Extreme Temperatures Around the World (original) (raw)

The most reliable and updated collection of extreme temperatures on the WEB! Now find me on Twitter at @extremetemps

EXTREME TEMPERATURES AROUND THE WORLD RELATED LINKS

National and Continental Extreme Temperatures includes the national extreme temperatures with dates and sources.

Monthly Temperatures Records includes the world and continental extreme temperatures month by month.It also includes statistics of temperature records by latitude and altitude.

Countries without frost includes a list of the countries where frost has never been recorded.

Snowfalls by country includes a detailed list by country of the most rare snowfalls and the countries where snow has never been recorded.

Glaciers by country includes a detailed list of the countries with glaciers and with permanent snowpatches.

Extreme Temperatures Around the World news now on X and Bluesky !

LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2002 AND 2010 -CLICK HERE

LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2020 -CLICK HERE

LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2021 AND 2024 -CLICK HERE

Temperature Records during 2025:

Trelew (Argentina) max. 43.6
La Roche (New Caledonia,France) max. 35.3
Kalbarri (Australia) max. 48.3
Jarrahwood (Australia) max. 43.7
New Iberia (Louisiana,USA) min. -16.7
Lafayette (Louisiana,USA) min. -15.6
New Roads (Louisiana,USA) min. -15.6
Jennings (Louisiana,USA) min. -13.9
Gascoyne Junction (Australia) max. 49.2

Note: Celsius degrees are used. Click here to open the Celsius-Fahrenheit degrees Converter

                **MIN  MAX**

AFGHANISTAN Kabul -25.5 40.5 Kandahar -12.1 46.5 Jalalabad -7.8 48.8* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Mazar al Sharif -24 48.1 Ghazni -33.5 37 Zaranj -13.2 49.6* * a dubious 51.0C was likely taken with not proper instruments Farah -11.9 49.8 Shahrak -52.2 ALBANIA Tirana -10.4 43 Durres -9 41.8 Shkoder -13 42.8 Cerrik -9.4 43.2 Kucova 44 Kallmet 45.3* * unofficial, questioned Kukes -21 42.5 Shtylle -29 Bize -34.7* * unofficial, dubious ALGERIA Algiers Airport -4 48.7 Oran -3* 45.8 * -4.2C was also recorded in the Tafaraoui Airport In Salah -3.3 50.6 Ouargla -6.7 51.3 Batna -20 45.1 Constantine -10 45.5 Tamanrasset -7 41.6 ANDORRA Andorra La Vella -16 37.9 Hidroelectrica -16 36 Engolaster Lake -21 33 Borda Vidal 39.4 Grau Roig -27.3 Port d'Envalira -34* * unofficial, dubious ANGOLA Luanda 12 36.9 Bie (Silva Porto) -5* 32 * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Mavinga -3.9 Bicuari Nat.Park -4.1 Namibe 3 40.3 Espinheira 41.6 Cabinda 12 35.4 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Saint John's 15.6 33.8 Bird Airport 16.1 34.9
Codrington (Barbuda)17.2 35* * suspicious ARGENTINA Buenos Aires Obser.-5.4* 43.3 * -6.4C was also recorded in June 1830 Ezeiza Airport -7.8 44.3 Cordoba -10.3 45* * a 45.6C in 1917 was likely taken with not proper instruments Bahia Blanca -11.8 43.8 Mar del Plata -9.3 42.4 Mendoza -9.2 44.9 Rosario -11.1 42.4* * an old record of 43.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Santiago del Estero -10 46.5* * a temperature of 47.0C was also recorded in the observatory Catamarca -9 47* * a temperature of 47.1C was also recorded in the observatory Tucuman -7.2 45 Salta -9.9 39.9 Campo Gallo -8.1 47.3 Morillo 48.5* * dubious Ingeniero Juarez 47.8* * dubious Rivadavia -7.2 47* * a very dubious 48.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Villa de Maria -10.5 44.6* * a very dubious 49.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Neuquen -12.8 42.3 Comodoro Rivadavia -8.5 40.2 Bariloche -21.1 36.4 Ushuaia -21.1 29.5 Perito Moreno -25.7 38.2 Sarmiento -33* 38.3 * very dubious, likely taken recorded under not proper conditions Buen Pasto -34* * dubious Maquinchao -25.6* 39 * an unreliable -35.3C was reported in July 1991 Pato Superior Valley-39 27 Veladero -44* * unofficial Cona Niyeu -36.2* * questioned Alto Rio Senguer -30 Las Bayas -30 38 ARMENIA Yerevan -31 42.4 Gyumri -35 37.5 Vanadzor -30 36.1 Sisian -34 36.2 Megri -22 43.7 Shurabad (Paghakn)-46.7 31
AUSTRALIA Canberra -10 44 Sydney Airport -0.1 46.4 Sydney Observatory 2.1 45.8 Brisbane Airport -0.1 40.2 Brisbane City 2.3 43.2 Melbourne City -2.8 46.4* * 46.8C also recorded in the Airport Station Hobart City -2.8* 41.8 * -3.9C also recorded in the Airport Station Adelaide City -0.4 47.7 Adelaide Airport -2.6 45.8 Perth Airport -1.3 46.7 Perth City -0.7 46.2 Darwin Airport 10.8 38.9 Albany City 0.1 44.8 Esperance City -0.6 46.9 Carnarvon 2.4 49.9 Broome 3.3 44.8 Alice Springs -7.5 45.7 Cairns 6.2 43.6
Birdsville -1.7 49.5 Onslow 3.1 50.7 Oodnadatta -2.6 50.7 Charlotte Pass -23 29.7 Lord Howe Island 5.9 31.3 Norfolk Island AP 6.2 28.4 Kingston (Norfolk) 4.4* 32.2* * unofficial,unreliable, taken with not proper instruments Willis Island 16.4 35.2 Cocos Islands AP 18.3 33.2 Christmas Isl. AP 16.2 31.6* * 31.8C recorded in November 1981 is unreliable Rocky Point (Christmas Isl.) 33.2* * dubious Flying Fish Cove (Christmas I.)35* * unofficial,dubious Heard Island -11.5 26.1 Macquarie Island -9.4 17.1 AUSTRIA Vienna -26.3* 39.5 * unofficial -27C also recorded Klagenfurt -27.8 38.1 Linz -29.1 38 Salzburg -31.1 38.6 Graz -28.8 38.8 Innsbruck -30.6* 38.5 * -31.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Dellach im Drautal-24.8 39.9 Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 40.5 Zwettl -36.6 36.3 Halltal -40* * unofficial, questioned Sonnblick -37.4 15.7 Grunloch -52.6* * unofficial, recorded in February 1932 in a frost hollow AZERBAIJAN Baku -14.7 42.7 Ganja -17.8* 42* * extremes of -18.8C and 43.3C were recorded in another station Zakataly -22.8 41.2 Goytapa 47.4 Great Caucasus Stat.-45* * unofficial Ordubad (Nakhichivan)-33 46 Julfa (Nakhichivan) -33 46 Xankhandi (Artsakh) -19 40 BAHAMAS Nassau 5.2* 36.5 * a dubious 5.0C was also recorded in January 1945 Freeport Airport 3 36 West End 1.7* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Marsh Harbour 8.9 35 BAHRAIN Manama Intl Air. 2.8 47.5 Awali -5* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments International Circuit 48.7 BANGLADESH Dhaka 5.6 42.2 Chittagong 6.3 40.6 Rajshahi 3.4 45.1 Dinajpur 1.1 43.6 Sylhet 3.4 40.5 Teknaf 9.5 38.6 BARBADOS Bridgetown 15.5 35.5* * 36.2C in 2007 is probably unreliable Grantley Adams AP 15.6 34 St. James 35.6 Gibbons Boggs 15
Waterford 15
BELARUS Minsk -39.1 35.8 Gomel -35.1 38.9 Vasilevichi -35.7 38 Slavnoye -42.2 Hanusowszczyzna -43* * unofficial, dubious BELGIUM Brussels -21.1 40.2
Uccle -18.7 39.7 Ostend -19 39.3
Antwerp -18.5 40.4 Gent -20.6 40.1 Liege -21* 41 * -24.4C also recorded in December 1783 Begijnendijk 41.8 Rochefort -30.1
BELIZE Belmopan 6.1 41 Belize City 7.8 37.7 Barton Creek 42.3 Chaa Creek 42.3 Punta Gorda 10.6 38.4 Augustine 5.6 39 Sibun Hill 4
BENIN Porto Novo 16 37.5 Cotonou 17 37.5 Kandi 8.5 44.5* * dubious BHUTAN Thimphu -10 33.5 Punakha -4 38.5 Phuentsholing 4.5 40 Tangmachu 40 Paro Int.Airport -12.9 33 Chamkhar -14.5 28 Namjeyling -14.5
BOLIVIA Sucre -6 32* * a dubious 34.7C was also recorded in the Observatory La Paz Downtown -6 28.9 La Paz El Alto -15.2 23 Charana -23.8 26.4 Oruro -22.4 27.6 Cochabamba -7 36.2* * 39C was also recorded at the Sarco station Tarija -10 39.7
Camiri -5.2 44 Cobija 7 40.7 Santa Cruz 1.8 41.6 Uyuni -25.7 31.5 Villamontes -7 47* * unofficial temperature of 47.2C also recorded in January 1953 Aguaraycito 47 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo -26.4 40 Sarajevo Airport -30.2 39.9 Mostar -16.4 43.1 Bihac -29.2 42 Livno -29.6 38.2 Brcko -25 42 Bjelasnica -33.6 25.3
Veliko Polje -43.5 Banja Luka (Sprska R.) -28.4 41.8 Bijeljina (Sprska R.) -28.6 43
Sokolac (Sprska R.) -34.6 36 BOTSWANA Gabarone -6.5 42.7 Francistown -6.5 42.1 Ghanzi -8.5 42.2 Tsabong -10.6 43.5* * an unofficial reading of 44.1C was recorded in October 2016 Maun -6.4 43.8
Ramotswa 44.3* * unofficial BRAZIL Brasilia 1.6* 36.5* * extreme temperatures of 1.3C and 36.6C were recorded at the Airport station Sao Paulo -2.1* 37.8* * unofficial temperatures of -4C and 39.3C were recorded in other parts of the city Rio de Janeiro Center10.2* 39.1* * extreme temperatures of 4.8C and 43.2C were recorded in other parts of the city Salvador de Bahia 16.8* 37.1 * a lowest temperature of 14.6C was recorded in the Airport Recife 16.8 36 Fortaleza 17.6* 36 * 16.8C was also recorded in the Porangaba Station Belem 18.4 38.5 F.de Noronha Island18.9 33 Teresina 13.8* 42.4 * a record of 11.6C in 1922 is likely incorrect Manaus 17.2 39.7 Boa Vista 18.2 40 Belo Horizonte 2.2 37.1* * 38.6C was also recorded in the Airport station Porto Alegre -4 40.7* * unofficial 41.3C was recorded in February 2010 Curitiba -6.3* 35.5* * unofficial temperatures of -8.9C and 37.4C were recorded in the old Observatory Foz do Iguacu -4.2 40.4 Florianopolis 1.3* 40 * a lowest of -1.0C was also recorded at the Airport station Campo Grande -3.4 41 Orleans -5.8 44.6 Bom Jesus do Piaui 11.9 44.8* * very questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Sao Joaquim -10 31.4 Xanxere -11.6 36.6 Cacador -14* 38 * unofficial Morro da Igreja -17.8* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BRUNEI Bandar Seri Begawan 18.4 38.3 BULGARIA Sofia -31.2 39.8* * 41.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station Plovdiv -31.5 45 Varna -24.3 41.4 Burgas -21.6 42.8 Sadovo -30.7 45.2* * questioned Montana 45.9* * unofficial,dubious Mussala Peak -31.6 20 Trun -38.3 37.3 BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou 8.5 44.5 Dori 5.7 47.5 Markoye 5 46 Banankaledaga 2.9* 41.9 * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BURUNDI Bujumbura 10.1 35.5* * 37C recorded in the old station is possibly unreliable Mparambo 7.5 37.5 Gisozi -0.9* 28.9 * recorded in the in the Marais station CAMBODIA Phnom Penh 12.8 41 Siam Reap 9.5 41.2 Battabang 10.4 41 Kampot 14.7 37.2 Stoeng Treng 9 41.4 Preah Vihear 42.8 Svay Leu 42.8 Popok Vil 7.1 Sen Monorom 5.7* 40.2* * unofficial, dubious CAMEROON Yaounde 11 35.7 Douala 18 37.7 Garoua 8.3 45.5 Maroua 6 45.9 Kousseri 9.7 47.7* * dubious Ngaoundere 3.2 39.5 Benoue River -0.7 Fako Peak -2.7* * unofficial CANADA Ottawa -38.9 37.8* * 38.9C was also recorded in the old Observatory Toronto City -32.8 40.6 Montreal -37.8* 36.6 * -42C was also recorded in 1859 Quebec City -36.7 36.1 Halifax -29.4 37.2 Saint John's -25* 31.5* * dubious extremes of -29.4C and 33.9C were recorded in the old Observatory Calgary -45 36.5 Edmonton -49.4 37.2* 37.4C was also recorded in the South Campus Station in 2021 Vancouver -18.3 34.4 * 40.6C also recorded in the West Vancouver station Victoria -15.6 39.8 Regina -50 43.9 Winnipeg -47.8 42.2 Churchill -49.4 36.9 Dawson -58.3 35 Yelloknwife -53.9 32.7 Sachs Harbour -52.2 24.8 Eureka -55.3 21.9 Alert -50 21 Cape Dorset -42.8 25 Lytton -31.7 49.6 Snag -62.8 Fort Nelson -71* * unofficial,dubious CAPE VERDE Praia 13.3 37.3 Sal 10 36 Mindelo 10 36.2 Monte Velha 5 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bangui 9.8 40.4 Bouar 10 40 Berberati 9.8 39.6 Birao 3.1 45 CHAD N'Djamena 6.5 46.6* * 47.0C was recorded in the city station in March 1936 Faya 2.5 48* * 49.7C recorded in 1952 was taken with not proper instruments Sarh 9.8 45 Bardai -4.5 43 Wour -5
Trou au Natron -6.8 26.8 CHILE Santiago Observ. -6.8 38.3 Valparaiso -4 37.8 Arica 5.2* 33.6 * a dubious 1.0C was also recorded in another station in 1952 Puerto Montt -8 35.1 Temuco -8.1 41.1* * a dubious 42.0 was also recorded in 1953 Los Angeles -7.9 42.2 Cauquenes 45* * dubious Punta Arenas -18.7 29.9 Balmaceda -28.3 35.3 Ollague -37 Coyhaique Alto -37 Evangelistas Islands -8 23.2 Robinson Crusoe Isl. 3 28.8 Easter Island 7.2 31* * 32.5C was also recorded at Hanga Roa Port in February 2017 CHINA Beijing -27.4 42.6* * dubious old temperature of 44.4C was recorded in July 1743 Shanghai -12.1* 40.9 * unofficial -13.3C recorded in January 1893 Fuzhou -1.9 41.9 Guangzhou (Canton) -0.6* 39.1 * unofficial record of -5.0C was set in January 1893 Shenzhen 0.2 38.7 Xiamen 0.1 39.6 Nanning -2.1 40.4 Chongqing -2.5 44 Chengdu -5.9 39.4* * 40.1C was also recorded in the old observatory Kunming -7.8 32.8 Wuhan -18.1 39.6* * 42.0C was also recorded in another station of the city Xian -20.6 42.9 Tianjin -22.9 41.5* * 43.3C was also recorded in another station in June 1942 Haikou 2.8 41.3 Shenyang -33.1 39.3 Harbin -41.4 39.2 Urumqi -41.5 42.1* * 44C was also recorded at the Airport Station Lhasa -16.5* 30.8* * old unofficial extremes of -20C and 31.7C were reported Xigaze -25.1 29
Turpan -28.9 49
Sanbao 52.2 Mohe -52.3 39.3 Jintao (Amur Town) -53* * semi-official ,recorded in a provincial automatic station Genhe -58* * unofficial Woody Island-Xisha (Paracel)15.3 34.9 Hong Kong Observatory 0 36.6 Hong Kong Airport 3 37.7 Wetland Park (H. Kong) 39 Sheng Shui (H. Kong) 39 Tai Mon Shan Peak(H.Kong)-6 29.4 Taipa Obs. (Macau) 38 Fortaleza do Monte (Macau)-1.8 38.9 Areia Preta (Macau) 39 Ka Ho (Macau) 39 COLOMBIA Bogota -6.4 26.8 Medellin 10 34.4 Cali 13.4 37.4 Barranquilla 18 39.8 Bucaramanga 12.4 34.2 Jerusalen 15 43.4 Leticia 14 39 Berlin -11 20.8 San Andres Island 17 34.8 COMOROS Moroni Airport 13.9 36.2 Ouani (Anjouan) 13.7 35 CONGO BRAZZAVILLE Brazzaville 10.3 37.6 Pointe Noire 12.4 34.8 Impfondo 12 39.6 Mpouya 12.5 39.2 Sibiti 8.9 34.8 CONGO KINSHASA Kinshasa 11.2 37.2 Lubumbashi 0.6 37.2 Kisangani 14.8 38.6 Kananga 13 35.3 Kisanga -2.8 36.6 Kulu 9 40.6 Yahila 41* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions COSTA RICA San Jose City 10.4* 32.6* * more extreme temperatures before 1970 were affected by overexposure Alajuela 11 35.2 Liberia 11 40.1 Puntarenas 15.4 40 Cerro Huacalito 41.5 Puerto Limon 13.2 34.6 Villa Mills -2 27.5 Irazu Volcano -3.4 23.2 COTE D'IVOIRE Yamoussoukro 8.2 40.3 Abidjan 14.7 37.3 Odienne 7.8 41.5 Man 6 39.4 CROATIA Zagreb -22.2* 40.3* * extremes of -30.5C and 40.4C were recorded in other city stations Dubrovnik -7 39.4 Split -9 42.3 Rijeka -14.6 40 Osijek -27.1 40.6 Ploce 42.8 Varazdin -29 39.4 Palagruza -4.3 35.7 Gracac -34.6 Cakovec -35.5* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Gospic -33.5* 38.7 * an unofficial and questioned -36C was also recorded in February 1929 CUBA Havana City 6 38.5 Havana Jose Marti 1.2 38.1 Bainoa 0.6 36.5 Sancti Spiritus 4.8 38.5 Pinar del Rio 5.1 37.8 Camaguey 3 38.2 Santiago 8.3 37.8 Guantanamo 9.9 38.5* * 38.9C was recorded in the US Base in Guantanamo Bay in 2017 Veguitas 7 39.7 CYPRUS Nicosia -5.6 46.2 Larnaca -3.9 43.9 Akotriri -2.2 40.2 Paphos -3.9 42.5 Prodromos -10.7 38.4 Trikoukkia -12.8 Trodos Mt Station -12.8 Mount Olympus -16 Ercan-Tynvou (N.Cyprus)-4 45 Lefkonico (North Cyprus)-4.5 46.6 Turkeli (North Cyprus) 46.8 Alevkaya (North Cyprus) -5.4 CZECH REPUBLIC Prague Clementinum-27.6* 37.9 * -29.6C was also recorded in the Kbely district in 1929 Prague Uhrineves -29 40.2 Brno -27.2* 38.5 * -30.9C was also recorded in the Jundrov station in 1929 Ostrava -27.3 38 Milesovca -28.3 36.5 Dobrichovice 40.4 Litvinovice -42.2 DENMARK Copenhagen -25* 33.8 * -26.3C was also recorded in January 1789 Aalborg -27.2 34.4 Odense -23.1 35.4 Ronne -20.5 32.6 Holstebro 36.4 Horsted/Thy -31.2 Nuuk(Greenland) -32.5 24.9 Upernavik(Greenland)-41 20.5 Kangerlussuaq (Green.)-47.2 25.5 Maniitsoq (Greenland) -25.8 25.9 Tasilaq (Greenland)-30.3 25.3 Nord (Greenland) -51.9 17 Summit (Greenland) -67.2 3.6 Klinck (Greenland) -69.6 Torshavn (Faroe) -13.5 22.5
Vaga Floghavn (Faroe)-12.3 26.3
DJIBOUTI Djibouti City 15 47.1 Djibouti Serpent 47.3* * a suspicious 49.5C was likely taken under not proper conditions Tadjourah 49.5* * questioned ,likely taken under not proper conditions Dikhil 11 DOMINICA Roseau 15* 35* * dubious,likely recorded under not proper conditions Melville Airport 15.2 34.3 Canefield Airport 18 36.6 Brantridge 13.9 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo 13* 37.7 * 11.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station Puerto Plata 9.4 39 Santiago 10.1 37.9 Barahona 15 38.4 Mao 12.2 40.4* * a record of 43.2C was taken with not proper instruments Jimani 12 40.8 Boca de Mao 41.4 Constanza 0 32.5 Duarte Peak -8* * unofficial Las Piramides -9* * unofficial ECUADOR Quito Observatory 0 29.9 Guayaquil 14 37.2 Cuenca -2.9 29.3 Nuevo Rocafuerte 14 38.5 Putumayo 38.6 Zapotillo 38.6 Izobamba -4.3 24.7 Latacunga -6 28.1 El Refugio Cotopaxi-14.2 San Cristobal (Galapagos)12.7 35 Puerto Ayora (Galapagos) 12 35.3 Bellavista (Galapagos) 10 34.6 EGYPT Cairo -1.1 48.4
Giza -4 48 Alexandria 2.2 45.1 Kharga -2.1 50.3 Aswan -2.4 50.9* * old town record of 51.0C was recorded under not proper exposure conditions Luxor -2 50 Port Said 0 45 Sharm El Sheik 5 46 Nekhel -8.8 43.8 Jabal Zubayr -15 40 EL SALVADOR San Salvador 8.2 38.6 Acajutla 15.1 40.2 La Union 13 42 San Miguel 10 44.8 La Hachadura 45* * suspicious,likely taken under not proper exposure Los Naranjos -4 32 El Pital Peak -6.1 EQUATORIAL GUINEA Malabo 16 35.3 Bata 15 35.6 Moka 8 Basile Peak 4* * unofficial ERITREA Asmara -4 31.1 Massawa 10 48 ESTONIA Tallin -34.4 34.3 Tartu -38.6 35.2 Voru -43.4 35.6 Jogeva -43.5 34.6 ESWATINI Mbabane -6.1 38.3 Manzini 0 42.8 Lavumisa -0.5 47.4 ETHIOPIA Addis Abeba City -0.5* 32* * extreme temperatures of -3.5C and 34.0C were recorded in other parts of the city Gondar -2.8 34.1 Debre Birhan -8 Sanetti Plateau -15* 26* * unofficial Dallol 48.9 Elidar 48 Assaita 49.6* * very dubious FIJI Suva Airport 12.8 34.9* * an old suspicious record of 36.7C was recorded in another Station Nadi 11.3 37.1 Nacocolevu 39.4* * very dubious Vatukoula 37.4 Londoni 37.6* * dubious Nadrau 6.5 Navai Valley 5.6 Rotuma Island 17 35.6 FINLAND Helsinki Kaisaniemi-34.3 33.2
Helsinki Vantaa AP -35.9 33.7 Turku -35.5 35.9* * very dubious Joensuu -39.5 37.2 Tampere -37 33.2 Jyvaskyla -38.5 35 Inari -48.7 32.6 Rovaniemi -47.5 32.1 Kittila-Pokka -51.5 31.8 Oulu -41.5 33.3 Lappeenranta -38.3 34.6 Lahti -40 35 Kuopio -39* 35.5 * -41.1C was also recorded in the Airport Station Sodankyla -49.5* 32.1 * -51.3C was also recorded in February 1862 Marienhamn (Aland)-32.9 31.3 Jomala (Aland) -33.1 31.6 FRANCE Paris Downtown -23.9 42.6 Paris St.Maur -25.6 43.6 Paris Orly -16.8 41.9 Lyon -24.6* 41.4 * -25.0C was also recorded in the Parc de la Tete d'Or Station in January 1893 Marseille -16.8* 40.6 * -17.5C was also recorded in January 1819 and in January 1709 Bordeaux -16.4* 42.6 * -23.8C was also recorded in January 1709 Nice -7.2 37.7 Strasbourg -23.6* 39.5 * -26.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Lille -19.5 41.5 Perpignan -11 42.4 Auxerre -20.2 41.1* * 41.5C was also recorded in August 1892 Caen -19.6* 39.7 * -20.7C was also recorded in the Ecole Normale Station in February 1895 Grenoble -27.1 39.5 Nantes -15.6 40.3 Toulon -9 40.1 Toulouse Airport -19.2 42.4* * 44C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments Verargues 46 Le Triadou 46.1* * unofficial Chamonix -31 37.2 Mont Aigoual -28 30.4 Mouthe -36.7* 35.7* * unofficial records of -41.2C and 36.0C were set in 1985 and 1952 Saint Die des Vosges-37 Mont Blanc -43 9.3* * recorded on the Italian side
Ajaccio -8.1 40.3* * a record of 43C was also recorded at the Milelli station Bastia -5 38.3 St Pierre (St Pierre Mi.)-22.5 28.3 Cayenne (French Guiana) 20.1 34.4 Cayenne AP (French Guiana)17.2 35.6 Saul (French Guiana) 14.8 36.2 Saint Laurent (F. Guiana) 17.5 38.9 Grand Santi (F. Guiana) 39.3 Fort de France(Martinique)17.3 35 Lamentin (Martinique) 14.1 35.4 Ducos (Martinique) 14.1 36.6 Champflore (Martinique) 12.1 32 Fonds-St-Denis (Martinique) 12* 33.4 * very dubious Raizet (Guadeloupe) 13 34.2 Basse Terre (Guadeloupe) 15 35 St-Claude (Guadeloupe) 11* 33 * an unofficial value of 9.8C was recorded in December 1996 Soufriere Volcano (Guad.) 7.6* 29.9 * unofficial Bailif (Guadeloupe) 36.5 Gustavia (Saint Barthelemy)15.6 35.8 Orleans (Saint Martin) 17 36.1 Papeete (French Polynesia)14.9 34.6 Bora Bora (French Polyn.) 17.7 35.2 Atuona (French Polynesia) 18.1 36.1 Rapa (French Polynesia) 8.5 31.6 Noumea (New Caledonia) 12.2 36.8 La Roche (New Caledonia) 2.8 35.3 Boulouparis (New Caledonia) 39.9 Bourail (New Caledonia) 2.3 38 Hihifo (Wallis) 18 33.5 Mala'etoli (Wallis) 17.6* 35.2* * suspicious Maopoopo (Futuna) 19 35.8 Saint Denis (Reunion I.) 12.8 35.2 St Paul (Reunion) 37.3 Cilaos (Reunion I.) 0.1 32 Gite de Bellecombe (Reunion)-5 25.5 Dzaoudzi AP (Mayotte) 15.6 35 Trevani (Mayotte) 36.4 Vahibe Prima (Mayotte) 14.5 Tromelin Island 17.4 35.5 Glorioso Island 15.9 35.1 Juan de Nova Island 18.2 37.5 Europa Island 9.4 35.8 Port Aux Francais (Kerguelen) -9.5 25.8 Possession Island (Crozet) -6.6 23.6 Amsterdam Island 1.8 26.4 GABON Libreville 16.1 35.1 Franceville 12 36.1 Mouila 12.5 37.2 Tchibanga 14 37.5 Mekambo 10 GAMBIA Banjul 7.2 44.4 Kuntaur 46.8 Jenoi 46.8 Boraba 4.4
GEORGIA Tbilisi -24.4 40.6* * unofficial and questioned 42.0C was also recorded in July 1882 Kutaisi -17 43.1 Batumi -7.5 40.6 Zugdidi -15.3 42.4 Mta Sabueti -27 34.4 Martvili 45.5* * dubious Kartsakhi -41 Mt Kazbegi Met.Stat.-42 17 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) -13 41.7 Pskhu (Abkhazia) -27 41 Lata (Abkhazia) 43 Tskhinvali (S.Ossetia)-28 36 GERMANY Berlin -26.1* 38.9 * -31.9C was also recorded at Blankenburg station in January 1893 Koln -24.9 41.1 Frankfurt -27.2 40.2
Munich -31.6 37.7 Hamburg -29.1 40.1 Stuttgart -25.8 38.9 Essen -24 40 Bremen -23.6* 37.6 * a dubious -35.6C was recorded in December 1788 Dresden -30.5* 39.8 * -32.1C was also recorded in December 1788 Hannover -26* 38.9 * -29.4C was also recorded in December 1788 Leipzig -27.6* 38.5 * -28.7C was also recorded in 1776 Dusseldorf -22.8 40.7 Karlsruhe -25.4 40.2 Heligoland -11.2 28.7 Duisburg -19.6 41.2 Tonisvorsts -20.5 41.2 Lingen -20.5 42.6 * questioned, likely taken under not proper conditions Landesbut -45* * unofficial Funtensee -45.8* * unofficial, questioned Hull -37.8 37.4 Zugspitze -35.6 17.9 GHANA Accra 15 38 Kumasi 10.6 39 Bui 6.7 Navrongo 44.6 GREECE Athens Hellinikon -4.2 43 Athens Votanikos -10.4 44.5 Elefsina -7 48* * questioned Tatoi -8.8 48* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Thessalonik -14* 44 * -15C was also recorded in January 1858 Tripolis -17 43 Patras -6.4 43.5 Heraklion (Crete) -1 44.4* * 45.7C was recorded in the city station in 1916 Rhodes Airport -3.9 42 Larissa -21.6* 45.5 * -22C was also recorded in January 1858 Ptolemaida -27.8 41.7 Kechroti -35.3* * unofficial GRENADA Saint George's Airp.16.734 * recorded in the old downtown station Pearls Airport 16.1 Mac Donald College 35.7 Mirabeau 16 Grand Etang 13 * very dubious GUATEMALA Guatemala City 4.2 33.9 Flores 9 43.6 Estanzuela 7 45 Gualan 6 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Usumatlan 8 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Puerto San Jose 12 40.2 Puerto Barrios 11 41 Huehuetenango -5.5 35.4 Quetzaltenango -11.5 30.2
GUINEA Conakry 16.1 38* * 38.3C was recorded in the old Observatory Labe 3.8 40 Mali Ville 1.4 Siguiri 6.8 42.5 Koundara 45 GUINEA BISSAU Bissau 12.2 41.4 Bolama 15.2 40 Bafata 10 43.6 Farim 7 43.2 GUYANA Georgetown 17.4* 36.3* * extremes of 16.4C and 38.0C were also recorded at the Airport Station Mazaruni 15 37.8 Kaieteur Falls 13 Lethem 39.2 Ebini 40.1 Mount Roraima 1* * unofficial HAITI Port au Prince 15 39.4 Gonaives 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Saint Marc 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Fort des Pins 1 Seguin 1 HONDURAS Tegucigalpa 3.9 37.8 San Pedro Sula 9.4 43.3 Guayabillas 45.5* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Santa Rosa de Copan 2.9 37 La Esperanza -0.6 31.9 El Pelon -3* * unofficial HUNGARY Budapest Observ. -23.4* 40.1* * extremes of -27C and 40.7C were recorded in the Airport stations Debrecen -31.6 40.2 Szeged -29.1 40.1 Pecs -27 41.3 Baja -34.1 41 Kiskunhalas 41.9 Miskolctapolca -35 Bukk Fennsic -35.5* * unofficial, recorded in a sinkhole ICELAND Reykjavik -24.5 26.2 Akureyri -32.5* 29.4 * -35.7C also recorded in March 1810 Teigarhorn -25.5 30.5 Grimsey Island -30.8 22.3* * unofficial 26.2C in August 1876 was likely recorded under not standard conditions Grimsstaoir -37.9 Moorudalur -38 32.8* * unreliable, likely taken under not proper exposure conditions INDIA New Delhi City -0.6 47.2 New Delhi Palam -2.2 48.4 Mumbai Santacruz AP 7.4 42.2
Mumbai Colaba Obs. 11.7 41.6 Kolkata 5 43.9 Chennai 13.9 45 Bengaluru 7.8 39.2* * temperatures as high as 41C were recorded in others city's suburbia stations Prayagraj (Allahabad)-0.7 48.9 Lucknow -1 48.3 Jaipur -2.2 48.5 Nagpur 3.9 48.6 Hyderabad 6.1 45.5 Jammu 0.6 47.4 Chandigarh 0 46.5 Goa 13.3 39.8 Bikaner -4 49.5 Ganganagar -2.8 50 Phalodi -3.3 51 Cherrapunji -1 33.1 Srinagar -19.9 38.3 Leh -30.6 36.6
Kargil -32.8 38.4 Darbuk -34 Dras -45* 33 * Dras temperatures were likely taken under not proper conditions Siachen Glacier -55* * unofficial,dubious Amini Divi 18.3 37.7 Minnicoy Island 16.7 36.7 Port Blair (Andaman)16.1 36.8 Long Island (Andaman) 37.6 INDONESIA Jakarta Observat. 18.9* 37* * records of 16.9C and 37.9C were set at the Airport and the Port stations Surabaya 16.5 38.8 Semarang 17 39.5 Cirebon Jatiwangi 17 40 Kotabumi 40.2* * dubious Medan 17.2 37 Banjarmasin 17 39 Makassar 14.4 39 Den Pasar (Bali) 17 36.1 Jayapura 17.6 36.9 Wamena 4.9 31.6 Ambon 18.3 36.4 Kupang 14.2 38.4 Kertasarie Estate -5.6
Puncak Jaya -8* * unofficial IRAN Tehran -20.6 43 Esfahan -20.1 44.6 Shiraz -14 43.6 Tabriz -25.4 42 Mashad -28 43.8 Abadan -5 53 Ahvaz -7 53.7 Jask 5 47.2 Ardebil -33.8 40.5 Saqqez -36 41 Bijar -36* 38.3 * a questioned temperature of -38C was likely recorded with not proper instruments Kheyrabad -36.4 Mt. Damavand -54* * unofficial IRAQ Baghdad -8.5* 51.8 * unofficial temperature of -12.2C also recorded Nassirya Airport -7.2 53 Najaf -7.2 51.5 Basra -4.7 53.9 Kirkuk -7 50.6 Mossul -17.6 51.1* * suspicious Salahaddin -10.2 41.8 IRELAND Dublin -15.6* 33.1* * extremes of -15.7C and 31.9C were recorded at the Casement Aerodrome Cork -9.4 29.4 Shannon -11.9 32 Valentia -7.7 29.8 Kilkenny -14.1 33.3* * dubious Lough Boora 32.5 Markree Castle -19.1 29.4 ISRAEL Tel Aviv -1.9 43.6* * a questioned 46.5C was also recorded in 1916 Jerusalem -6.7 42.7* * a questioned 44.4C was also recorded in 1881 Haifa -3.5 44.6 Beer Sheva -5 46.2 Eilat 0.9 48.9 Sedom 3 49.9 Almog (Qalya) 51.2* * unofficial 51.4C was also recorded in 2010 Tirat Tsvi 54* * wrong data caused by a faulty instrument Merom Golan -14.2 41.4 Mount Avital -14.3* * unofficial, questioned Jericho (West Bank)-0.4 50.5 Hebron (West Bank) -8.6
Gaza (Gaza Strip) -2 45.9 ITALY Rome Center -7.5 42.9 Rome Fiumicino Air.-7.8 39 Milan City -17.3 38.3* * 38.8C was also recorded in other parts of the city Turin Observatory -19.1 39.7* * 41.6C was also recorded in the Turin North station Florence City -12.9 42.1 Florence Airport -23.2 42.8 Venice -15* 37.5 * -18C was also recorded in December 1788 Genoa -8.5 38.5 Bologna -18.8 40.5 Naples -6* 40.5 * recorded at the Airport Station Bari -7.6 45.6 Palermo Observatory -2 47 Cagliari -4.8 44.6 Siracusa 48.8 Lampedusa Island 2.2 40.9 Plateau Rosa -34.6 15* * unofficial 17.2C was also recorded nearby in 2003 Monte Rosa Obs. -41 10.1 Mont Blanc -43* 9.3 * recorded on the French side Livigno -38 29 Gran Gioves -42 Busa Riviera -50.4* * recorded in a frost hollow JAMAICA Kingston 13.3 37.1 Montego Bay 12.8 37 St Andrews 39.1 Blue Mount.Range 0.7 23.3 JAPAN Tokyo City -9.2 39.5* * unofficial 42.7C was recorded at the Primary School Station Osaka City -7.5 39.1 Kyoto -11.9 39.8 Sendai -11.7 37.3 Sapporo -28.5 36.3 Yamagata -20 40.8 Kumagaya -11.6 41.1 Mount Fuji -38 17.8* * questioned 18.2C also recorded in August 2007 Asahikawa -41 37.9 Bifuka -41.5* 35.9 * unofficial Nagoya -10.3 40.3 Hiroshima -8.6 38.7 Nagasaki -7* 37.7 * recorded at the Airport Station Naha (Okinawa) 4.9 36
Chichijima 7.8 34.1 Minamitorishima Is.13.8 35.6 JORDAN Amman -7.5 43.4* * 44.4C was also recorded in the Queen Alia AP in August 2023 Ma'an -8.4 43.5 Aqaba 0.6 48.8 Deir Alla 51.1 Shoubak -14* 38.2 * a temperature of -16C in December 2013 is suspicious KAZAKHSTAN Astana -51.6 41.6 Almaty -37.7 43.4 Atbasar -45.9* 41.6 * a dubious -57C also recorded in January 1893 Semey -51.4 42.5 Kazalinsk -41.1 45.2
Pavlodar -47.2 42 Fort Shevchenko -30 41.8 Karaganda -42.9 40.2 Turkestan -38.6 49.1 Tasty -37.8 50* * dubious Orlovka -62* * dubious KENYA Nairobi 2 32.8 Mombasa 13.6 36.5 Garissa 13.9 41 Wajir 14.5 42.6 Eldoret 1.1 30.6 Ettrick Estate -3.3 Teleki Valley -13 Mount Kenya -22 11 KIRIBATI Bonriki (Tarawa) 20 35.3 Butaritari 18.9 35 Tabuaeran 18.3 34.2 Christmas Island 18.9 34.4 Beru 20.3 35.2 Kanton Island 21.1 35.6 Banaba 20 35.6 KUWAIT Kuwait Int. Airport -4 52.1
Kuwait City -4.4* 51.9 * a temperature of -6.1C was also recorded at Omariya Station in January 1964 Mitribah 54* * a faulty record of 54.4C in 2010 was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bubiyan Island -4.8 51.2 Al Salmi -4.8 50.9 KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek -34.4 42.8 Jany-Zher -42.7 43.6 Naryn -38 36.9 Ak Say -53.6 23.5 LAOS Vientiane 2.4 42.6 Luang Prabang 0.8 43.5* * a record of 44.8C was probably recorded with not proper instruments Savannakhet 1 42* * a 44.4C in April 1974 was recorded with not proper instruments Pakse 7.2 41.3 Tha Ngon 43.7 Xiang Khoang Plat. -3.3 37 LATVIA Riga -34.9 34.1* * 35.0C was also recorded in July 1811 Liepaja -32.9 35.6 Aluksne -37.4 33.3 Daugavpils -43.2 36.4 Rucava 36.5 Ventspils 37.8* * questioned LEBANON Beirut Observatory -1.1 43.2 Beirut Nazareth -1.5 44.8 Tripoli -2.3 39.6 Ksara -18.3 41.2 Yammoune -22.7* * it is also found rounded to -23.5C Houche Al Oumara 45.4 Haouch ed Dahab 46.7* * very dubious, likely recorded with not proper instruments LESOTHO Maseru -10 39.4 Oxbow -16.9 Lets'eng-La-Draai -20.4 31 Sani Pass -27.5* * questioned LIBERIA Monrovia Downtown 18 36.5 Roberts Int.Airport 12.8 36.7 Voinjama 4.4 Ganta 40 Tapeta 40 LIBYA Tripoli City -0.6 47 Tripoli Airport -1.3 49.1 Misurata 0 47.6 Sirt 0.4 48.5 Benghazi Benina 0.6 45.6 Ghadames -8 48.4 Jalo -2.8 49.1 Zuwarah -1.1 50.2 Hon -9 48 Al Azizia -3 48* * an old record of 58.0C was recorded under terrible exposure conditions LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz -26 36 Ruggel 37.4 Malbun -30 28 LITHUANIA Vilnius -37.2 35.4 Kaunas -36.3 35.3 Zarasai 37.5 Utena -42.9 34.5 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg -23.1 39 Remich -19 40.5 Steinsel 40.8 Wiltz -24.6 MADAGASCAR Antananarivo 1.2 34.8* * an old record of 36C was also set in the Observatory Toamasina (Tamatave) 8 38.9 Tulear 6 42.3 Nosy Be 12.8 37 Antsiranana 13 36.7 Ejeda 43.6 Nanokeli -8.5 Mount Andringitra -11 30 Andringitra Massif -16* * unofficial MALAWI Lilongwe -0.6 38.9* * dubious,recorded in the City Hall station Blantyre 4.4 40.1* * recorded at the Airport Zomba 5 38.6 Chelinda -6.7 26.5 Nsanje 46 Nkate 6.7 46 Chingala 46 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 17.8 37.9 Penang 18 37.2 Malacca 18.9 38 Chuping 16.1 40.1 Cameron Highlands 2.2* 27.9 * an unofficial temperature of 0.1C was also recorded Kuching 17.8 37.3 Sibu 16.5 37.1 Kota Kinabalu 18.6 36.5 Kudat 19.5 37.6 Keningau 15 37.3 Panar Laban Hut 0.6* * unofficial Labuan 20 37.1 MALDIVES Male 19 34.9 Hanimaadhoo 18.2 35.1 Gan 19.7 33.6 Kadhdhoo 20 34.8* * a dubious 36.8C was recorded in May 1991 MALI Bamako 6.1 46 Kayes 8.8 48.5 Gao 6.5 48.2 Timbuctu 4.8 47.8 Kidal 0.5 47.8 MALTA Valletta 1.2* 41.9 * a dubious 0.0C was also recorded in January 1858 Luqa Airport 1.4 43.8 Balzan 2.6 43.1 Ta'Qali -1.7* * unofficial Nadur 44.4 MARSHALL ISLANDS Majuro 20 34* * dubious Kwajalein 20 33.3 Utirik 35.6 MAURITANIA Nouakchott 3.9 48 Nouadhibou 5 45.4 Bir Moghrein 1 49.1 Kiffa 5 49 Atar 2 48.9 Akjoujt 6 50* * dubious Moudjeria 50* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments MAURITIUS Port Louis 10.5 38* * dubious Plaisance Airport 11 34.4* * a dubious 35.9C also recorded in January 1952 Pamplemousses 8.9 35.5
Constance 36.6 Vacoas 7.7 31.6 Belle Rive 6.5 Agalega Island 16.8 35.8 Rodrigues Island 14.5 34.1 Raphael Island(Cargados) 15.9 35.6* * unofficial and dubious reading of 36.1C was also recorded in 1946 MEXICO Mexico City -4.4 34.7 Guadalajara -5.5 40.5 Monterrey -8.5* 46.5 * an unofficial record of -15C was recorded in February 1895 in the highest parts of the city Acapulco 15 40.5 Puebla -9 36 Tijuana -1.5* 43.3 * a questioned -4.0C was also recorded in December 1954 La Paz -1.9 44 Tampico -2.5 45 Ciudad Victoria -6.1 47.4 Cancun 7.2 39.5* * dubious Merida 5 44* * a record of 45.0C was reported in the northern city statio Mexicali -8 52 Rancho Williams -5 52* * dubious Delta -6 52* * dubious Tepache -4.5 52 Chihuahua -16* 43.1 * -18C was also recorded at the Airport Villa Ahumada -30 46 Mohinora Peak -31* * unofficial MICRONESIA Pohnpei 18.1 36.1* * a dubious 36.7C was also recorded in November 2009 Chuuk 18.9 35.6 Yap 18.3 35.9 MOLDOVA Chisinau -31.5 39.4 Bratuseni -35.5 Falesti 42.4 Tiraspol (Transnistria) -30* 41 * unofficial -32C was also recorded Slobodzya (Transnistria) 41.9 Camenca (Transnistria)-32.8 41.5 MONACO Monaco Ville -3 34
Jardin Exotique -5.2 35.1 MONGOLIA Ulaan Bataar -49 39 Murun -47.2 37.4
Choibalsan -41.6 41.9 Altai -42.1 32 Khongor 44.5 Tosontsengel -52.9 36 Zungoovi -55.3 Uvs Lake -56 MONTENEGRO Podgorica Downtown -9.7 44.8 Podgorica Airport -12 42.5 Bar -7.2 37.7 Danilovgrad 44.8 Rozaje -32 36 Kosanica -33.4 MOROCCO Rabat Sale -3.2 47.2
Casablanca Airport -2.7 45.2 Fez Airport -7.9* 46.7* * records of -8.2C and 47.1C were taken in the City Observatory Tangier -4.2 43.5 Agadir -2.6 50.4* * a dubious record of 51.8C in August 1940 is probably incorrect Sidi Ifni 51* * dubious Marrakech -5 49.6 Essaouira 3.8 34 Ifrane -24 37.8 Dayet Hachlaf -25.5 El Aaiun(W.Sahara) 2.8 47.2 Semara (W.Sahara) 2.8 50.7 Dakhla (W. Sahara) 7.2 42.2 MOZAMBIQUE Maputo 5.1 45.5 Inhambane 6.6 37.3 Quelimane 9.9 44.4 Pemba 12 36 Tete 7.7 46 Maue -2.8 37.4 Chibuto 7.5 47.3 MYANMAR Naypyitaw 10 44.5 Yangon 9.1 42.5 Mandalay 5.6 45.6 Myinmu 47.2 Kawthaung-Victoria P.15 40 Dawei 5.5 40.7 Myitkyina 5 41.8 Hakha -6 32.5 NAMIBIA Windhoek -6.9 39.5 Gobabis -9.9 41.7 Walvis Bay Airport 0 42.8 Noordoewer -1.1 47.8 Stampriet -10.5* 43.7 * recorded at Rohrback Farm NAURU Yaren 20.4 34.6* * a dubious record of 35.3C was set in 1938 NEPAL Kathmandu -3.9 37.8 Pokhara 0.5 38.5 Dhangadi 0 46.4 Jumla -15 34.6 Lomantang -22.5 Tsho Rolpa Lake -23.2 14.6 Machhermo -25* * unofficial NETHERLANDS Amsterdam Airport -19.7 36.4 De Bilt -24.7 37.5 Rotterdam -20.3* 37.2 * -20.4C was recorded in the city station Eindhoven -21.7 40.4 Maastricht Airport-19.3* 39.6 * old city station also recorded -22.9C Gilze Rijen -20.2 40.7 Winterswijk -27.4 Oranjestad (Aruba) 19 35.3 Queen Beatrix Airport (Aruba) 19 36.5 Flamingo Airport (Bonaire) 19.8 36.3 Kralendijk (Bonaire) 18* 35.5 * an unreliable 16.4C was recorded in December 1962
Hato Airport (Curacao) 19 38.3 Willemstad (Curacao) 19* 36 * a dubious 17C was also recorded at the Fort Nassau station in 1933 Sumbu (Curacao) 18.9 Princess Juliana AP(St Maarten)17 35 Roosevelt AP(Sint Eustatius) 16.4 34.3 Oranjestad (Sint Eustatius) 16.3* * a dubious 16.0C was also recorded in December 1966 Saba Airport (Saba) 20 34.4 National Marine Park (Saba) 16 35 Windwardside (Saba) 16 Hell's Gate (Saba) 16 NEW ZEALAND Wellington -1.9 30.6* * an old record of 31.1C in 1895 is suspicious Auckland -2.5 33.1* * a questioned temperature of 34.4C was recorded in Albert Park Station Christchurch -7.2* 41.6 * an old -10.4C was recorded in the outskirts of the city Dunedin -8.8 35.7 Invercargill -9.1 32.3 Queenstown -12.2 34.1 Westport -3.5 29.2 Rangiora -7.6 42.4 Ranfurly -25.6 33.7 Raoul Island 7.4 31
Chatham Island -2.5 26.8 Campbell Island -7.9 21.2 Enderby Island -4.2 17.2 Alofi (Niue) 11.5 34.6 Hanan Airport (Niue) 10.6 33.9 Aitutaki(Cook Islands) 12.8 35.6* * very dubious, likely recorded under not proper conditions Avarua-Rarotonga(Cook) 8.9 35.4 Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 19.3 35.1 Fakaofo (Tokelau) 19 35.6 NICARAGUA Managua 14 38.8 Leon 13 40 Jinotega 8.6 34.6 Esteli 5.5 35.8
Chinandega 11 41.6 San Francisco Libre 42* * very dubious Rivas 16.3 36.9 Bluefields 16 39.4 NIGER Niamey 8.3 47 Agadez 3 47.1 Bilma -2.4 49 Nguigmi 3 47.1 Tillabery 6 47.5 NIGERIA Abuja 8 42 Lagos 13.9 38 Port Harcourt 13.9 38.6 Ilorin 9 40.2 Kano 3.9 44.8 Maiduguri 6.1 46.1 Yola 46.4* * dubious Sokoto 3.9 47.2* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jos 1.1 37.2 Potiskum 2.8 46.1 NORTH KOREA Pyongyang -30.2 37.9 Chunggang -43.6 40.2 Wonsan -24 39.7 Sinuiju -27.3 38.5 Haeju -19.4 38 Hoeryong -35.6 40.5 Sinmusong -45.1 Baekdu Mountain -51* * unofficial NORTH MACEDONIA Skopje -25.6 43.2 Bitola -29.4 41.2 Stip -24.4 43.5 Berovo -31.5 39 Demir Kapija 45.7 NORWAY Oslo Airport -32 33 Oslo City -26* 35 * -27.9C was also recorded in February 1871 Bergen -16.3 33.6 Trondheim -26.1 35 Tromso City -18.4* 30.2* * -21.8C and 30.4C were also recorded in suburbia stations Hammerfest -23.5 29.7 Nesbyen -38 35.6 Laksors 35.6* * unofficial Roros -50.4 30.7 Karasjok -51.4 32.6 Finse -39.6 24.8 Mount Fannaraki -33 18.5 Bjornoya Island -31.6 23.6 Hopen Island -36.9 17.4 Jan Mayen Island -30.6 18.1 Longyearbyen(Svalbard) -46.3 21.7 Barentsburg (Svalbard) -39.8 20.3 Gronfjorden (Svalbard) -49.4 Bouvet Island -18.7 10.6 OMAN Muscat Airport 9.4 49.2 Salalah 10 47.2 Fahud 5.6 50.7 Buraimi 2.5 50.8 Sohar Majis 5.7 50.8 Joba 51.6 Saiq -3.6 37.1 Jabal ash Sham -9.7 27.6 PAKISTAN Islamabad -4.3 46.6 Lahore -2.2 48.3 Karachi 0 47.8 Jacobabad -3.9 52.8 Mohenjo-daro -5.4 53.5 Turbat -2 53.5 Peshawar -3.9 50 Dalbandin -12.2 51.4 Quetta -18.3 42 Skardu -24.1 41* * an old 42.7C was also recorded in another station Astore -26 37 Arboi -30* * unofficial PALAU Ngerulmud Koror 20.6 35.6 Nekken Forestry 18.9 34.4 PANAMA Panama City 17.2 37 Tocumen Airport 17 37.5 David 16.5 38 Santiago 15.6 39.4 San Francisco 15.4 40 Bajo Grande 2 26.2 Baru Volcano -6* * unofficial PAPUA NEW GUINEA Port Moresby 14.4 37.2 Lae 17.3 39.4 Goroka 6.1 30.6 Laiagam -5 Kieta (Bougainville)17.8 35.6 Buin (Bougainville) 36.7 PARAGUAY Asuncion Downtown -2.3 43.1 Asuncion Airport -0.6 43* * 43.9C was also recorded in the AWS station Ciudad del Este -3 42.4 Encarnacion -6 42* * 42.1C was also recorded in the AWS station Concepcion -2.8 43.5* * 44.0C was also recorded in the downtown station Bahia Negra 0 44 Prats Gill -7.5 45.4 Las Palmas 46.2 PERU Lima 8.8* 33.8* * extremes of 6.8C and 35.2C were also recorded in La Molina district Iquitos 11.2 38.6 Cuzco -9 29.9 Arequipa -4 29.4 Tacna 0.6 33.5 Pucallpa 8 39.6 Piura 9.7 38.4 Tingo de Ponaza 41.8 Macusani -28.2 Chuapalca -28.3* * suspicious,likely taken under not proper exposure conditions PHILIPPINES Manila Metro 14.5* 38.8* * old unofficial records were 13.5C in February 1767 and 39.7C in May 1878 Tuguegarao 12.2 42.2 Baguio 3 30.4 Mount Pulag -8* * unofficial Basco 11.6 36.9 Cebu 16.9 37.5 Puerto Princesa 17.2 36.5 Cuyo 19 37.2 Cotabato (Mindanao)17.4 38.7 Gen.Santos (Mindanao)16.9 39.4 Malaybalay (Mindanao)10 36.6 POLAND Warsaw -32.5* 38 * -33.7C was also recorded in February 1855 Lodz -30.3* 37.6 * -32.5C was also recorded in the Ruda Pabianicka station Krakow -35.5 38.4* * 39.2C was also recorded in the Astronomical Observatory Poznan -29.1* 38.7 * -36.5C was recorded in January 1850 Gdansk -31.8 35.8 Slubice -29.4 39.5 Wroclaw -32 38.9 Proszkow -35.4 40.2 Kasprowy Wierch -30.2 23.4 Zywiec -40.6 38 Siedlce -33.3* 35.5 * -41C recorded in January 1940 was likely taken with not proper instruments Czarny Dunajec -41* 33.9 * unofficial Kalisz -42* 38 * unofficial,dubious Czechowice-Dziedzic -42* * unofficial Dubie -42* * unofficial,dubious Rabka -45* 34.4 * unofficial,questioned Jablonka -46* 33.9 * unofficial,questioned PORTUGAL Lisbon -1.2* 44 * an old record of -3.5C was also set in 1766 Porto -5 40.9 Faro -1.4 44.3 Setubal -5.3 45.5 Beja -5.5 45.4 Braganca -12 41.3 Amareleja 47.4 Penhas da Saude -16 Miranda do Douro -16 42 Funchal (Madeira) 4.4 38.7 Quinta Grande (Madeira) 39.1 Santo da Serra (Madeira) 40* * unofficial Arieiro Peak (Madeira) -7 Bica da Cana (Madeira) -9.5* * dubious Santa Maria (Azores)4.8 30.7 Lajes (Azores) 1.8 32.5 Cerrado dos Bezerros (Azores) 0.3 27 Cha das Lagoinhas (Azores) -3.5 QATAR Doha Airport 5 50.4 Umm Said 3 52.2* * dubious Abu Samra 1.5 ROMANIA Bucharest -30* 42.4 * -32.2C was also recorded in the Baneasa Airport in January 1942 Timisoara -35.3 41.1 Iasi -36.3 41.3 Cluj -34.2 38.5 Constanta -25 38.5 Galati -28.6 40.5 Miercurea Ciuc -38.4 36
Calafat -26 44.3 Ion Sion Farm (Ramnicelu)44.5* * questioned, likely recorded under not proper exposure conditions Varfu Omul -38 22.1 Bod -38.5 Gheorgheni Depression -43.5* * unofficial RUSSIA Moscow Observatory-42.1 38.2* * 39.7C was also recorded in the Bykovo Airport Station St.Petersburg -35.9 37.1 Nizhniy Novgorod -41.4 38.3 Kaliningrad -33.3 36.5 Archangelsk -45.2 34.4
Murmansk -39.4 32.9 Omnsk -49 40.4 Pechora -56 35 Ust'Schugor (Europe)-58.1 35 Sochi -13.4* 39.4 * unofficial lowest of -18C also recorded Grozny (Chechnya) -31.5 42 Astrakhan -33.8 41 Jaskul -36.1 44.4 Utta 45.4 Krasnoyarsk -52.8 36.4 Hatanga -59 36.7 Irkutsk -49.7 37.2 Verkhojansk -67.6* 38 * originally -69.8C, later corrected for reading and overexposure errors Oymyakon -67.7* 34.6 * an extrapolated data of -71.2C in 1926 is also on records Vladivostok Port -31.4 33.6 Magadan -34.6 27.8 Yuzhno-Kuril'ske -20.3 30.5 Cape Lopatka -21 20 Ust Kara (Asia) -50 42.7 Vize Island -47.9 9.2 RWANDA Kigali 9 35.4* * an old record of 35.6C is probably unreliable Butare 8.5 32 Kinigi 0 Ruhondo 0 ST KITTS AND NEVIS Basseterre 16.1 35.1 Golden Rock AP 16 34.1 Nevis Airport 18 34.1 ST LUCIA Castries 15.6 35.6 Soufriere 13.3* 36.1* * Soufriere old data was likely taken with not proper instruments Hewanorra Airport 16.1 33.9 Reunion 35.6 ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Kingstown Downtown 16.7 33.9 Camden Park 17.2 35.6 SAMOA Apia 16.1 35.2 Alaufa 15.3 34.9 Asau 16.8 36.5 Afiamalu 8.4 29.7* * a dubious 31.8C was also recorded in 2015 SAN MARINO San Marino City -13.6 39.9 Serravalle -18 40.3 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Sao Tome 13.3 36 Sto Antonio(Principe)15.6 34.7 Monte Cafe 8.7 32.5 SAUDI ARABIA Ryad -7.2 49 Yenbo 4.7 49.6 Madinah -1 49 Jeddah 9 52 Makkah 8 51.8 Gizan 11.8 45.3 Abha 0.2 38.1 Dhahran -1 51.1 Shaybah 2 53* * dubious Khurais -2 52 Turaif -12.2 47 SENEGAL Dakar 10.7 42.7 Matam 6.8 48.8 Podor 6.1 47.9 Fete Ole 49* * unofficial Linguere 5.4 47.7* * dubious Kaolak 7.9 47.8* * dubious Ziguinchor (Casam.) 7.8 45 Tambacounda 7.2 47 Diourbel 4.2 47.5 SERBIA Belgrade -26.2* 43.6 * -29.5C was also recorded in the Zemun Polje Airport in 1963 Novi Sad -30.7 41.6 Kraljevo -27.1 44.3 Smederevska Palanka-32.6 44.9 Cuprija -28.4 44.6 Nis -23.7 44.2 Sjenica -38 36.2 Karajukica Bunari -39.5 Kapaonik -26.6 30 Pristina (Kosovo) -27.2 40 Prizren (Kosovo) -23.6 42 Gnjilane (Kosovo) -32.5 SEYCHELLES Port Victoria 19.3 32.8 La Pointe La Rue AP19.6 34.8 Aldabra Atoll 17.5 36.3 SIERRA LEONE Freetown 15 37* * a questioned record of 38.6C was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bo 12 38.5 Makeni 9 39.4 Daru 11.7 40 Njala 6.1 40 Mano 40 Musaia 40* * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments Kabala 5 37.8 SINGAPORE Singapore Downtown 18.9 36.7 Changi Airport 20.2 36 Tengah Air Base 18.9 37 Ang Mo Kio 37 SLOVAKIA Bratislava -31.8* 39.4 * -36C was also recorded at Devínska Nová Ves Station in 1929 Kosice -30.5 39 Hurbanovo -35 40.3 Lomnicky Stit -31.5 19.5 Viglas Pstrus-Dolina -41 SLOVENIA Ljubljana -26.4* 40.2 * -28.2C was also recorded at the old Brnik Station in 1940 Kocevje -31.5 38 Murska Sobota -31 40.1 Maribor -26.7 40.6 Crnomelj -26.3 40.6 Cerklje ob Krki 40.8 Trebnje 41.4* * unofficial,dubious Mount Kredarica -28.3 21.6 Babno-Polje -34.5* 34.8 * unofficial temperature of -39.6C was recorded nearby in February 1929 Lepa Komna -49.1* * recorded in a frost hollow SOLOMON ISLANDS Honiara 16.6 36.1 Munda 17.4 35 Lata (Santa Cruz) 18.9 34.2 Kira Kira 15.6* 35.7* * very dubious Tulaghi 36.1* * dubious SOMALIA Mogadishu 15 39.8 Kisimayo 18 37.8 Baidoa 16.1 38.9 Bosaso 45.3 Qardho 5.6 Berbera (Somaliland)12.2 47.8 Hargeysa (Somaliland)2.8* 37.7 * old records as low as -1.1C are not reliable Erigavo (Somaliland)-3.3* 30.6 * dubious, like taken with not proper instruments SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town Observ. 1.4* 42.4 * -2.2C was also recorded in the former Wingfield airfield Pretoria -6.1 42.7 Bloemfontein -12.2 42* * an old dubious 42.8C also recorded Johannesburg -8.2 38.9 Cape Point 3.5 39.3 Durban 2.6 41.9 Port Elizabeth -0.5 40.7 Sutherland -16.4 37.9 Buffelsfontein -20.1* 38.6 * dubious Vioolsdrif 48.8
Dunbrody 50* * very dubious Marion Island -6.8 25.6 SOUTH KOREA Seoul -23.1* 39.6 * -24.4C was also recorded in another city station Incheon -21 38.9 Busan -14* 37.3 * -15.0C was also recorded in the Airport Station Taegu -20.2 40 Jeju -6* 37.5 * -7C was also recorded in the Airport Station Yangpyong -32.6 37.6 Taegwalliong -28.9 32.9 Cholwon -33* 38.4 * unofficial SOUTH SUDAN Ramciel 8.3* 43.3* * data from nearby town of Rumbek Juba 11.1 44.5 Wau 9.3 44.6* * an old suspicious 46.0C also recorded Raga 3.6 43.9 Renk 7.6 47.3 SPAIN Madrid Retiro Obs.-10.4 40.7 Madrid Barajas AP -15.2 42.7
Barcelona City -6.8* 39.8* * extremes of -10.0C and 40.0C were recorded at the Fabra Hill Observatory Barcelona Airport -8 37.4 Seville -5.8 46.6 La Coruna City -3 39.6 Valencia -8* 44.7* * extremes of -9.5C and 46.8C were also recorded in the Manises Airfield Granada Airport -14.2 46 Malaga Airport -3.8 44.2 Leon -17.4 38.2 Bilbao -8.6* 44 * an old record of -11.2C was likely taken with not proper instrument Ibiza Island -3 41 Calamocha -30 39.9 Murcia -6* 47 * -7.5C was also recorded in the Maciascoque Observatory in 1985 La Rambla 47.6 Totana 48* * unofficial Utrera 48* * unofficial Arahal 49* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Lora del Rio 48* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments La Palma del Condado 48* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Estany Gento -32 27.1 Vega de Liordes -35.8* * unofficial,recorded in a sinkhole Viña Acevedo (Ceuta)1.3 40.8 Monte Hacho (Ceuta)-0.4 38.5 Melilla -0.5 41.8 Sta Cruz de Tenerife(Canary)8.1 42.6 Gran Canaria AP (Canary) 6.5 44.2 Fuerteventura AP (Canary) 8 43 La Palma AP (Canary) 9.4 38.4 Lanzarote AP (Canary) 7.6 43.6 Hierro AP (Canary) 8 34.2 Arrecife (Canary) 7 48* * dubious Izana (Canary) -9.8 30.4 Teide Peak (Canary) -16.8 25.8 Canada de la Grieta(Canary)-21* 34 * unofficial SRI LANKA Colombo 15.2 37 Negombo Airport 15.3 38.4 Batticaloa 16.9 39 Trincomalee 16.5 39.8 Anuradhapura 11.8 39.8 Vavuniya 40.1 Bandarawela 5.3 33 Nuwara Eliya -2.7 27.7 SUDAN Khartoum 5.2 47.7 Port Sudan 10 48.9 Wadi Halfa 1 49.5 Abu Hamed 4.1 49.5 Dongola 1 49.7 Zalingei -1 42.7 El Fasher 0.6 46.3 Damazine 8.5 47 SURINAME Paramaribo 14.4 37.8 Zanderij 14.3 38 Nickerie 16.4 35 Placers L en F de Jong 17 39.3* * dubious SWEDEN Stockholm Observ. -32* 36* * old dubious records, likely taken with not proper instruments Stockholm Bromma -32.8 35.3 Gothenburg -26.4 34.1 Malmo -28 34 Uppsala -39.5 37.4 Linkoping -33.5 36.9 Vasteras -36.5 36 Malilla -33.8 38* * dubious Ultuna -32.2 38* * dubious Karesuando -49* 32.5 * an unofficial reading of -54C was recorded in the churchyard of the town Pitea -41.5 34.9 Nikkaluokta -49.4 28.5
Vuoggatjalme -52.6 29.3 Malgovik -53* * very questioned, recorded with private equipments Buttle (Gotland Is.)-32.8 35.2 Ekerum (Oland Is.) -29.2 33 Mossen (Oland Is.) -26.1 34.5 SWITZERLAND Bern -23.3 37 Geneva -19.9* 39.7 * -25.3C was also recorded in January 1838 Zurich Observat. -24.2 36* * a reading of 37.7C of 1947 have been corrected to 35.8C by Meteo Swiss Zurich Airport -24.8 37.1 Basel -24.1 39.1 Grono -13 41.5* * questioned,recorded under not proper conditions Lugano -14 37.1* * a reading of 38.0C of 1945 have been discounted by Meteo Swiss Saentis -32 21 Jungfraujoch -36.6 12.8 La Brevine -42.5* 33.7 * originally -41.8C, later corrected by Meteo Swiss Glattalp -52.5* * unofficial,recorded in a hollow frost SYRIA Damascus Airport -13.5* 46 * -15C was also recorded in Madaya Station in 1950 Aleppo -18 47.4 Palmyra -10.4 48.3 Deir El Zor -10.4 48.8 Hassakah -11 49.4 Tel Abiadh -16.5 46.5 Idlib -23
TAIWAN Taipei -0.2 39.7 Taichung -1 39.9* * a semi official reading of 41.2C was also in the Agro station Kaohsiung 4.4 37.2 Taitong 7.2 40.2 Penghu Island 7.2 36.7 Alishan -11.5 25.5 Yushan North Peak -18.4 23.8 Fuyuan 41.6 TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe -29 44.1 Khorog (Gorno Bad.) -32 39 Shaymak -51.6 27 Eastern Pamir -63* * unofficial Khundjand -22.8 45.9 Qurghonteppa -24.1 46 Aivadj 47 Nizhniy Pyandzh -27 48* * dubious TANZANIA Dar es Salaam Air. 12.8 36.3 Dodoma 7.6 36.7 Tanga 15.5 35.2 Mbeya -5.5* 32 * dubious Moshi 8 38.9 Kilimanjaro Airport 6 38.7 Kisauni (Zanzibar) 16 39.4 Wete (Pemba) 15.6 Mount Kilimanjaro -22* * unofficial THAILAND Bangkok 9.9 41 Pattaya 14.6 37.3 Phuket 17.4 39.4 Koh Samui 17.8 38 Narathiwat 17.1 39 Chiang Mai 3.7 42.5 Chiang Rai 1 42 Udon Thani 2.5 44.1 Ubon Ratchathani 6.7 43.3 Sakon Nakhon -1.4 43.4 Dan Sai -1.5 Tak 4.7 45.4 Doi Inthanon -8 Mt.Luang Chiang Dao -9* * unofficial TIMOR LESTE Dili 11.8 36.6 Viqueque 12 38 Manatuto 38.5 Oecusse 15.6 35.4 Hato Builico 1 25 TOGO Lome 14.3 37.8 Sokode 10 41.2 Mango 10 44 Palime 9.8 37 TONGA Nuku'Alofa 8.3 33.9 Fuaamotu Airport 8.7 34.4 Keppel Island 11.1 34.6 Niuafoou 13.2 35.5
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Port of Spain AP 15.6* 36.5 * a temperature of 14.4C in December 1929 is suspicious Tobago Airport 18.2 34.2 Penal 15 TUNISIA Tunis -3.8 49 Bizerte -2 48.9 Sfax Airport -2.3 47.8 Djerba 0 47.5 Kebili -5 48.9* * a wrong record of 55.0C was taken under terrible exposure conditions Kairouan -4.5 50.3 Burj al-Hattabah -9 Bou Chebka -10.3 TURKEY Ankara Downtown -24.9 41 Ankara Airport -31.2 41.2 Istanbul -16.1 41.5 Izmir -11.1 43.2 Luleburgaz (Europe)-27.8 44.6 Erzurum -40 36.5 Antalya -7.8 45.6 Iskenderun -3.2 43.7 Samsun -9.8 39 Diyarbakyr -24.2 46.2 Sanliurfa -12.4 46.8 Cizre 49.1 Agri (Karakose) -45.6 39.9 TURKMENISTAN Ashgabat -28 47.2* * unofficial reading of 48C also recorded Turkmenabad -25.4 46.4 Serhetabat(Kushka)-33.8 47.6 Repetek Reserve -31 50.1 Chesme -35 49 Dashoguz -36* * unofficial TUVALU Funafuti 19.7 35.3* * an old record of 36.1C is probably unreliable Nui 19.5* 35.9* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Niulakita 20.6 36.1* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Nanumea 35.5 UGANDA Kampala 10 36.2 Entebbe Airport 10 32.2 Kabale 2.8 31 Soroti 40.1* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Kitgum 40 Mbarara -1.1* * unreliable,likely taken under not proper conditions Rwenzori Range -7.7* * unofficial UKRAINE Kyiv -32.9 39.4 Odessa -29 39.3 Kharkiv -35.6 39.8 Lviv -33.6 37 Ivano Frankivsk -34.1 37.3 Simferopol -30.3 39.5 Yalta -15.1* 39.1 * unofficial -17.8C was also recorded Voznesensk -29.7 41.3 Lukhansk -41.9 42 Ai Petri -27.4 30.2 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi Airport 5.4 49.3 Sharjah 2.5 49.3 Dubai 7.4 49.3* * 50.0C was also recorded in the DWC Airport in 2018 Ras al Khaimah 4.3 49 Fujairah 10.8 50.2 Al Jazeera 1.3 52.1* * suspicious Mezaira 5.6 51.8
Swiehan 4.6 51.8 Rakhna -2 50 Jabal Jais -5.7 36.5 UNITED KINGDOM (and Crown's dependencies) Greater London -18.8* 40.2 * -21.1C also recorded in December 1796 and January 1795 Birmingham -15.8 37 * -20.8C was also recorded at the Airport Liverpool -14 36 Manchester -17.8* 37.7 * an old record of-24C was taken with not proper instruments Cambridge -17.8 39.9 Oxford -17.8 36.5 Aberdeen -20.6 30 Glasgow -19.9 31.9* * 32.4C was also recorded in the Prestwick Airport in 1948 Edinburgh -17.4 31.6 Cardiff -16.7 34.5 Belfast -12.8* 30.8 * -14.9C was also recorded at the Airport Station in December 2010 Cairngorm -16.5 21.7 Blackadder -30.6* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1879 Saint Albans -33.9* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1788 Coningsby (England) 40.3 Hawarden (Wales) 37.1 Charterhall (Scotland) 34.8 Edgomond(England) -26.1 Braemar (Scotland) -27.2 28 Altnaharra (Scotland) -27.2 Rhayader (Wales) -23.3 Castlederg (N. Ireland) -18.6 31.3 Edenfel (N.Ireland) -19.4* * unofficial, recorded under not standard exposure conditions Jersey Mason St Louis 37.9 Jersey St. Helier -10.3 36 Jersey Airport -10.9 37.8 Guernsey Airport -7.2 34.3 Rocquaine Bay (Guernsey) 35 St Martin (Guernsey) -9.2 Alderney Island -9* 35* * questioned Sark Island -7.5 33.3 Isle of Man Airport -9.1 28.9 Douglas (Isle of Man)-11.9 29.6* * unofficial, dubious St.Mary's (Scilly Is.)-7.3 27.8 Kirkwall (Orkney) -7.8 25.6 Deerness (Orkney) -13.3* * dubious Lerwick (Shetland) -8.9 23.4 Baltasound (Shetland)-11.9 24.4 Sumburgh (Shetland) -10 27.8 Stornoway (Hebrides) -12.2 26.3 Benbecula (Hebrides) 27.2 Fair Isle -5.6 20.2 Sule Skerry -3 20 Gibraltar -2.9 40.6 Wade Airport (Bermuda) 6.7 33.9 Prospect (Bermuda) 6.1 34.9 Fort George (Bermuda) 5.2 34.5
Plymouth (Montserrat) 15.6 33.9 Grand Turk (Turks C.) 15.6 35.6 Owens Roberts AP(Cayman I.)11.1 34.9 West Bay (Cayman I.) 11.2 34.9 Georgetown (Cayman I.) 36.3* * unofficial, recorded with a private equipment The Valley (Anguilla) 17.9 34.2 Tortola (Virgin Is.) 16.7 34.4
Beef Is. AP (Virgin I.) 19 35 Stanley (Falkland I.)-11.2 26.1 Mount Pleasant (Falkland I.) -10.4 29.2 Fox Bay (Falkland I.) 29.6 Darwin (Falkland I.) -14.4 Pebble Island (Falkland I.) -4.4 21 Weddell Island (Falkland I.) -7.2 23.2 Sea Lion Island (Falkland I.) -8.7 22.4 Grytviken (South Georgia) -19.4 28.8
Bird Island (S.Georgia) -11.4 14.5 South Thule Isl.(S.Sandwich) -29.8 18.3 Jamestown (St Helena) 14.4 33.9 St Matthews (St Helena)7.8 28.8 Wide Awake F.(Ascension)18.3 33.5 Georgetown (Ascension)18.8 35.3 Residency (Ascension) 14.5 30.8 Tristan da Cunha Is. 2.4 27.6 Gough Island -2.7 28.6 Diego Garcia Island 18.3 37.2 Adamstown (Pitcairn) 10 30.3 Henderson Isl.(Pitcairn) 35

UNITED STATES

URUGUAY Montevideo -5.8* 42.8 * -7.4C was also recorded in the Carrasco Airport Salto -5.3 42.5 Rocha -5.8 42 Artigas -5.2 42 Mercedes -8.2 42.8* * 44.6C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments Rivera -5.4 42.2* * 44.0C in 1953 was likely taken with not proper instruments Paysandu -7.4 44 Florida 44 Melo -11 42.1* * 43.1C in 1935 was likely taken with not proper instruments UZBEKISTAN Tashkent -29.5 44.6 Termez -23.9* 47* * unofficial old readings of -25C and 50.5C were taken with not proper conditions Tamdy -30.1 48.4 Samarkand -25.4 42.4 Kulkuduk -37 47 Mashikuduk -25 49.7 Karakalpakiya -39.8 46 VANUATU Port Vila Airport 8.5 35.7 Santo-Pekoa Airport12.6 34.4 Aneityum 11 34.3 Sola Vanua Lava 12 35 Lamap Malekula 13.5 36.2 VATICAN CITY* -7.2 42.9 * data from the Rome Center stations of Macao and Collegio Romano is used VENEZUELA Caracas Downtown 7.1* 35.3* * temperatures of 6.0C and 35.5C were recorded in other city's stations Caracas Airport 15.4 37.1 Maracaibo 17 41 Ciudad Bolivar 17.7 40.4 Coro 18* 43.6 * an old record of 16.0C was likely affected by overexposure Maracay 10.8 38.5 Margarita Island 16 38 Merida 7.9 33.2 Mucubaji -8.6 22.2 Piedras Blancas -12* * unofficial VIETNAM Hanoi 2.7 41.5* * an old record of 42.8C at the Gia Lam Airport was taken under not standard exposure conditions Ho Chi Min City 13.8 40.6* * an old record of 41.7C was taken with not proper instruments Vinh 4 42.9 Hue 8.8 42.2 Da Nang 9.2 41.5* * 42.0C was also recorded at the Airport Na Thrang 14.6 39.5 Tuong Duong 1.7 44.2 Sa Pa -6.1 29.8 Fansipan Mountain -11 Truong Sa (Spratly)18.4 36.9 YEMEN Sanaa -5.8 34.4 Aden 14.1 43.3 Ryan 13.8 43.9 Seiyoun 46.3 Kitab -9 Socotra Island 17 42 ZAMBIA Lusaka 0.2 39.6 Livingstone -3.7 41.3 Mfuwe 1 43.5 Luangwa 44.4 Lusitu 46.4* * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments Sesheke -7.2 ZIMBABWE Harare -1.2 36.7 Bulawayo -4 39.3 Victoria Falls -4.3 41.1 Beitbridge -1.1 46.8 Buffalo Range 0.6 47.6 Matopos -10.3 38.7 Matobo Hills -12.7

ANTARCTICA Vostok -89.2 -12.2 Amundsen-Scott -82.8 -12.3 Mc Murdo -50.6 10.5 Palmer -31 11.6 Byrd -64.4 6 Mawson -36 10.6 Casey -41 9.2 Davis -41.8 13 Scott Base -57 7.5 Vanda 15 Halley -55.4 6.8 Rothera Point -39.5 12 Dumont D'urville -37.5 9.9 Neumayer -50.2 4.3 Mirny -40.3 8.7 Vernadsky -43.3 12.7 Sanae -57.9 6.5 Syowa -45.3 10 King Sejong -25.6 13.2 Zhongshan -45.7 9.6 Maitri -38 12.2 Belgrano II -47.9 11.4 Marambio -38.3 17.4 Esperanza -32.6 18.4 San Martin -47 14.3 Bernardo O Higgins-34.4 12 Eduardo Frei -28.7 13 Juan Carlos I-Livingstone I. (Shetlands)-22.6 15.5 King George I.(Shetlands)-32.3 16.7 Prat-Greenwich I.(Shetl.) -30 13 Orcadas-Laurie Is.(Orkneys)-44 15.2 Signy Island (Orkneys) -40.1 19.8

MARS Viking Lander I -96 -17.4 Viking Lander II -121 -22.2 Phoenix -97.7 -19.6
Spirit -90 35* * possibly overestimated air temperature Opportunity -80 30* * possibly overestimated air temperature Curiosity -90 11 Gale Crater -127 20

Special Notes:

-The registers of temperatures have been taken during different periods of time, so while for certain stations data are available since the begin of the modern era in 1850 and even before, for other stations data are available only for some decades.

-Some old data with not decimal points could have been rounded.

-For some localities ,records have been merged from different stations when there are no significative microclimatic differences. If there are microclimatic differences,data have been separated.

-Data have been checked by daily and hourly basis for every station, in most cases with extensive quality controls,weather maps, satellite maps, etc.... The best effort has been made during several years of data checking,to remove all faulty records and to include all genuine and reliable records. This has been possible with several billion data checked with the help of hundreds of specialists, climatologists, observatories's staff and with the help of National Institutes of Meteorology of over 150 countries.

-In the case of doubt, please contact the editor.

**Contact me webmaster@mherrera.org