Pararealgar (original) (raw)
A valid IMA mineral species
About PararealgarHide
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Colour:
Light yellow to orange-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Resinous
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1980 by Andrew C. Roberts, H. Gary Ansell, and Maurizio Bonardi from the Greek παρα "para" = beyond for the polymorphous structural relationship to realgar.
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Gray Rock Mine, Truax Creek, Bridge River area, Lillooet Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
ⓘ Mt Washington mine, Comox District, Nanaimo Mining Division, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
Red realgar alters to yellow/yellow-orange pararealgar on exposure to light.
Primary pararealgar is, however, also known.
Unique IdentifiersHide
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Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3107:9
d635ff60-a3f5-4fdd-8b99-54da60bd2d8c
IMA Classification of PararealgarHide
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Type description reference:
Classification of PararealgarHide
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2.FA.15b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
F : Sulfides of arsenic, alkalies; sulfides with halide, oxide, hydroxide, H2O
A : With As, (Sb), S
2.8.21.2
2 : SULFIDES
8 : AmXp, with m:p = 1:1
3.7.5
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
7 : Sulphides etc. of V, As, Sb and Bi
Mineral SymbolsHide
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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Prlg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of PararealgarHide
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Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Light yellow to orange-brown
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.52(5) g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of PararealgarHide
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Internal Reflections:
Gold to orange-red
Comments:
Refractive indices could not be measured but are greater than 2.02.
Chemistry of PararealgarHide
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Crystallography of PararealgarHide
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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.909 Å, b = 9.655 Å, c = 8.502 Å
β = 97.20°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.026 : 1 : 0.881
Crystal StructureHide
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| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001734 | Pararealgar | Bonazzi P, Menchetti S, Pratesi G (1995) The crystal structure of pararealgar American Mineralogist 80 400-403 |  |
1995 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015782 | Pararealgar | Kutoglu A (1976) Darstellung und kristallstruktur einer neuen isomeren form von As4S4 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 419 176-184 | 1976 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide
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Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.14 Å | (100) |
| 5.56 Å | (91) |
| 3.75 Å | (78) |
| 2.795 Å | (71) |
| 3.025 Å | (51) |
| 3.299 Å | (50) |
| 3.105 Å | (33) |
Geological EnvironmentHide
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Type Occurrence of PararealgarHide
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Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Gray Rock Mine, Truax Creek, Bridge River area, Lillooet Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
ⓘ Mt Washington mine, Comox District, Nanaimo Mining Division, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada
General Appearance of Type Material:
Powdery to granular fine-grained aggregates that replace realgar.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Mineral Collection, Geological Survey of Canada, under catalogue numbers 61566 (Mount Washington) and 61567 (Gray Rock).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Roberts, A.C., Ansell, H.G., Bonardi, M. (1980) Pararealgar, a new polymorph of AsS, from British Columbia. The Canadian Mineralogist: 18: 525-527.
Synonyms of PararealgarHide
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Other Language Names for PararealgarHide
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Common AssociatesHide
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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide
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Fluorescence of PararealgarHide
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Other InformationHide
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Notes:
Insoluble in cold or hot water, concentrated HCl, H2SO4 or HNO3, but reacts instantly in 40% KOH solution, forming a dark brown powdery precipitate.
Health Risks:
Contains arsenic - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.
Internet Links for PararealgarHide
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References for PararealgarHide
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Reference List:
Banaru, D. A., Aksenov, S. M., Yamnova, N. A., Banaru, A. M. (2023) Structural Complexity of Molecular, Chain, and Layered Crystal Structures of Natural and Synthetic Arsenic Sulfides. Crystallography Reports, 68 (2). 223-236 doi:10.1134/s1063774523020037
Localities for PararealgarHide
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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 
symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Locality ListHide
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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.