (UK)
1641
Maris Piper potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min
85±4
150
25
in unsalted water (UK)
1642
Nicola potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min (UK)
59±7
150
9
1643
Nicola potato, unpeeled, boiled whole for 15 min
58±3
150
9
(Australia)
1644
Pontiac, peeled, boiled whole for 30 min (Australia)
56
150
14
1645
Pontiac, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)
88±9
150
16
1646
Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min (Sweden)
118
150
24
1647
Sebago, peeled, boiled 35 min (Australia)
87±7
150
14
Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
1648
Type NS, boiled (China)
66±1
150
13
1649
Type NS, boiled in salted water (India)
76
150
26
1650
Red potatoes, boiled with skin on in salted water
89±7
150
19
for 12 min (Canada)
1651
Potato, white, boiled (UK)
96±10
150
24
mean of four studies
82±7
150
21
Boiled potato cooked then cooled
1652
Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h,
88
150
18
consumed cold (Sweden)
1653
Sava, peeled, boiled 21-30 min, refrigerated 24 h,
67
150
13
consumed cold with white vinegar (28 g)
and olive oil (8 g) (Sweden)
1654
Type NS, boiled in salted water, refrigerated,
23
150
8
reheated (India)
1655
Potato, red, cubed, boiled in salted water 12 min,
56±5
150
12
stored overnight in refrigerator, consumed cold
(Canada)
Canned potatoes
1656
New, canned, heated in microwave 3 min (Mint Tiny
65±9
150
12
TatersTM, Edgell'sTM brand, Cheltenham, Australia)
French Fries
1657
French fries (Ica Handlarna, Solna, Sweden),
54
150
16
baked at 250oC for 9 min
1658
French Fries, baked 15 min (OreIda Golden Fries,
64±6
150
21
H.J. Heinz Co, Pittsburgh, PA, USA)
1659
Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled, fried in
70±6
150
21
vegetable oil (Jamaica)
Instant Mashed potato
1660
Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)
79±7
150
16
1661
Instant (Canada)
80±13
150
16
1662
Instant (Edgell's Potato Whip, Edgell's, Australia)
86
150
17
1663
Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)
88±8
150
18
1664
Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA),
92±4
150
18
prepared with water
1665
Instant (Idahoan Foods, Lewisville, ID, USA)
97±6
150
19
mean of six studies
87±3
150
17
Instant mashed potato consumed with added fat
1666
Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)
71±10
150
17
consumed with 30 g Sunola oil (80% MUFA oil)
1667
Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)
74±10
150
18
consumed with 36.5 g butter (69% saturated fat)
1668
Mashed potato, instant (Farmland, Australia)
68±8
150
17
consumed with 30 g sunflower oil (64% PUFA oil)
Mashed potato
1669
Type NS (South Africa)
71±10
150
14
1670
Type NS (China)
73±3
150
15
1671
Type NS (France)
83
150
17
mean of three studies
76
150
15
1672
Desiree potato, mashed (UK)
102±13
150
26
1673
Pontiac, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min, mashed
91±9
150
18
(Australia)
Microwaved potato
1674
Estima, microwaved 6 min then baked 10 min (UK)
93±8
150
24
1675
Pontiac, peeled and microwave on high
79±9
150
14
for 6-7.5 min (Australia)
1676
Prince Edward Island white potato, cooked in
73±5
150
15
microwave for 18 min (Canada)
1677
Russet Burbank potato, unpeeled, cooked in
77±9
150
19
microwave for 18 min (Canada)
New Potato
1678
New (Canada)
70±8
150
12
1679
New, unpeeled and boiled 20 min (Australia)
78±12
150
16
1680
New potato, boiled (UK)
80±15
150
18
mean of three studies
76
150
16
Steamed potato
1681
Potato, NS type, steamed (China)
62±2
150
12
1682
Potato (Solanum Tuberosum), peeled, steamed 1 h
65±11
150
18
(India)14
1683
California white potatoes, cubed,
72±8
150
14
roasted in soybean oil (Canada)
Sweet potato, cooked
1684
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), boiled(Australia)
44
150
11
1685
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, cubed,
46±5
150
15
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1686
Sweet potato, orange flesh, peeled, cut into pieces,
61±6
150
11
boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
1687
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)
77±12
150
19
1688
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled,
94±8
150
42
baked 45 min (Jamaica)
1689
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled,
76±7
150
34
fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1690
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), peeled, roasted
82±5
150
37
on preheated charcoal (Jamaica)
1691
Sweet potato, orange (China)
77±4
150
16
1692
Sweet potato, purple skin white flesh, peeled,
75±5
150
22
cut into pieces, boiled for 8 min (Australia) (2006)
mean of nine studies
70±6
150
22
Tapioca
1693
Tapioca (Manihot Utilissima), steamed 1 h (India)14
70±10
250
12
Taro
1694
Taro (China)
48±5
150
4
1695
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)
54
150
4
1696
Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
56±12
150
4
mean of three studies
53
150
4
Yam
1697
Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
35±5
150
13
1698
Yam (China)
54±2
150
19
1699
Yam, steamed (China)
51±4
150
18
1700
Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled (Nigeria)11,14
74
150
28
mean of four studies
54±8
150
20
1701
Yam (Dioscorea spp.), boiled, consumed with
74
150
28
4.24 g salt (Nigeria)11,14
1702
Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed,
61±5
150
28
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
Yam, Lucea (Dioscorea rotundata)
1703
Lucea Yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 (Jamaica)
74±7
150
20
1704
Lucea Yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
77±5
150
29
(Jamaica)
Yam, Negro (Dioscorea rotundata)
1705
Negro yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
73±4
150
23
1706
Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
73±6
150
28
(Jamaica)
Yam, Round leaf yellow (Dioscorea cayenensis)
1707
Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min
68±3
150
23
(Jamaica)
1708
Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated
80±7
150
32
charcoal (Jamaica)
Yam, Sweet (Dioscorea alata)
1709
Sweet yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
79±4
150
20
1710
Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
82±7
150
32
(Jamaica)
Yam, White (Dioscorea alata)
1711
White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
75±6
150
24
1712
White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
80±6
150
28
(Jamaica)
INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS OF
DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
AFRICAN
1713
Brown beans (South Africa)
24±8
50 (dry)
6
1714
FooFoo corn (Zea mays) and ndole (vegetable soup)14
34
-
-
(Cameroon)
1715
Ga kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal (Zea mays)
12±1
150
7
eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1716
Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima)
56±3
100
15
eaten with fish, tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1717
Gram dhal soaked overnight, cooked in salted water
5±3
50 (dry)
1
(South Africa)
1718
Kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) stew and plantain14
48
-
-
(Musa paradisiaca) (Cameroon)
1719
Koki beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and cassava14
52
-
-
(Manihot esculenta) (Cameroon)
1720
Maize meal porridge, unrefined,
71±6
50 (dry)
25
maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1721
Maize meal porridge, refined,
74±7
50 (dry)
30
maize-meal:water = 1:3 (South Africa)
1722
M'fino/Morogo, wild greens (South Africa)
68±8
120
34
1723
Rice (Oriza sativa) and tomato soup (Cameroon)14
46
-
-
1724
Unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca) eaten with fish,
40±4
120 (raw)
13
tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1725
White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled, eaten with fish,
34±3
150
14
tomato and onion sauce (Ghana)
1726
Yam (Dyscoria species) eaten with fish, tomato
66
150
24
and onion sauce (Ghana)
1727
Yam (Dioscorea species) and groundnut14
50
-
-
(Arachis hypogaea) soup (Cameroon)
ARABIC AND TURKISH
1728
Dates, Khalas (Rutab, soft early ripened) (90 g),
37±5
215
19
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1729
Dates, Khalas (Tamer, dark brown commercial) (60 g),
29±4
185
15
eaten with full-fat plain yoghurt (125 g)
(United Arab Emirates)
1730
Hummus (chickpea salad dip)
6±4
30
0
1731
Lebanese bread (white, unleaved), hummus,
86±12
120
39
falafel and tabbouleh
1732
Stuffed grapevine leaves (rice and lamb stuffing
30±11
100
5
with tomato sauce)
ASIAN
1733
Broken rice, white, cooked in rice cooker
86±8
150
37
(Lion foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1734
Butter rice, warm white rice and butter (Japan)
79
150
40
1735
Curry rice (Japan)
67
150
41
1736
Curry rice with cheese (Japan)
55
150
27
1737
Glutaminous rice flour, instant, served warm with
65
100
27
roasted ground soybean (Japan)
1738
Glutinous rice, white, cooked in rice cooker
94±6
150
31
(Bangsue Chia Meng Rice Co., Bangkok, Thailand)
1739
Glutinous rice, type NS (Esubi Shokuhin, Japan)
86
150
56
1740
Glutinous rice ball with cut glutinous cake
48
75
13
(mochi) (Japan)
1741
Glutinous rice cake with dried sea algae (Japan)
83
75
32
1742
Jasmine rice, white, cooked in rice cooker
109±10
150
46
(Golden World Foods, Bangkok, Thailand)
1743
Lotus root powder (China)
33±6
15
3
1744
Low-protein white rice with dried sea algae (Japan)
70
150
42
1745
Lychee, canned in syrup, drained
79±8
120
16
(Narcissus brand, China)
1746
Mung bean noodles, dried, boiled (China)
39±9
180
18
1747
Non-glutaminous rice flour, served warm with drink
68
100
34
(Yamato Nousan, Japan)
1748
Rice cracker, plain (Sakada, Japan)
91
30
23
1749
Rice gruel with dried algae (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)
81
250
15
1750
Rice noodles, dried, boiled (Thai World,
61±6
180
23
Bangkok, Thailand)
1751
Rice noodles, fresh, boiled (Sydney, NSW, Australia)
40±4
180
15
1752
Roasted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)
77
75
21
1753
Salted rice ball (Satou Co Ltd., Japan)
80
75
21
1754
Soba noodles, instant, reheated in hot water,
46
180
22
served with soup (Japan)
1755
Sushi, salmon ('I Love Sushi', Sydney, Australia)8
48±8
100
17
1756
Sushi, roasted sea algae, vinegar and rice (Japan)
55
100
20
1757
Udon noodles, fresh, reheated (Fantastic brand,
62±8
180
30
Windsor Gardens, SA, Australia)8
1758
Udon noodles, instant, with sauce and fried
48
180
23
bean curd (Nishin Shokuhin, Japan)
1759
White rice, dried sea algae and milk,
57
300
27
eaten together (Japan)
1760
White rice, dried sea algae and milk
56
300
26
(milk eaten before rice) (Japan)
1761
White rice, dried sea algae and milk
55
300
26
(milk eaten after rice) (Japan)
mean of three types
56
300
26
1762
White rice with dried fish strip (okaka) (Japan)
79
150
40
1763
White rice with fermented soybean (natto) (Japan)
56
150
24
1764
White rice with instant miso soup
61
150
29
(soybean paste soup) (Japan)
1765
White rice with low-fat milk (Japan)
69
300
32
1766
White rice and non-sugar yoghurt (yoghurt eaten
59
150
19
before rice) (Japan)
1767
White rice and non-sugar yoghurt eaten
58
150
19
together (Japan)
1768
White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber
63
150
27
(pickled food eaten before rice) (Japan)
1769
White rice with pickled vinegar and cucumber
61
150
26
(pickled food eaten with rice) (Japan)
1770
White rice topped with raw egg and soy sauce (Japan)
72
150
26
1771
White rice with roasted ground soybean (Japan)
56
150
29
1772
White rice with salted dried plum (umeboshi) (Japan)
80
150
39
1773
White rice with sea algae rolled in sheet of toasted
77
150
39
sea algae (Japan)
ASIAN INDIAN
1774
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as
49
75 (dry)
25
roasted bread made from bajra flour
1775
Banana, (Musa sapientum), Nendra variety,
70±11
120
31
unripe, steamed 1 h14
1776
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
48
150
16
1777
Bengal gram dhal, chickpea
11
150
4
1778
Black gram, (Phaseolus mungo), soaked 12 h,
43±10
150
8
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
Chapatti
1779
Chapatti, bajra
49
-
-
1780
Chapatti, barley
48
-
-
1781
Chapatti, maize (Zea mays)
59
-
-
1782
Chapatti, flour from malted wheat, moth bean
66±9
60
25
(Phaseolus aconitifolius) and bengal gram
(Cicer arietinum)
1783
Chapatti, flour made from popped wheat, moth bean
40±8
60
14
and bengal gram
1784
Chapatti, flour from roller dried wheat, moth bean
60±9
60
23
and bengal gram
1785
Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram
44±3
200
22
(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
Cheela (thin savoury pancake made from legume
flour batter)
1786
Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum)
42±1
150
12
1787
Cheela, bengal gram (Cicer arietinum),
36±1
150
10
fermented batter
1788
Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus)
45±1
150
12
1789
Cheela, green gram (Phaseolus aureus),
38±1
150
10
fermented batter
1790
Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground,
55±2
150
22
fermented and fried) with chutney
1791
Green gram, (Phaseolus aureus), soaked 12 h,
38±14
150
6
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1792
Horse gram, (Dolichos biflorus) soaked 12 h,
51±11
150
15
stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1793
Idli (parboiled and raw rice with black dhal, soaked,
60±2
250
31
ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
1794
Lentil and cauliflower curry with rice (Australia)
60±10
360
31
1795
Millet/Ragi, (Eleucine coracana), dehusked,
68±10
150
23
soaked 12 h, stored moist 24 h, steamed 1 h14
1796
Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal,
45±2
250
35
pressure cooked)
1797
Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with
57±1
150
28
potato palya (mashed potato)
1798
Porridge, made from scoured wheat, consumed with
39
100
23
Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1799
Porridge, made from decorticated finger millet, eaten
65
100
44
with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1800
Porridge, made from popped rice (aralu), consumed
76
100
52
with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1801
Porridge, made from expanded rice (puri), consumed
74
100
47
with Bengal gram, green gram and black gram
1802
Rajmah, Phaseolus vulgaris (India)
19
150
6
1803
Tapioca (Manihot utilissima), steamed 1h14
70±10
250
12
1804
Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)
69±4
150
28
AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL
1805
Acacia aneura (mulga seed) roasted,
8
50
1
wet ground to paste8
1806
Acacia coriacea, desert oat seed bread8
46
75
11
1807
Araucaria bidwillii (bunya tree nut), baked 10 min8
47
50
7
1808
Bush honey, sugar bag8
43
30
11
1809
Castanospermum austral (blackbean seed), sliced,
8
50
1
soaked 1 wk, pounded and baked8
1810
Dioscorea bulbifera (cheeky yam), peeled, sliced,
34
150
12
soaked 2 d, baked 15 min8
1811
Macrozamia communis (cycad palm seed), sliced,
40±2
50
10
soaked 1 wk, pounded, baked8
PACIFIC ISLANDERS
1812
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) (Australia)8
68
120
18
Banana/plantain, green
1813
Green banana, boiled (New Zealand)
38±10
120
8
1814
Plantain (Musa AAB) (Fiji)
68±6
120
21
1815
Roti/chappati (Fiji)
59±5
60
16
Sweet Potato
1816
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) (Australia)
44
150
11
1817
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)
77±12
150
19
1818
Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) (Fiji)
63±5
150
23
Taro
1819
Taro (Colocasia esculenta) peeled, boiled (Australia)
54
150
4
1820
Taro, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
56±12
150
4
1821
Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
35±5
150
13
PIMA INDIAN
1822
Acorns (Quercus emoryi, stewed with venison8
16±1
100
1
1823
Cactus jam (Stenocereus thurberi)
91
30
18
1824
Corn hominy (Zea mays)8
40±5
150
12
1825
Fruit Leather (Stenocereus thurberi)
70
30
17
1826
Lima beans broth (Phaseolus lunatus)8
36±3
250
12
1827
Tortilla (Zea mays and Olneya tesota)
38
60
9
1828
White teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)8
31±3
250
10
1829
Yellow teparies broth (Phaseolus acutifolius)8
29±3
250
8
SOUTH AMERICAN
1830
Arepa, corn bread cake, made with corn flour (Mexico)14
72
100
31
1831
Arepa, made from ordinary dehulled dent corn flour12,31
81
100
35
(25% amylose)
1832
Arepa, made from dehulled high-amylose
44
100
11
(70%) corn flour12,31
1833
Arepa, made from white corn meal flour (Venezuela)
54
100
19
1834
Arepa, made from white corn meal flour, supplemented
60
100
19
with 20% stabilised rice bran (Venezuela)
1835
Corn tortilla (Mexico)
52
50
12
1836
Corn tortilla, served with refried mashed pinto beans
39
100
9
and tomato sauce (Mexico)
1837
Corn tortilla, fried, with mashed potato, fresh tomato
78
100
11
and lettuce (Mexico)
1838
Ground beef served with rice and an orange (Chile)
31±9
300
24
1839
Lentil soup, pureed consumed with an orange (Chile)
49±9
300
16
1840
Pinhao, Brazilian Parana Pine seeds (Araucaria
47
50
8
angustifolia) with coat, cooked for 1.5 h
in 1 L of water (Brazil)
1841
Pinhao, without coat, cooked for 1h in 1L of water
43
50
8
(Brazil)
1842
Pinto beans, boiled in salted water (Mexico)
14
150
4
1843
Spaghetti served with beef tomato sauce
42±7
300
21
and an orange (Chile)
1844
Spaghetti served with pressure-cooked white beans
77±14
300
25
and an orange (Chile)
1845
Wheat tortilla (Mexico)
30
50
8
1846
Wheat tortilla served with refried pinto beans and
28
100
5
tomato sauce (Mexico)
WEST INDIAN/CARIBBEAN
1847
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis), peeled, boiled 26 min,
60±9
120
17
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
1848
Cassava (Manihot esculenta), peeled, boiled 30 min,
94±11
120
36
frozen, thawed and reheated for 1 min
Dasheen (Colocasia esculenta)
1849
Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated,
77±10
150
44
reheated for 1 min
1850
Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated,
66±6
150
38
reheated for 1 min
1851
Dasheen, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),
75±12
150
43
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1852
Dasheen, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
72±5
150
19
mean of four foods
73±2
150
36
1853
Eddoe (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum),
61±10
150
21
peeled, boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
Green banana/plantain (Musa sapientum)
1854
Green banana, peeled, boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
37±5
120
10
1855
Green banana, peeled, fried in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
35±3
120
11
1856
Green banana/plantain, boiled 23 min, frozen,
65±11
120
17
thawed and reheated for 1 min
1857
Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled,
39±4
120
9
boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1858
Green plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried
40±3
120
14
in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1859
Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled,
66±2
120
13
boiled 10 min (Jamaica)
1860
Ripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca), peeled, fried
90±6
120
26
in vegetable oil (Jamaica)
1861
Irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), peeled,
71±8
150
35
boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1862
Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed
66±7
150
33
1863
Irish potato, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),
66±10
150
33
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
mean of three foods
68
150
34
1864
Sadha roti (leavened wheat-based bread)
65±9
-
-
1865
Tannia (Xanthosoma sagittifolium), peeled,
60±5
150
33
boiled 30 min, refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1866
Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, crushed, refrigerated,
52±5
150
29
reheated for 1 min
1867
Tannia, peeled, boiled 30 min, uncrushed (whole),
50±8
150
28
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
mean of three foods
54
150
30
Yam
1868
Coco yam (Xanthosoma spp.), peeled, cubed,
61±5
150
28
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1869
Lucea yam (Dioscorea rotunda), peeled, cubed,
74±7
150
20
boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1870
Lucea yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
77±5
150
29
(Jamaica)
1871
Negro yam (Dioscorea rotundata), peeled, cubed,
73±4
150
23
boiled 30 (Jamaica)
1872
Negro yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
73±6
150
28
(Jamaica)
1873
Round leaf yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis),
68±3
150
23
peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1874
Round leaf yellow yam, peeled, roasted on preheated
80±7
150
32
charcoal (Jamaica)
1875
Sweet yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, cubed,
79±4
150
20
boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
1876
Sweet yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
82±7
150
32
(Jamaica)
1877
White yam (Dioscorea alata), peeled, boiled 30 min,
62±6
150
15
refrigerated, reheated for 1 min
1878
White yam, peeled, cubed, boiled 30 min (Jamaica)
75±6
150
24
1879
White yam, peeled, roasted on preheated charcoal
80±6
150
28
(Jamaica)
Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless otherwise specified.
2. Mean ± SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the reference food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
5. Glycemic Index Laboratories, Inc. (Toronto, Canada), unpublished observations, 2004 - 2007.
6. International Diabetes Institute (Melbourne, Australia), unpublished observations, 2006 - 2007.
7. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 10 g carbohydrate.
8. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
9. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
10. V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 1996-2000.
11. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI calculated by using a mathematical formula based on results from an in vitro starch hydrolysis assay.
13. White rice was used as the reference food, but glucose was also tested and had a GI of 122. The observed GI was multiplied by 100 and then divided by 122 to convert it to a GI on the glucose scale (ie, glucose = reference food with a GI of 100).
14. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.
15. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate.
16. B Spratt (George Westons Foods, Australia), unpublished observations, 2007.
17. Values based on 0.5 g carbohydrate/kg body weight.
18. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 70 g carbohydrate.
19. Glycemic Index Symbol Program: http://www.gisymbol.com.au; Accessed 30 August 2007.
20. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 180 min for only 4 time points (0, 60, 120 and 180 min).
21. J Dzieniszewski, J Ciok (National Food and Nutrition Institute, Poland), unpublished observations, 1996-2001.
22. J Brand-Miller, S Holt (University of Sydney, Australia), and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, Le Plessis-Robinson, France), unpublished observations, 2000-2001.
23. C Dalaudier (Nairn's Oatcakes Ltd, Scotland), unpublished observations, 2007.
24. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate.
25. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate.
26. Potato used as the reference food with a GI fixed at 80. The GI of the test food was calculated by expressing the test food's glucose AUC value as a percentage of the potato's AUC value.
27. GI calculated from the 90 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
28. GI calculated from the 150 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
29. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 120 min for only 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).
30. GI included in original article determined from AUC measured 240 min for only 6 time points (0, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min).
31. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 45 g carbohydrate.
32. Ordinary corn flour arepa was used as the reference food.
Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) values determined in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, small subject numbers or values showing wide variability: 2008
Food Number and Item
GI2
Serve
GL3
(Glucose
Size
per
= 100)
g
serve
BAKERY PRODUCTS
Cakes
1880
Angel food cake (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)
67
50
19
1881
Carrot cake, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)
39
60
9
1882
Pound cake (Sara Lee Canada, Bramalea, Canada)
54
53
15
1883
Sponge cake, plain (Canada)
46±6
63
17
1884
Croissant (Food City, Toronto, Canada)
67
57
17
1885
Crumpet (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd.,
69
50
13
Etobicoke, Canada)
1886
Doughnut, cake type (Loblaw's, Canada)
76
47
17
1887
Flan cake (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)
65
70
31
Muffins
1888
Blueberry muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada)
59
57
17
1889
Bran muffin (Culinar Inc., Grandma Martin's Muffins,
60
57
14
Aurora, Canada)
1890
Carrot muffin (Culinar Inc., Canada)
62
57
20
1891
Corn muffin, low-amylose4
102
57
30
1892
Corn muffin, high-amylose4
49
57
14
1893
Oatmeal, muffin, made from mix (Quaker Oats Co.
69
50
24
of Canada, Peterborough, Canada)
Pancakes
1894
Pancakes, prepared with coconut flour (Philippines)
51
80
11
1895
Pan de sal (sweet bread roll), containing coconut
68
80
24
flour (Philippines)
1896
Pastry (Canada)
59±6
57
15
1897
Waffles, Aunt Jemima (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada)
76
35
10
BEVERAGES
1898
Lucozade®, original (sparkling glucose drink)
95±10
250 mL
40
(Glaxo Wellcome Ltd., Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK)
Sports drinks
1899
Allsport®, orange (PepsiCo Inc., Somers, NY, USA)
53±4
250 mL
11
1900
Cytomax®, orange (Cytosport, Concordia, CA, USA)
62±7
250 mL
7
1901
Gatorade®, orange flavor, US formula
89±12
250 mL
13
(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1902
GatorLode®, orange flavor
100±9
250 mL
51
(Gatorade, Chicago, IL, USA)
1903
Poweraid®, orange (Coca-Cola Company,
65±5
250 mL
13
Atlanta, GA, USA)
1904
XLR8®, orange flavor (Softpac Industries Inc.,
68±7
250 mL
9
Plymouth, Minn, USA)
BREADS
1905
Bagel, white, frozen (Lender's Bakery, Montreal, Canada)
72
70
25
Baguette, white
1906
Baguette, white, plain (France)
95±15
30
14
1907
Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour,
83±6
30
15
ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1908
Classic French baguette (prepared with wheat flour,
78±17
30
14
ascorbic acid, water, salt & 50 g yeast) (France)
1909
French bread, fermented with leaven (France)
80±18
30
13
1910
French bread, fermented with yeast (France)
81±35
30
13
1911
Traditional French baguette (prepared with wheat
69±5
30
12
flour, water, salt and 20 g yeast) (France)
1912
Bread stuffing, Paxo (Campbell Soup Co Ltd.,
74
30
16
Toronto, Canada)
Barley Breads
1913
Coarse barley kernel bread, 75% kernels
27
30
5
1914
Barley kernel bread, 50% kernels (Canada)
43
30
9
1915
Barley flour bread, 100% barley flour (Canada)
67
30
9
1916
Hamburger bun (Loblaw's, Toronto, Canada)
61
30
9
1917
Kaiser rolls (Loblaw's, Canada)
73
30
12
1918
Melba toast, Old London (Best Foods Canada Inc.,
70
30
16
Etobicoke, Canada)
Gluten-free bread
1919
Gluten-free white bread, unsliced
71
30
11
(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1920
Gluten-free white bread, sliced
80
30
12
(gluten-free wheat starch) (UK)
1921
Gluten-free fiber-enriched, unsliced (gluten-free
69
30
9
wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
1922
Gluten-free fiber-enriched, sliced (gluten-free
76
30
10
wheat starch, soya bran) (UK)
Rye kernel (pumpernickel) bread
1923
Rye kernel bread (Pumpernickel) (Canada)
41
30
5
1924
Wholegrain pumpernickel (Holtzheuser Brothers Ltd.,
46
30
5
Toronto, Canada)
1925
Wholemeal rye bread (75% rye flour with 25% cracked
54
30
7
rye grains) (Schilstad bread, Aarhus, Denmark)
1926
Rye kernel bread, Pumpernickel (80% kernels) (Canada)
55
30
7
1927
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products,
55
30
7
Toronto, Canada)
1928
Pumpernickel bread (Canada)
56
30
7
1929
Cocktail, sliced (Kasselar Food Products, Canada)
62
30
8
mean of seven studies
53±3
30
6
Wholemeal rye bread
1930
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)
41
30
6
1931
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)
62
30
9
1932
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)
63
30
9
1933
Wholemeal rye bread (Canada)
66
30
9
mean of four studies
58±6
30
8
Specialty rye breads
1934
Bürgen® Dark/Swiss rye (Tip Top Bakeries, Australia)
74±6
30
7
1935
Klosterbrot wholemeal rye bread
67
30
9
(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
1936
Light rye (Silverstein's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)
68
30
10
1937
Linseed rye (Rudolph's Specialty Bakery Ltd.,
55
30
7
Toronto, Canada)
1938
Sourdough rye (Canada)
57
30
7
1939
Volkornbrot, wholemeal rye bread
56
30
7
(Dimpflmeier Bakery Ltd., Canada)
Wheat Breads
Cracked wheat kernel (bulgur) bread
1940
50% cracked wheat kernel (Canada)
58
30
12
1941
75% cracked wheat kernels (Canada)
48
30
10
White wheat flour bread
1942
White flour (USA)5
70
30
10
1943
White flour (Dempster's Corporate Foods Ltd., Canada)
71
30
10
1944
White flour (Canada)
71
30
10
1945
White flour (Israel)
78±5
30
12
mean of four studies
73±2
30
10
1946
White wheat flour bread, hard, toasted (Italy)
73
30
11
1947
White Turkish bread (Turkey)
87
30
15
White bread, fiber-enriched
1948
White, high-fiber (Dempster's Corporate
67
30
9
Foods Ltd., Canada)
1949
White, high-fiber (Weston's Bakery, Toronto, Canada)
69
30
9
White bread with enzyme inhibitors
1950
White bread + acarbose (200 mg) (Mexico)
18
30
3
1951
White bread roll + 3 mg trestatin (pancreatic
48
30
6
alpha-amylase inhibitor) (Switzerland)6,7
1952
White bread roll + 6 mg trestatin (Switzerland)6,7
29
30
3
White bread with soluble fiber
1953
White bread + 15 g psyllium fiber (Plantago psyllium)
41
30
7
(Mexico)
White bread with Sunfibre (Cyamoposis
tetragonolobus) (Indian cluster guar beans)
1954
White bread with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
53
30
8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1955
White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
49
30
8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Yokaichi Mie, Japan)
1956
White bread with 10 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
47
30
8
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1957
White bread with 15 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
37
30
6
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
1958
White bread with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 2
39
30
6
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan), viscosity 2
White bread consumed with fiber drink
1959
White bread consumed with 5 g Sunfibre (Taiyo
46
-
-
Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water
1960
White bread consumed with 10 g Sunfibre (Taiyo
41
-
-
Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan) dissolved in 250 mL water
1961
White bread consumed with 10 g insoluble dextrin
48
-
-
(Matsutani Chemical Industry Co. Ltd, Japan)
in 250 mL water
1962
White bread with 10 g inulin (Orafti, Tienen, Belgium)
46
-
-
in 250 mL water
Wholemeal (whole wheat) wheat flour bread
1963
Wholemeal flour (Canada)3
52
30
6
1964
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
64
30
8
1965
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
65
30
8
1966
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
67
30
8
1967
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
67
30
8
1968
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
69
30
8
1969
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
69
30
8
1970
Wholemeal flour (Canada)
71
30
9
1971
Wholemeal flour (Denmark)6,7
71
30
10
1972
Wholemeal flour (USA)4
73
30
10
1973
Wholemeal flour (Kenya)
87
30
11
mean of eleven studies
69± 2
30
9
1974
Wholemeal Turkish bread
49
30
8
Specialty wheat breads
1975
Bürgen® Mixed Grain (Tip Top Bakeries,
69±6
30
8
Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
1976
MolenbergTM (Goodman Fielder, New Zealand)
84±8
30
12
1977
Multigrain loaf, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
65
30
8
1978
Semolina bread (Kenya)5
64
-
-
1979
Whole-wheat snack bread (Ryvita Co Ltd.,
74
30
16
Poole, Dorset, UK)
1980
Middle Eastern flatbread
97±29
30
15
1981
Pita bread, white (Canada)
57
30
10
1982
Pita bread, white (Sainsbury's, UK)
67±16
30
10
1983
Pita bread, white (Value, UK)
69±20
30
10
1984
Wheat flour flatbread (India)
66±9
30
11
1985
Amaranth : wheat (25:75) flour flatbread (India)
66±10
30
10
1986
Amaranth : wheat (50:50) flour flatbread (India)
76±20
30
11
BREAKFAST CEREALS
1987
All-BranTM, high-fiber, extruded wheat bran cereal
50
30
12
(Kellogg's Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)
1988
Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,
97±19
30
18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
1989
Bran BudsTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9
58
30
7
1990
Bran Buds with psyllium (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9
47
30
6
1991
Bran ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9
58
30
11
1992
CheeriosTM (General Mills Inc., Etobicoke, Canada)9
74
30
15
1993
Corn BranTM (Quaker Oats Co. of Canada,
75
30
15
Peterborough, Canada)9
1994
Corn ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
83
30
21
CornflakesTM
1995
CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, Auckland, New Zealand)
72±16
30
18
1996
CornflakesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)
86
30
22
1997
CornflakesTM (Kellogg's, USA)4
92
30
24
1998
Cornflakes (Kellogg's, France)
93±16
30
25
1999
Cornflakes (Kellogg's, MI, USA)
132±33
30
33
mean of five studies
95±10
30
25
2000
Cornflakes, high-fiber (Presidents Choice,
74
30
17
Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9
2001
Cream of WheatTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
66
250
17
2002
Cream of WheatTM, Instant
74
250
22
(Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
2003
CrispixTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9
87
30
22
2004
Fruitful LiteTM (Hubbards, Auckland, New Zealand)
30
12
2005
Golden GrahamsTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)9
71
30
18
2006
GrapenutsTM (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc., Canada)9
67
30
13
2007
GrapenutsTM Flakes (Post, Kraft General Foods Inc.,
80
30
17
Canada)9
2008
LifeTM (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9
66
30
17
2009
Muesli, No Name (Sunfresh Ltd., Toronto, Canada)9
60
30
11
Oat bran
2010
Oat bran, raw (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9
50
10
2
2011
Oat bran, raw
59
10
3
2012
Oat Bran (Quaker Oats Co, Peterborough, ON, Canada)
60
10
4
mean of three studies
56
10
3
2013
Oat bran crisp (Natureal® GI-crisp, Finn Cereal,
79
30
10
Vantaa, Finland)10,11
2014
Oat bran flour (Natureal® GI-flour, Finn Cereal,
40
30
2
Vantaa, Finland), consumed mixed with cold water10,11
Porridge made from rolled oats
2015
Porridge (Canada)
62
250
14
2016
Porridge (Canada)
69
250
16
2017
Porridge (USA)4
75
250
17
mean of three studies
69
250
16
Instant Porridge
2018
Quick Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)
65
250
17
2019
One Minute Oats (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9
66
250
17
2020
Pro StarsTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)9
71
30
17
2021
Puffed Wheat (Quaker Oats Co., Canada)9
67
30
13
2022
Red River Cereal (Maple Leaf Mills, Toronto, Canada)9
49
30
11
2023
Rice ChexTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
89
30
23
2024
Rice KrispiesTM (Kellogg's Inc., Canada)9
82
30
22
2025
Shredded WheatTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
83
30
17
2026
Sultana Bran (Healthy Living, UK)
90±17
30
15
2027
TeamTM (Nabisco Brands Ltd., Canada)9
82
30
18
2028
Thank GoodnessTM (Hubbards, New Zealand)
65±18
30
15
2029
TotalTM (General Mills Inc., Canada)99
76
30
17
2030
Wheat flakes, enriched with extruded oat-bran
36
30
6
concentrate (8.1% β-glucan) (Canada)
2031
WeetabixTM, plain flaked wheat biscuits
74
30
16
(Weetabix of Canada Ltd., Thornhill, Canada)9
2032
Juicy cereal bar (stavnata tycinka FIT, Usovsko,
85±16
30
17
Czech Republic)
2033
Wheat flake bar, containing frutcose and extruded
30
30
5
oat bran concentrate (6.5% β-glucan) (Canada)
CEREAL GRAINS
Amaranth
2034
Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum) popped,
97±19
30
21
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener (India)
Barley
Pearl Barley
2035
Barley, pearled (Canada)
22
150
9
2036
Barley (Canada)
22
150
9
2037
Barley (Canada)
27
150
11
2038
Barley, pearled (Canada)
29
150
12
mean of four studies
25±2
150
11
2039
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) (India)
37
150
16
2040
Barley, cracked (Malthouth, Tunisia)
50
150
21
Buckwheat
2041
Buckwheat (Canada)
49
150
15
2042
Buckwheat (Canada)
51±10
150
15
2043
Buckwheat (Canada)
63
150
19
mean of three studies
54
150
16
Corn/Maize
2044
Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)
109
-
-
Cornmeal
2045
Cornmeal, boiled in salted water 2 min
68
150
9
(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2046
Cornmeal + margarine
69
150
8
(McNair Products Co. Ltd., Canada)
Sweet corn
2047
Sweet corn, cooked (Israel)
52±7
150
17
2048
Sweet corn (Canada)
59±11
150
19
2049
Sweet corn (USA)5
60
150
20
mean of three studies
57
150
19
2050
Sweet corn, whole kernel, canned, diet-pack, drained
46
150
13
(Featherweight, USA)5
2051
Sweet corn, frozen, reheated in microwave
47
150
16
(Green Giant Pillsbury Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2052
Taco shells, cornmeal-based, baked (Old El Paso
68
20
8
Foods Co., Toronto, Canada)
Couscous
2053
Couscous, boiled 5 min (Near East Food Products Co.,
61
150
21
Leominster, MA, USA)
2054
Couscous, boiled 5 min (Tunisia)
69
150
23
Millet
2055
Millet, boiled (Canada)
71±10
150
26
2056
Millet flour porridge (Kenya)
107
-
-
Rice, white
2057
White (Oryza sativa), boiled (India)
69±15
150
30
Rice, boiled white, type NS
2058
Type NS, boiled (France)
43
150
13
2059
Type NS, eaten alone (France)
45
150
14
2060
Type NS, boiled (France)
47
150
14
2061
Type NS (Canada)
51
150
21
2062
Type NS (France)
52
150
19
2063
Type NS (Canada)
56
150
23
2064
Type NS (Pakistan)
69
150
26
2065
Type NS (Kenya)
112
150
47
mean of eight studies
59±8
150
21
Long grain, boiled
2066
Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)
41
150
16
2067
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Toronto, Canada)
55
150
22
2068
Long grain, boiled 25 min (Surinam)
56±2
150
24
2069
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)
57
150
23
2070
Long grain, boiled 15 min
58
150
23
2071
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)
60
150
24
2072
Gem long grain (Dainty Food Inc., Canada)
60
150
24
2073
Long grain, nonglutinous (non waxy) rice variety
71
150
29
RD 21/23 (low amylose), boiled (Thailand)
mean of eight studies
57±3
150
23
Rice, specialty rices
2074
Cajun Style, Uncle Ben's® (Effem Foods Ltd.,
51
150
19
Bolton, Canada)
2075
Garden Style, Uncle Ben's®
55
150
20
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2076
Glutinous (waxy) rice, low-amylose, boiled (Thailand)
75
-
-
2077
Long Grain and Wild, Uncle Ben's®
54
150
20
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2078
Mexican Fast and Fancy, Uncle Ben's®
58
150
21
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)
2079
Saskatchewan wild rice (Canada)
57
150
18
Rice, white low-amylose
2080
White, low-amylose, boiled (Turkey)
17
150
7
Rice, white high-amylose
2081
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16 (28% amylose)
37
150
14
2082
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, white, long-grain
39
150
15
(27% amylose), boiled 17.5 min
Japonica rice enriched with Sunfibre
(Cyamoposis tetragonolobus) (soluble fiber)
2083
Japonica rice with 3 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
54
150
22
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
2084
Japonica rice with 5 g Sunfibre, viscosity 1
54
150
22
(Taiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd, Japan)
Milled, white, high amylose rice
2085
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
61
150
26
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2086
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
59
150
25
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
2087
Milled (white), high amylose (IR42) rice,
61
150
26
boiled 22 min (Philippines)
Rice, brown
2088
Brown (Oryza Sativa), boiled (South India)6
50±19
150
17
2089
Brown, high amylose (IR42) rice, boiled 30 min
39
150
16
(Philippines)
Instant/puffed rice
2090
Instant rice, white, boiled 1 min (Canada)
46
150
19
Parboiled rice
2091
Parboiled rice (Canada)
48
150
17
2092
Parboiled rice (USA)5
72
150
26
2093
Converted, white, Uncle Ben's®
45
150
16
(Effem Foods Ltd., Canada)5
2094
Converted, white, long grain, boiled 20-30 min,
50
150
18
Uncle Ben's® (Masterfoods USA)
2095
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)4
39
150
14
2096
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)
42
150
15
2097
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)
43
150
15
2098
Boiled, 12 min (Denmark)
46
150
17
2099
Long grain, boiled 5 min (Canada)
38
150
14
2100
Long grain, boiled, 10 min (USA)4
61
150
22
2101
Long grain, boiled 15 min (Canada)
47
150
17
2102
Long grain, boiled 25 min (Canada)
46
150
17
mean of twelve studies
48±3
150
17
2103
Parboiled rice, eaten as part of a traditional
99
-
-
Indian meal (India)6
Parboiled, low-amylose
2104
Bangladeshi rice variety BR2, parboiled
51
150
19
(12% amylose)
Parboiled, high-amylose
2105
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, parboiled
35
150
13
(28% amylose)
2106
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, traditionally parboiled
32
150
12
(27% amylose)
2107
Bangladeshi rice variety BR16, pressure parboiled
27
150
11
(27% amylose)
2108
Bangladeshi rice variety BR4, parboiled
33
150
13
(27% amylose)
mean of four studies
32±2
150
12
Rye, whole kernels
2109
Rye, whole kernels (Canada)
29
50 (dry)
11
2110
Rye, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi)
34
50 (dry)
13
30 min in 2 L water (Canada)
2111
Rye, whole kernels (Canada)
39
50 (dry)
15
mean of three studies
34
50 (dry)
13
Wheat
Wheat, whole kernels
2112
Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)
42
50 (dry)
14
2113
Wheat, whole kernels, pressure cooked (15 psi)
44
50 (dry)
14
30 min in 2 L water (Canada)
2114
Wheat, whole kernels (Canada)
48
50 (dry)
16
mean of three studies
45
50 (dry)
15
2115
Wheat, type NS (India)11
63
50 (dry)
24
2116
Wheat, type NS (India)6
90
50 (dry)
34
Semolina
2117
Semolina, roasted at 105oC then gelatinised
55±9
150
6
with water (India)
2118
Semolina, steamed and gelatinised (India)
54±13
150
6
Cracked wheat (bulgur/bourghul)
2119
Bulgur, boiled (Canada)
46
150
12
2120
Bulgur, boiled in 800 mL water 20 min (Canada)
46
150
12
2121
Bulgur, boiled (Canada)
46
150
12
2122
Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)
46
150
12
2123
Bulgur, boiled 20 min (Canada)
53
150
14
mean of five studies
47±1
150
12
COOKIES
Arrowroot
2124
Arrowroot (McCormicks's, Interbare Foods,
63
25
13
Toronto, Canada)
2125
Arrowroot plus (McCormicks's, Canada)
62
25
11
2126
Chocolate chip cookies, containing coconut flour
50
25
8
(Philippines)
Digestives
2127
Digestives (Canada)
55
25
9
2128
Digestives, Peak Freans (Nabisco Ltd.,
62
25
9
Toronto, Canada)
2129
Digestives, gluten-free (maize starch) (Nutricia
58
25
10
Dietary Care Ltd., Redish, Stockport, UK)
2130
Golden Fruit (Griffin's Foods Ltd.,
77±25
25
13
Auckland, New Zealand)
2131
Graham Wafers (Christie Brown & Co.,
74
25
13
Toronto, Canada)
2132
Highland Oatcakes (Walker's Shortbread Ltd.,
57
25
8
Aberlour-on-Spey, Scotland)
2133
Macaroons, prepared with coconut flour
33
30
6
(Philippines)
2134
Oro (Saiwa, Italy)
67±17
40
21
2135
Vanilla Wafers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)
77
25
14
CRACKERS
2136
Breton wheat crackers (Dare Foods Ltd.,
67
25
9
Kitchener, Canada)
Rye crispbread
2137
Rye crispbread (Canada)
63
25
10
2138
Rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd., UK)
63
25
11
2139
High-fiber rye crispbread (Ryvita Company Ltd.,
59
25
9
Poole, Dorset, UK)
2140
Premium Soda Crackers (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)
74
25
12
2141
Stoned Wheat Thins (Christie Brown & Co., Canada)
67
25
11
DAIRY PRODUCTS AND ALTERNATIVES
Ice cream, Regular/NS
2142
Ice cream, NS (Canada)
36±8
50
5
2143
Ice cream, NS (USA)15
62
50
7
2144
Ice cream, chocolate flavored (USA)
68±15
50
10
2145
Ice cream (half vanilla, half chocolate) (Italy)16
80
50
10
mean of four studies
62±9
50
8
Milk, full-fat
2146
Full-fat (Italy)16
24
250 mL
3
2147
Full-fat (USA)15
40
250 mL
4
2148
Milk, Full-fat + 20 g wheat bran (Italy)16
25
250 mL
3
2149
Probiotic drink, pink grapefruit (UK)4
60±18
250 mL
20
Yoghurt
2150
Yoghurt, type NS (Canada)
36±4
200
3
2151
Yoghurt, Strawberry (Healthy Living Light, UK)4
45±16
200
5
2152
Yoghurt, low-fat, toffee (UK)4
51±18
200
15
Soy-based dairy product alternatives
2153
Tofu-based frozen dessert, chocolate with
115±14
50
10
high-fructose (24%) corn syrup (USA)
FRUIT AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Apples, raw
2154
Apple, NS (Denmark)
28
120
4
2155
Apple, Braeburn (New Zealand)4
32±4
120
4
2156
Apple, NS (Canada)
34
120
5
2157
Apple, NS (USA)15
40
120
6
2158
Apple, NS (Italy)
44
120
6
mean of five studies
36±3
120
5
Apricots
2159
Apricots, raw, NS (Italy)
57
120
5
2160
Apricots, canned in light syrup (Riviera, Aliments
64
120
12
Caneast Foods, Montreal, Canada)
2161
Apricots, dried (Wasco foods, Montreal, Canada)
32
60
10
Banana, raw
2162
Banana (Canada)
46
120
12
2163
Banana (Israel)
49±6
120
12
2164
Banana (Italy)
58
120
13
2165
Banana (Canada)
58
120
15
2166
Banana, ripe (all yellow) (USA)15
51
120
13
2167
Banana, under-ripe (Denmark)7,17
30
120
6
2168
Banana, slightly under-ripe
42
120
11
(yellow with green sections) (USA)15
2169
Banana, over-ripe (yellow flecked with brown) (USA)15
48
120
12
2170
Banana, over-ripe (Denmark)7,17
52
120
11
mean of nine studies
48±3
120
11
2171
Cherries, raw, sour (Canada)
22
120
3
2172
Chico (Zapota zapotilla coville), raw (Philippines)4
40
120
12
2173
Dates, dried (Australia)
103±21
60
42
2174
Dates, NS type (Israel)
62±4
60
21
2175
Fruit Cocktail, canned (Delmonte Canadian
55
120
9
Canners Ltd., Hamilton, Canada)
2176
Grapefruit, raw (Canada)
25
120
3
Grapes, raw
2177
Grapes, NS (Canada)
43
120
7
2178
Grapes, NS (Italy)
49
120
9
2179
Kiwi fruit, Hayward (New Zealand)4
47±4
120
6
Mango, raw
2180
Mango (Mangifera indica) (Philippines)4
41
120
8
2181
Mango, ripe (Mangifera indica) (India)6
60±16
120
9
Oranges, raw
2182
Oranges, NS (Denmark)
31
120
3
2183
Orange, NS (Israel)
47±5
120
6
2184
Oranges, NS (Italy)
48
120
5
2185
Oranges (Sunkist, Van Nuys, CA, USA)
48
120
5
2186
Oranges NS (Canada)
51
120
6
mean of five studies
45±4
120
5
Papaya/Paw paw, raw
2187
Papaya/Paw paw, raw (Carica papaya) (Philippines)4
60
120
9
2188
Paw paw (papaya), ripe (India)6
60±16
120
17
Peach, raw
2189
Peach, raw (Canada)
28
120
4
2190
Peach, raw (Italy)
56
120
5
2191
Peach, canned in light syrup (Delmonte,
52
120
9
Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
Pear, raw
2192
Pear, raw, NS (Canada)
33
120
4
2193
Pear, Winter Nellis, raw (New Zealand)4
34±4
120
4
2194
Pear, Bartlett, raw (Canada)
41
120
3
2195
Pear, raw, NS (Italy)
42
120
5
mean of four studies
38±2
120
4
2196
Pear, canned in pear juice, Bartlett (Delmonte,
44
120
5
Canadian Canners Ltd., Canada)
2197
Pineapple (Ananas comosus), raw (Philippines)4
51
120
8
Plum, raw
2198
Plum, raw, NS (Canada)
24
120
3
2199
Plum, raw, NS (Italy)
53
120
6
2200
Raisins (Israel)
66±6
60
28
FRUIT JUICES
Apple juice
2201
Apple juice, unsweetened (USA)15
41
250 mL
12
2202
Apple juice, unsweetened (Allens, Toronto, Canada)
41
250 mL
12
2203
Grapefruit juice, unsweetened
48
250 mL
9
(Sunpac, Toronto, Canada)
2204
Orange juice, reconstituted from
57±6
250 mL
15
frozen concentrate (USA)15
2205
Pineapple juice, unsweetened (Dole Packaged
46
250 mL
15
Foods, Toronto, Canada)
LEGUMES AND NUTS
2206
Baked beans, canned haricot/navy beans
56
150
9
in tomato sauce (Libby, McNeill & Libby,
Chatham, Canada)
2207
Beans, dried, boiled, type NS (Italy)16
20
150
6
2208
Blackeyed beans/peas (Cowpeas), boiled (Canada)
50
150
15
Butter Beans
2209
Butter beans, dried, soaked, cooked 1.25 h
29±8
150
6
(South Africa)
2210
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 5 g sucrose
30±2
150
6
(South Africa)
2211
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 10 g sucrose
31±2
150
6
(South Africa)
2212
Butter beans, dried, boiled + 15 g sucrose
54±4
150
11
(South Africa)
Chickpeas (Garbanzo beans, Bengal gram), boiled
2213
Chickpeas, dried, boiled (Canada)
31
150
9
2214
Chickpeas (Canada)
33
150
10
2215
Chickpeas, canned in brine (Lancia-Bravo
42
150
9
Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
2216
Chickpeas, curry, canned (Canasia Foods Ltd.,
41
150
7
Scarborough, Canada)
Haricot/Navy beans
2217
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at 15 psi
29
150
9
for 25 min (King Grains, Toronto, Canada)
2218
Haricot/Navy beans, dried, boiled (Canada)
30
150
9
2219
Haricot/Navy beans, pressure cooked at15 psi
59
150
19
for 25 min (King Grains, Canada)
mean of three studies
39
150
12
Kidney Beans
2220
Kidney beans (USA)4
23
150
6
2221
Kidney beans, dried, boiled (France)
23±1
150
6
2222
Kidney beans, dried, boiled (Canada)
42
150
10
2223
Kidney beans (Canada)
46
150
11
mean of four studies
34±6
150
9
2224
Kidney beans, canned (Lancia-Bravo
52
150
9
Foods Ltd., Canada)
Lentils
2225
Lentils, type NS (USA)4
28
150
5
Lentils, green
2226
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (Canada)
22
150
4
2227
Lentils, green, dried, boiled (France)
30±15
150
5
2228
Lentils, green, canned in brine
52
150
9
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
Lentils, red
2229
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)
18
150
3
2230
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)
21
150
4
2231
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)
31
150
6
2232
Lentils, red, dried, boiled (Canada)
32
150
6
mean of four studies
26±4
150
5
2233
Lima beans, baby, frozen, reheated in microwave
32
150
10
oven (York, Canada Packers, Toronto, Canada)
2234
Marrowfat peas, dried, boiled (USA)4
31
150
6
2235
Peas, dried, boiled (Australia)
22
150
2
Pinto beans
2236
Pinto beans, dried, boiled (Canada)
39
150
10
2237
Pinto beans, canned in brine
45
150
10
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2238
Romano beans (Canada)
46
150
8
2239
Split peas, yellow, boiled 20 min
32
150
6
(Nupack, Mississauga, Canada)
MEAL REPLACEMENT & WEIGHT
MANAGEMENT PRODUCTS
2240
Boost®, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson,
53±4
250 mL
23
Evansville, Ind, USA)
2241
Boost High-Protein®, vanilla flavor (Mead Johnson,
59±9
250 mL
21
Evansville, Ind, USA)
2242
Chocolate soya weight management drink (UK)16
73±17
250 mL
26
2243
GatorPro®, chocolate flavor (Gatorade,
89±8
250 mL
40
Chicago, IL, USA)
2244
Met-RX ®, vanilla (Met-RX substrate
58±16
250 mL
6
Technology Inc., Irvine, CA, USA)
2245
Optifuel (Twin Laboratories Inc,
78±8
250 mL
27
Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)
MIXED MEALS AND CONVENIENCE FOODS
2246
Fish Fingers (Canada)
38±6
100
7
2247
Kugel (Polish dish containing egg noodles, sugar,
65±6
150
31
cheese and raisins) (Israel)
Pizza
2248
Pizza, cheese (Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
60
100
16
2249
Pizza, plain baked dough, served with parmesan
80
100
22
cheese and tomato sauce (Italy)
2250
Sausages, NS type (Canada)
28±6
100
1
2251
Stirfried vegetables with chicken and boiled
73±17
360
55
white rice, home made (Australia)
2252
White boiled rice, grilled beefburger,
27
440
14
cheese, and butter (France)
2253
White boiled rice, grilled beefburger,
22
440
11
cheese and butter (France)
White bread with accompaniments
2254
Classic French Baguette with 10 g butter and
59±16
100
25
2 slices of ham (25 g) (France)
2255
White bread with butter (Canada)
59
100
28
2256
White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada)
42
100
12
2257
White bread with Haricot/navy beans (Canada)
54
100
16
2258
White bread with butter and skim milk cheese
62
100
23
(Canada)
2259
White bread with skim milk cheese (Canada)
55
100
26
2260
White/wholemeal wheat bread with
51
100
23
peanut butter (Canada)
2261
White/wholemeal wheat bread with
67
100
29
peanut butter (Canada)
NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT PRODUCTS
2262
Biosorb® drink, standard (Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4
50±16
250 mL
15
2263
EnsureTM, vanilla flavor (Abbott Laboratories,
75±10
250 mL
33
Columbus, Ohio, USA)
2264
Nutridrink® enteral formula
61±19
250 mL
28
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4
2265
Nutridrink Multi Fibre® enteral formula
53±19
250 mL
24
(Nutricia N.V., Netherlands)4
NUTS
Peanuts
2266
Peanuts (Canada)4
13±6
50
1
2267
Peanuts (Mexico)4
23
50
2
PASTA and NOODLES
2268
Capellini (Primo Foods Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
45
180
20
2269
Instant noodles (Mr Noodle, Vancouver, Canada)
47
180
19
Mung bean noodles
2270
Lungkow beanthread noodles (National Cereals,
26
180
12
Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2271
Mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand)
45
180
20
2272
Imitation mung bean noodles, boiled (Thailand)
51
-
-
Macaroni
2273
Macaroni, plain, boiled 5 min
45
180
22
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2274
Macaroni, plain, boiled (Turkey)
48
180
23
2275
Macaroni, boiled (Italy)7
56
180
27
mean of three studies
50
180
24
2276
Macaroni and Cheese, boxed (Kraft General
64
180
33
Foods Inc., Don Mills, Ontario, Canada)
Rice noodles/pasta
2277
Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)
45
-
-
rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2278
Rice noodles made from IR42 (high amylose)
46
-
-
rice flour, boiled for 22 min (Philippines)
2279
Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals,
58
180
23
Oils & Foodstuffs, China)
Spaghetti
2280
Spaghetti, homemade, durum wheat,
59
180
28
no monoglyceride, boiled 6 min (Denmark)
2281
Spaghetti, protein enriched, boiled 7 min
27
180
14
(Catelli Plus, Catelli Ltd., Montreal, Canada)
Spaghetti, white, boiled 5 min
2282
Boiled 5 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
32
180
15
2283
Boiled 5 min (Canada)
34
180
16
2284
Boiled 5 min (Canada)
40
180
19
2285
Boiled 5 min (Middle East)
44
180
21
mean of four studies
38±3
180
18
Spaghetti, white or type NS, boiled 10-15 min
2286
White, durum wheat, boiled 12 min (Denmark)
34
180
16
2287
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
32
180
15
2288
Boiled 15 min (Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
36
180
17
2289
Boiled 15 min (Canada)
41
180
20
mean of four studies
36±2
180
17
2290
Spaghetti, Durum wheat, boiled 20 min (USA)
64±15
180
27
Spaghetti, white, boiled
2291
White (Denmark)
33
180
16
2292
White, durum wheat (Catelli Ltd, Montreal, Canada)5
34
180
16
2293
White (Australia)5
38
180
17
2294
White (Israel)
42±7
180
20
2295
White (Canada)
42
180
20
2296
White (Italy)
42
180
19
2297
White (Canada)
45
180
22
2298
White (Canada)
48
180
23
mean of eight studies
41±2
180
19
2299
Spaghetti, wholemeal, boiled (Australia)5
32
180
14
2300
Star Pastina, white, boiled 5 min
38
180
18
(Lancia-Bravo Foods Ltd., Canada)
2301
Tortellini, cheese (Stouffer, Nestlé, Don Mills, Canada)
50
180
10
2302
Wheat (egg) noodles, boiled (Thailand)
57
-
-
SNACK FOODS AND CONFECTIONERY
2303
Brownies, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
43
50
12
2304
Burger RingsTM, barbeque-flavored (Smith's Snack
90±16
50
28
Food Co, Chatswood, NSW, Australia)
2305
Chocolate crinkles, containing coconut flour
54
50
12
(Philippines)
2306
Chocolate, milk, plain, low-sugar
35±16
50
8
with maltitol (Belgium)4
2307
Corn chips, NachipsTM
74
50
21
(Old El Paso Foods Co., Canada)
2308
Granola bar, containing coconut flour (Philippines)
50
50
10
2309
Juicy cereal bar (Stavnata Tycinka FIT,
85±16
30
17
Usovsko, Czech Republic)
SPORTS (ENERGY) BARS
2310
Clif bar, Cookies & Cream flavor
101±6
65
49
(Clif Bar Inc, Berkeley, CA, USA)
2311
MET-Rx Bar, vanilla flavor
74±12
65
24
(Met-Rx Sibstrate Technology Inc, Irvine, CA, USA)
2312
Power bar®, chocolate (Powerfood Inc,
83±11
65
37
Berkeley, CA, USA)
2313
PR-bar, Cookies 'N Cream flavor
81±12
65
23
(Twin Laboratories Inc, Ronkonkowa, NY, USA)
SOUPS
2314
Black Bean soup (Wil-Pack Foods,
64
250
17
San Pedro, CA, USA)
2315
Green Pea, canned (Campbell Soup Co Ltd.,
66
250
27
Toronto, Canada)
2316
Lentil, canned (Unico, Concord, Canada)
44
250
9
2317
Noodle soup (traditional Turkish soup
1
250
0
with stock and noodles)
2318
Split Pea (Wil-Pak Foods, USA)
60
250
16
2319
Tarhana soup (traditional Turkish soup with
20
-
-
wheat flour, yoghurt, tomato, peppers)
2320
Tomato soup (Canada)
38±9
250
6
SUGARS, SYRUPS, AND SUGAR ALCOHOLS
Fructose
2321
50 g portion
20±5
10
2
2322
50 g portion
21
10
2
2323
50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company,
24
10
2
St. Louis, MO, USA)15
2324
25 g portion, fed with oats19
25
10
2
mean of four studies
23±1
10
2
Glucose
2325
50 g portion (dextrose)5
85
10
9
2326
25 g portion, fed with oats19
92
10
9
2327
50 g portion5
93
10
9
2328
50 g portion
96
10
10
mean of four studies
92±2
10
9
Glucose consumed with American ginseng
(Panax quinquefolius L.)
2329
25 g glucose (Glucodex solution, Rougier Inc.,
78
10
8
Chambly, Quebec) with 3 g dried ginseng4,11
2330
25 g glucose (Glucodex) 40 min
80
10
8
after 3 g dried ginseng4,11
2331
100 g Glucose + 20 g cellulose20
103±5
10
10
(CSIR Biochemical Unit, New Delhi, India)
Glucose consumed with a mixed meal
2332
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger,
55
250
19
30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2333
30 g glucose with 150 g grilled beefburger,
57
250
20
30 g cheese, 10 g butter (total meal contained
50 g carbohydrate) (France)
2334
25 g glucose with 30 g oat bran flour (Natureal®
80
10
8
GI-flour, Finn Cereal, Vantaa, Finland)4
2335
Locust honey (Romania)4,11
32
25
7
Lactose
2336
50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)15
43
10
4
2337
25 g portion, fed with oats19
48
10
5
Sucrose
2338
50 g portion (Sigma Chemical Company, USA)15
58
10
6
2339
50 g portion
59±10
10
6
2340
50 g portion
60
10
6
2341
25 g portion, fed with oats19
64
10
6
2342
30 g portion16
82
10
8
2343
25 g portion4
110±21
10
11
mean of six studies
72±8
10
7
Sugar alcohols and sugar-replacement compounds -
GI values based on the assumption that their
carbohydrate is available
2344
Isomalt (Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)21
2±1
10
0
2345
Isomaltulose, PalatinoseTM
32±3
10
3
(Sudzucker AG, Mannheim, Germany)21
Lactitol
2346
25 g lactitol5,22
-1±7
10
0
2347
25 g lactitol MC (Danisco sweeteners, Surrey, UK)22
3±1
10
0
Litesse
2348
25 g Litesse II, bulking agent with polydextrose and
7±2
10
1
sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22
2349
25 g Litesse III ultra, bulking agent with polydextrose
4±2
10
0
and sorbitol (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22
2350
Lycasin® HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol,
47±10
10
5
5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)21
2351
Lycasin® HBC, syrup containing 50-55% maltitol,
25±6
10
3
5-8% sorbitol and 35-40% hydrogenated
oligo-scaccharides (lab 2212, Roquette, France)21
Maltitol-based sweeteners or bulking agents
2352
Maltitol, 50 g portion (Japan)21
26
10
3
2353
25 g Malbit CR (87% maltitol) (Cerestar,
30±12
10
3
Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2354
25 g Maltidex 100 (> 72% maltitol)
44±11
10
4
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2355
Maltitol and Sucrose mixture (25 g Maltitol +
46
10
5
25 g Sucrose) (Japan)21
2356
25 g Malbit CH (99% maltitol)
73±29
10
7
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2357
25 g Maltidex 200 (50% maltitol)
89±28
10
9
(Cerestar, Vilvoorde, Belgium)22
2358
Tagatose sugar replacement, Gaio®
3±1
10
0
(Arla Foods, Germany)21
Xylitol
2359
25 g xylitol22
7±7
10
1
2360
25 g Xylitol C (Danisco Sweeteners, UK)22
8±2
10
1
VEGETABLES
2361
Broad beans (Canada)4
79±16
80
9
Green peas
2362
Pea, cooked (Israel)
35±4
80
5
2363
Pea, frozen, boiled (Canada)4
39
80
3
Sweet corn
2364
Sweet corn, cooked (Israel)
52±7
150
17
2365
Sweet corn (Canada)
59±11
80
11
2366
Sweet corn, boiled (USA)5
60
80
11
mean of three studies
57
80
13
2367
Sweet corn, whole kernel, diet-pack, Featherweight,
46
80
6
canned, drained, heated (USA)5
2368
Sweet corn, frozen, heated in microwave (Green
47
80
7
Giant, Pillsbury Canada Ltd., Toronto, Canada)
Root vegetables
2369
Beetroot (Canada)4
64±16
80
4
Carrots
2370
Carrots, raw (Romania)4,11
16
80
1
2371
Carrots, NS (Canada)4
92±20
80
6
2372
Carrots, peeled, boiled, ground to smooth paste
60±17
80
4
(Australia)
2373
Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya, Africa)
46
100
12
2374
Parsnips (Canada)4
97±19
80
12
Potato
Baked potato
2375
Ontario, white, baked in skin (Canada)
60
150
18
Baked, Russet Burbank potatoes
2376
Russet, baked without fat (Canada)
56
150
17
2377
Russet, baked without fat, 45-60 min (USA)5
78
150
23
2378
Russet, baked without fat (USA)5
94
150
28
mean of three studies
76
150
23
Boiled potato
2379
Desiree, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min in
77±17
150
13
unsalted water (UK)
2380
Maris Peer potato, peeled, quartered, boiled 15 min
94±16
150
27
in unsalted water (UK)
2381
Nardine, boiled (New Zealand)
70±17
150
18
2382
Ontario, white, peeled, cut into cubes, boiled in
58
150
16
salted water 15 min (Canada)
2383
Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled in
63
150
11
salted water 15 min (Canada)
Boiled/cooked, white/Type NS
2384
Type NS (Kenya, Africa)
24
150
7
2385
White, cooked (Romania)4,11
41
150
12
2386
Potatoes (Germany)
49
150
15
2387
White, boiled (Canada)
54
150
15
2388
Type NS, boiled 19 min (Denmark)
56
150
11
2389
Potatoes, white (Italy)
61
150
16
2390
Type NS, peeled, boiled (Lebanon)
85
150
26
mean of seven studies
53±7
150
14
Boiled potato cooked then cooled
2391
Type NS, peeled, boiled and then cooled to 26oC
54
150
16
(Lebanon)
Canned potatoes
2392
Prince Edward Island, canned, heated in microwave
61
150
11
(Avon, Cobi Foods Inc., Port Williams, Canada)
French Fries
2393
French fries, frozen, reheated in microwave
75
150
22
(Cavendish Farms, New Annan, Canada)
Instant Mashed potato
2394
Instant (France)
74±12
150
15
2395
Instant (Carnation Foods Co. Ltd., Manitoba, Canada)
86
150
17
2396
Instant (Canada)
88
150
18
2397
Instant (UK)
95±16
150
17
mean of four studies
86±4
150
17
Mashed potato
2398
Type NS (Canada)
67
150
13
2399
Ontario, white, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min,
73
150
20
mashed (Canada)
2400
Prince Edward Island, peeled, cubed, boiled 15 min
73
150
13
mashed (Canada)
mean of three studies
71
150
15
Microwaved potato
2401
Type NS, microwaved (USA)4
82
150
27
New Potato
2402
New (Canada)
47
150
10
2403
New (Canada)
54
150
11
Steamed potato
2404
Potato dumplings (60% white potatoes, 40% white
52
150
23
wheat flour, boiled in salted water), consumed with
olive oil, tomato sauce and parmesan cheese (Italy)
Sweet potato
2405
Sweet potato, NS (Canada)
48±6
150
16
2406
Sweet potato, peeled, cubed, boiled in salted water
59
150
18
15 min (Canada)
2407
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)
78±6
150
20
mean of three studies
62
150
19
Swede
2408
Swede (rutabaga) (Canada)4
72±8
150
7
Tapioca
2409
Tapioca boiled with milk (General Mills Canada Inc.,
81
250
14
Etobicoke, Canada)
2410
Tapioca, boiled (India)6
93±2
250
17
Yam
2411
Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
25±4
150
9
2412
Yam (Canada)
51±12
150
18
INDIGENOUS OR TRADITIONAL FOODS
OF DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS
AFRICAN
2413
Cassava, boiled, with salt (Kenya)
46
100
12
2414
Ga Kenkey, prepared from fermented cornmeal
44±6
150
18
(Zea mays) (Ghana)23
2415
Gari, roasted cassava dough (Manihot utilissima)
49±3
100
13
(Ghana)23
2416
Green plantain (musa paradisiaca), boiled (Ghana)23
41±5
120 (raw)
15
2417
Maize meal porridge/gruel (Kenya)
109
50 (dry)
41
2418
Millet flour porridge/gruel (Kenya)
107
-
-
2419
White rice (Oryza sativa), boiled (Ghana)23
40±6
150
17
2420
White yam (Dyscoria species) (Ghana)23
65±7
150
26
ARABIC AND TURKISH
2421
Kibbeh saynieh (made with lamb and burghul)
61±16
120
9
2422
Majadra (Syrian, lentils and rice)
24±5
250
10
2423
Middle Eastern flatbread
97±29
30
16
2424
Moroccan Couscous (stew of semolina,
58±9
250
17
chickpeas, vegetables)
2425
Tarhana soup (wheat flour, yoghurt,
20
-
-
tomato, green pepper)
2426
Turkish bread, white wheat flour
87
30
15
2427
Turkish bread, whole wheat
49
30
8
2428
Turkish noodle soup
1
250
0
ASIAN
2429
Lungkow beanthread (National Cereals,
26
180
12
Oils & Foodstuffs, Qingdao & Guangdong, China)
2430
Rice vermicelli, Kongmoon (National Cereals, China)
58
180
23
2431
Stirfried vegetables, chicken and rice,
73±17
360
55
home made (Australia)
ASIAN INDIAN
2432
Amaranth (Amaranthus esculentum), popped,
97±19
30
18
eaten with milk and non-nutritive sweetener
2433
Appam (thin pancake made from fermented
90±4
250
58
rice flour batter with tender coconut)
eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2434
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum), eaten as
55±13
75 (dry)
28
roasted bread made from bajra flour
2435
Bajra (Penniseteum typhoideum)
67
75 (dry)
34
2436
Barley (Hordeum vulgare)
37
150
14
Chapatti
2437
Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (25:75) composite flour,
66±10
60
20
served with bottle gourd and tomato curry
2438
Chapatti, amaranth-wheat (50:50) composite flour,
76±20
60
23
served with bottle gourd amd tomato curry
2439
Chapatti, baisen (Pakistan)
27
165
-
-
2440
Chapatti, bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum)
67
-
-
2441
Chapatti, barley
37
-
-
2442
Chapatti, maize (Zea mays)
64
-
-
2443
Chapatti, wheat, served with bottle gourd
66±9
60
21
and tomato curry
2444
Chapatti, wheat flour, thin, with green gram
81±4
200
41
(Phaseolus aureus) dhal
2445
Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake;
35±4
100
7
dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2446
Dhokla, leavened, fermented, steamed cake;
31±6
150
9
dehusked chickpea and wheat semolina
2447
Dosai (parboiled and raw rice, soaked, ground,
77±3
150
30
fermented and fried) with chutney
2448
Green gram, whole with varagu
57±6
80 (dry)
29
(Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked
2449
Green gram dhal with varagu, pressure cooked
78±12
78 (dry)
39
2450
Idiappam (steamed rice flour dough with
86±4
250
52
tender coconut) eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2451
Idli (parboiled and raw rice + black dhal, soaked,
77±2
250
40
ground, fermented, steamed) with chutney
2452
Jowar, roasted bread made from Jowar flour
77±8
70 (dry)
39
(Sorghum vulgare)
2453
Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted
24±4
50
7
legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2454
Laddu (popped amaranth, foxtail millet, roasted
29±4
50
9
legume powder, fenugreek seeds) in hot sweet syrup
2455
Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana)6
84
70 (dry)
42
2456
Millet/Ragi (Eleucine coracana) flour eaten
104±13
70 (dry)
52
as roasted bread
2457
Pongal (rice and roasted green gram dhal,
90±3
250
47
pressure cooked)
2458
Poori (deep-fried wheat flour dough) with
82±2
150
34
potato palya (mashed potato)
2459
Puttu (rice flour, steamed with tender coconut)
79±4
250
58
eaten with Bengal gram curry6
2460
Rice (Oryza Sativa), boiled served with bottle gourd
69±15
150
26
and tomato curry
Semolina
2461
Semolina (Triticum aestivum), steamed
55±9
67 (dry)
28
2462
Semolina (Triticum aestivum), pre-roasted
76±6
67 (dry)
38
2463
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented black
46±12
71 (dry)
23
gram dhal (Phaseolus mungo)
2464
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented
62±20
71 (dry)
31
green gram dhal (Phaseolus aureus)
2465
Semolina (Triticum aestivum) with fermented
54±7
71 (dry)
27
bengal gram dhal (Cicer arietum)
2466
Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked
68±8
76 (dry)
34
2467
Upittu (roasted semolina and onions, cooked in water)
67±3
150
28
2468
Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds;
18±3
150
6
roasted and cooked in water)
2469
Uppuma kedgeree (millet, legumes, fenugreek seeds;
19±3
150
6
roasted and cooked in water)
2470
Varagu (Paspalum scorbiculatum), pressure cooked
68±8
76 (dry)
34
ISRAELI
2471
Melawach (dough made from white wheat flour
61±10
115
32
and butter, fried)
2472
Melawach
71±7
115
38
2473
Melawach + 15 g locust bean (Ceratonia siliqua)
31±6
130
16
fiber (soluble)
2474
Melawach + 15 g maize cob fiber (insoluble)
59±10
130
31
2475
Melawach + 15 g lupin (Lupinus albus) fiber
72±10
130
38
PACIFIC ISLANDERS
2476
Sweet potato, kumara (New Zealand)
78±6
150
20
2477
Yam, peeled, boiled (New Zealand)
25±4
150
9
PIMA INDIAN
2478
Mesquite cakes (Prosopis velutina)4
25±3
60
1
SOUTH AMERICAN
2479
Black Beans
30
150
7
2480
Brown beans
38
150
9
2481
Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions,
37±4
-
-
vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2482
Burrito (made from scrambled eggs, tomato, onions,
29±3
-
-
vegeatble oil, boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2483
Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla,
51±9
-
-
vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans)
2484
Chilaquiles (casserole made from corn tortilla,
35±8
-
-
vegetable oil, tomato sauce, cheese, boiled pinto beans),
consumed with nopales (prickly pear cactus)
2485
Nopales (prickly pear cactus)
7
100
0
2486
Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado,
36±3
-
-
boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla)
2487
Quesadillas (made from low-fat cheese, avocado,
25±4
-
-
boiled pinto beans and flour tortilla) consumed with
nopales (prickly pear cactus)
Footnotes
1. NS, not specified; AUC, area under the curve. Serving sizes in grams unless otherwise specified.
2. Mean ± SEM. Two GI values are shown for each food - one in which glucose sugar was used as the reference food and one in which white bread was used as the reference food.
3. Estimated by multiplying the food's listed GI value with glucose as the reference food by the listed g carbohydrate per serving and dividing by 100.
4. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 25 g carbohydrate.
5. GI calculated from the 180 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
6. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 75 g carbohydrate.
7. GI calculated from the 240 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
8. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h for only 4 time points (0, 1, 2, and 3 h).
9. GI corrected for added milk and adjusted to represent a 50 g carbohydrate portion size.
10. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 12.5 g carbohydrate.
11. GI calculated from the 120 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
12. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 3 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min).
13. Wheat chapatti was used as the reference food and given a GI of 100. The GI of the test food was measured by expressing the glucose AUC value for the test food as a percentage of the AUC value for wheat chapatti.
14. M Champ (INRA, France) and V Lang (Danone Vitapole Company, France), unpublished observations, 1998.
15. GI calculated from the 300 min AUC data included in the original article using the AUC food/AUC reference food formula.
16. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 30 g carbohydrate.
17. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 20 g carbohydrate.
18. Sydney University's Glycemic Index Research Service (Human Nutrition Unit, University of Sydney, Australia), unpublished observations, 1995-2007.
19. GI for sugars calculated from the glycemic response for a meal of sugar and rolled oats minus the glycemic response for the oats alone.
20. Portions of the test food and the reference food contained 100 g carbohydrate.
21. Total weight of the test food was 50 g, whereas the reference food contained 50 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
22. Total weight of the test food was 25 g, whereas the reference food contained 25 g available carbohydrate. The carbohydrate content of the test food was assumed to be 100% available, which may be an overestimation.
23. Eaten as part of a mixed meal with fish, tomato, and onion sauce.
24. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h for only 5 time points (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min).
25. GI value included in original article determined from AUC measured over 2 h for only 4 time points (0, 30, 60 and 120 min).