On the molecular mechanism of gypsy-induced mutations at the yellow locus of Drosophila melanogaster. (original) (raw)

EMBO J. 1986 Oct; 5(10): 2657–2662.

Abstract

We determined the nucleotide sequence of genomic DNA corresponding to the yellow gene. The limits of the transcribed region were deduced from sequence analysis of yellow larval and pupal cDNA clones. The yellow transcription unit is simple, composed of two exons which are processed identically in both developmental stages into a mRNA of 1990 bp. The predicted yellow protein has a mol. wt of 60,752 daltons and appears to be a secreted protein having a structural function and not an enzymatic role in pigmentation. We also characterized the spontaneous mutation y2 and a revertant of this allele to investigate the mutagenic effect of the gypsy element inserted into this locus. Our results show that this transposon is inserted at -700 bp and that the y2+ revertant resulted from excision of the gypsy element leaving behind a complete long terminal repeat (LTR). We conclude, therefore, that the gypsy element is neither inserted into a pupal specific intron or regulatory sequence supporting the hypothesis that mutagenesis is a result of transcriptional interference by the gypsy element on the yellow gene.

Full text

Full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. Get a printable copy (PDF file) of the complete article (1.4M), or click on a page image below to browse page by page. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.

Images in this article

Click on the image to see a larger version.

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

Karlik CC, Mahaffey JW, Coutu MD, Fyrberg EA. Organization of contractile protein genes within the 88F subdivision of the D. melanogaster third chromosome. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):469–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Karn J, Brenner S, Barnett L. New bacteriophage lambda vectors with positive selection for cloned inserts. Methods Enzymol. 1983;101:3–19. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Kyte J, Doolittle RF. A simple method for displaying the hydropathic character of a protein. J Mol Biol. 1982 May 5;157(1):105–132. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Marlor RL, Parkhurst SM, Corces VG. The Drosophila melanogaster gypsy transposable element encodes putative gene products homologous to retroviral proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1129–1134. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Marshall RD. The nature and metabolism of the carbohydrate-peptide linkages of glycoproteins. Biochem Soc Symp. 1974;(40):17–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Maxam AM, Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Mizrokhi LJ, Obolenkova LA, Priimägi AF, Ilyin YV, Gerasimova TI, Georgiev GP. The nature of unstable insertion mutations and reversions in the locus cut of Drosophila melanogaster: molecular mechanism of transposition memory. EMBO J. 1985 Dec 30;4(13B):3781–3787. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Modolell J, Bender W, Meselson M. Drosophila melanogaster mutations suppressible by the suppressor of Hairy-wing are insertions of a 7.3-kilobase mobile element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Mar;80(6):1678–1682. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Mozer B, Marlor R, Parkhurst S, Corces V. Characterization and developmental expression of a Drosophila ras oncogene. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Apr;5(4):885–889. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Nash WG, Yarkin RJ. Genetic regulation and pattern formation: a study of the yellow locus in Drosophila melanogaster. Genet Res. 1974 Aug;24(1):19–26. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
O'Connell PO, Rosbash M. Sequence, structure, and codon preference of the Drosophila ribosomal protein 49 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 11;12(13):5495–5513. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Parkhurst SM, Corces VG. Forked, gypsys, and suppressors in Drosophila. Cell. 1985 Jun;41(2):429–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Parkhurst SM, Corces VG. Interactions among the gypsy transposable element and the yellow and the suppressor of hairy-wing loci in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Jan;6(1):47–53. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Parkhurst SM, Corces VG. Retroviral elements and suppressor genes in Drosophila. Bioessays. 1986 Aug;5(2):52–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Proudfoot NJ, Brownlee GG. 3' non-coding region sequences in eukaryotic messenger RNA. Nature. 1976 Sep 16;263(5574):211–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Scott MP, Weiner AJ, Hazelrigg TI, Polisky BA, Pirrotta V, Scalenghe F, Kaufman TC. The molecular organization of the Antennapedia locus of Drosophila. Cell. 1983 Dec;35(3 Pt 2):763–776. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Sollner-Webb B, Reeder RH. The nucleotide sequence of the initiation and termination sites for ribosomal RNA transcription in X. laevis. Cell. 1979 Oct;18(2):485–499. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Spradling AC, Mahowald AP. Identification and genetic localization of mRNAs from ovarian follicle cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1979 Mar;16(3):589–598. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Snyder M, Hunkapiller M, Yuen D, Silvert D, Fristrom J, Davidson N. Cuticle protein genes of Drosophila: structure, organization and evolution of four clustered genes. Cell. 1982 Jul;29(3):1027–1040. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
von Heijne G. Patterns of amino acids near signal-sequence cleavage sites. Eur J Biochem. 1983 Jun 1;133(1):17–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Watson ME. Compilation of published signal sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jul 11;12(13):5145–5164. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Aviv H, Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bayev AA, Jr, Lyubomirskaya NV, Dzhumagaliev EB, Ananiev EV, Amiantova IG, Ilyin YV. Structural organization of transposable element mdg4 from Drosophila melanogaster and a nucleotide sequence of its long terminal repeats. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Apr 25;12(8):3707–3723. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Bender W, Akam M, Karch F, Beachy PA, Peifer M, Spierer P, Lewis EB, Hogness DS. Molecular Genetics of the Bithorax Complex in Drosophila melanogaster. Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):23–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Biessmann H. Molecular analysis of the yellow gene (y) region of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7369–7373. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Campuzano S, Carramolino L, Cabrera CV, Ruíz-Gómez M, Villares R, Boronat A, Modolell J. Molecular genetics of the achaete-scute gene complex of D. melanogaster. Cell. 1985 Feb;40(2):327–338. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Campuzano S, Balcells L, Villares R, Carramolino L, García-Alonso L, Modolell J. Excess function hairy-wing mutations caused by gypsy and copia insertions within structural genes of the achaete-scute locus of Drosophila. Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):303–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Chou PY, Fasman GD. Prediction of the secondary structure of proteins from their amino acid sequence. Adv Enzymol Relat Areas Mol Biol. 1978;47:45–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Freund R, Meselson M. Long terminal repeat nucleotide sequence and specific insertion of the gypsy transposon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4462–4464. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Garber RL, Kuroiwa A, Gehring WJ. Genomic and cDNA clones of the homeotic locus Antennapedia in Drosophila. EMBO J. 1983;2(11):2027–2036. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Henikoff S, Keene MA, Fechtel K, Fristrom JW. Gene within a gene: nested Drosophila genes encode unrelated proteins on opposite DNA strands. Cell. 1986 Jan 17;44(1):33–42. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Hodgetts RB, Konopka RJ. Tyrosine and catecholamine metabolism in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and a mutant, ebony. J Insect Physiol. 1973 Jun;19(6):1211–1220. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Hung MC, Wensink PC. Sequence and structure conservation in yolk proteins and their genes. J Mol Biol. 1983 Mar 15;164(4):481–492. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
Ingolia TD, Craig EA. Primary sequence of the 5' flanking regions of the Drosophila heat shock genes in chromosome subdivision 67B. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Apr 10;9(7):1627–1642. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group