| | [No ring, conifers . . . ] |
| ------------------------------ |
| 56. |
Flesh in base of stem pinkish orange (illustration); cap color ranging from gray to olive (but not yellow or bright green) to brown; odor reminiscent of soap, or sometimes mealy or not distinctive. |
57 |
| 56. |
Flesh in stem base not pinkish orange; cap color and odor varying. |
58 |
| 57. |
Associated with spruces in northern and montane North America; cap yellow to greenish yellow or green (but not grayish olive); stem base often tapered and rooting into the duff; odor soap-like or not distinctive. |
| 57. |
Associated with various conifers (including spruces); range varying; cap gray to grayish olive; stem base not usually rooting and tapered; odor soap-like, mealy, or not distinctive. |
| 58. |
Cap yellow, yellowish, or greenish—or yellow to greenish underneath darker fibers or scales. |
59 |
| 58. |
Yellow to greenish shades absent from cap. |
67 |
| 59. |
Odor strong and unpleasant, reminiscent of coal tar; taste disagreeable but not mealy; cap dry and fairly bald, pale yellow with a darker center; found in western North America. |
Tricholoma sulphureum |
| 59. |
Not completely as above. |
60 |
| 60. |
Found in western North America; cap yellowish with a brownish center and pressed-down fibers (often streaked in appearance); odor and taste mealy; gills white, discoloring yellowish; stem whitish, sometimes with a pinkish or orangish base, discoloring brownish. |
| 60. |
Not completely as above. |
61 |
| 61. |
Taste bitter or not distinctive, but not mealy. |
62 |
| 62. |
Cap densely hairy over the center, with pressed-down fibers elsewhere, light yellowish green with a brownish center; gills usually yellowish but occasionally whitish, often discoloring on their edges; taste bitter; widely distributed in North America; cystidia present on gill edges. |
Tricholoma aestuans |
| 62. |
Cap fairly bald, with occasional small fibers or scales, yellow with a smoky brown center; gills usually whitish but occasionally yellowish, often discoloring on their edges; taste mild or bitter; found east of the Rocky Mountains; cystidia absent. |
Tricholoma fumosoluteum |
| 63. |
Cap with prominent pressed-down fibers. |
64 |
| 63. |
Cap fairly bald—with a few minute fibers or scales, but not as above. |
66 |
| 64. |
Gills and stem greenish yellow (sometimes discoloring pinkish); stem base tinged pinkish to purplish red inside and out; cap sharply bell-shaped, grayish green over the center, yellowish to greenish elsewhere. |
Tricholoma davisiae |
| 64. |
Not completely as above. |
65 |
| 65. |
Fibers dark gray to blackish over a yellowish to greenish ground color, creating a streaked appearance. |
| 66. |
Gills white; stem usually white, at least over the upper half. |
Tricholoma intermedium |
| 67. |
Cap slimy when fresh, orange or orangish; stem appearing "sheathed" with distinctive small scales that are colored like the cap but terminate near the apex, leaving a white zone at the top; gills discoloring brownish; odor mealy; taste mealy or bitter. |
| 67. |
Not completely as above. |
68 |
| 68. |
Odor strong and unpleasant, reminiscent of coal tar. |
69 |
| 68. |
Odor not as above (mild, mealy, fragrant). |
70 |
| 69. |
Cap yellowish when young but soon fading to buff with a tan center; gills yellowish, fading to buff; stem with yellow shades in all stages of development. |
| 69. |
Cap creamy white to pale tan in all stages of development; gills without yellow shades; stem whitish. |
Tricholoma inamoenum |
| 70. |
Cap white or whitish overall—or whitish underneath tan to brown fibrils and scales. |
71 |
| 70. |
Cap more highly colored (if fibrils and scales present, ground color not whitish). |
76 |
| 71. |
Cap dry and velvety-hairy, pure white; gills white; stem white with a brownish base at maturity; odor and taste mild; described from Mexico; clamp connections present. |
Tricholoma albidulum |
| 71. |
Not completely as above. |
72 |
| 72. |
Cap with tan to brown, gray-brown, or blackish fibers or scales over a white ground color. |
73 |
| 72. |
Cap with white fibers or scales—or cap bald. |
75 |
| 73. |
Cheilocystidia absent; reported from the Sierra Nevada. |
Tricholoma venenatum sensu Shanks |
| 73. |
Cheilocystidia present; variously distributed. |
74 |
| 74. |
Cap with dark brown to blackish fibers and scales over a whitish ground; reported from the Sierra Nevada and from the upper Midwest under pines and fir. |
| 74. |
Cap with pale to medium brown fibers and scales over a whitish to brownish ground; reported from the Rocky Mountains. |
| 75. |
Cortina present when very young; cap 4–7 cm across, white, bruising yellowish brown; gills white, discoloring yellowish by maturity; stem white, the base discoloring yellowish with maturity; taste acrid; European species (probably; European authors do not mention the cortina) recorded once from North America in a Michigan conifer plantation; cystidia absent. |
Tricholoma albatum |
| 75. |
Cortina apparently absent but cap margin with partial veil remnants when young; cap small (1–3.5 cm across), pure white; gills and stem white; odor and taste mild; recorded from Oregon; cystidia present on gill faces and edges. |
Tricholoma cystidiosum |
| 76. |
Cap gray or grayish (sometimes nearly black). |
77 |
| 76. |
Cap brown, brownish, reddish brown, tan, cinnamon, or pinkish buff. |
90 |
| 77. |
Taste usually acrid or bitter (sometimes slowly). |
78 |
| 77. |
Taste usually mild or mealy. |
80 |
| 78. |
Cap conspicuously hairy to scaly, dark gray. |
Tricholoma atrodiscum |
| 78. |
Cap bald or with inconspicuous, pressed-down fibers (sometimes streaked in appearance), pale to medium gray. |
79 |
| 79. |
Cap flat, convex, or rarely broadly bell-shaped at maturity, not streaked or streaked irregularly. |
Tricholoma argenteum |
| 80. |
Flesh turning promptly reddish when sliced; cap dry, often with purplish shades mixed with gray; stem white to pale gray, discoloring yellowish brown; taste mealy; found in the Pacific Northwest and California. |
Tricholoma atroviolaceum |
| 80. |
Not completely as above. |
81 |
| 81. |
Stem with blackish fibers or scales on the upper half, whitish below; cap moist, usually streaked in appearance; gills white, their edges often discoloring blackish; taste mealy; recorded from Oregon. |
Tricholoma nigrum |
| 81. |
Not completely as above. |
82 |
| 82. |
Cap slimy when fresh and young (in dry conditions or when young specimens are unavailable, check cap surface for appressed needles and debris, or check microscopically for gelatinized hyphae in the pileipellis). |
83 |
| 82. |
Cap dry in all stages of development. |
86 |
| 83. |
Stem usually developing yellow or yellowish tints. |
Tricholoma portentosum |
| 83. |
Stem not usually developing yellow shades. |
84 |
| 84. |
Cap not conspicuously wrinkled; gills not discoloring; recorded from Idaho. |
Tricholoma "nigrocystidiosum" |
| 84. |
Cap conspicuously wrinkled; gills discoloring yellowish or pale brownish with age; variously distributed. |
85 |
| 85. |
Stem pure white, not discoloring; recorded from the Great Lakes states and Mississippi. |
Tricholoma marquettense |
| 85. |
Stem whitish, discoloring pale brownish; recorded from California, Washington, and Michigan. |
Tricholoma mutabile |
| 86. |
Young cap margin inrolled and bearded. |
87 |
| 86. |
Young cap margin not as above. |
88 |
| 87. |
Stem covered with blackish fibers, base often turning bright red when dried; gills grayish, not discoloring blackish; spores 5–8.5 µm long; cystidia absent. |
_Tricholoma atrosquamosum_= T. nigromarginatum |
| 87. |
Stem white or grayish, without blackish fibers; gills grayish, discoloring gray to blackish in spots; spores 7–10.5 µm long; cystidia sometimes present on gill edges. |
Tricholoma moseri |
| 88. |
Odor mealy; gills sometimes discoloring yellow near margin with age. |
Tricholoma "scalpturatum" sensu North American authors |
| 88. |
Odor not distinctive; gills not yellowing. |
89 |
| 90. |
Cap varying; clamp connections absent; variously distributed. |
91 |
| 91. |
Cap small (1.5–4 cm across), yellowish brown with orange mixed in, especially over the center; taste mild or acrid; stem with rusty orange fibers that darken on handling or with age; mycorrhizal with Douglas-Fir in western North America. |
Tricholoma psammopus |
| 91. |
Not completely as above. |
92 |
| 92. |
Stem with a ring zone, whitish above and orangish brown below; cap reddish brown; taste bitter; cortina present on young specimens; recorded from California. |
| 92. |
Not completely as above. |
93 |
| 93. |
Cap prominently wrinkled, olive brown, slimy when fresh and young; stem white, not discoloring (but sometimes dingy near the base); gill edges becoming brownish; recorded from the Great Lakes states and Mississippi. |
Tricholoma olivaceobrunneum |
| 93. |
Not completely as above. |
94 |
| 94. |
Cap brown to yellowish brown, without reddish hues. |
95 |
| 94. |
Cap reddish brown, rusty brown, or cinnamon brown. |
96 |
| 95. |
Recorded from the Pacific Northwest; gills whitish with brownish edges at maturity; cap usually bell-shaped; stem pale, discoloring brownish. |
Tricholoma subumbrinum |
| 95. |
Recorded from the Great Lakes states; gills buff, discoloring cinnamon brown; cap convex or flat; stem buff at the apex, light tan below (recorded as a new species in Ovrebo's doctoral dissertation but not later validly republished). |
"Tricholoma muskokense" |
| 96. |
Cap dry in all stages of development. |
97 |
| 96. |
Cap sticky when fresh and young (in dry conditions or when young specimens are unavailable, check cap surface for appressed needles and debris, or check microscopically for gelatinized hyphae). |
98 |
| 97. |
Associated with spruces; cap usually orangish brown to reddish brown, becoming quite scaly by maturity; stem becoming hollow; cortina-like tissue sometimes present on the margins of very young caps. |
| 97. |
Associated with pines; cap usually medium to dark brown, becoming finely scaly; stem not usually hollowing; cortina-like tissue absent. |
| 98. |
Stem long in proportion to cap; gills yellowish; spores 5–8.5 x 3.5–6 µm. |
Tricholoma transmutans |
| 98. |
Stem not normally proportionally long; gills whitish or orangish; spores generally a little shorter and skinnier than above. |
99 |
| 99. |
Associated with various conifers; distribution uncertain. |
"Tricholoma pessundatum" |
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Kuo, M. (2020, January). The genus Tricholoma. Retrieved from the MushroomExpert.Com Web site: http://www.mushroomexpert.com/tricholoma.html
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