Isolation and Characterization of Dominant Female Sterile Mutations of Drosophila Melanogaster. I. Mutations on the Third Chromosome (original) (raw)

Abstract

Fifty-one dominant female sterile (Fs) mutations linked to the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster are described. EMS induced Fs mutations arise with the frequency of one Fs per about 2500 recessive lethals. Complementation analysis of the revertants showed that these Fs mutations represent 27-34 loci, about 60% of the third chromosome units mutable to dominant female sterility by EMS. The Fs mutations were mapped on the basis of mitotic recombination induced in the female (in 16 cases also in the male) germ-line. Behavior of the revertants and the Fs(+) germ-line clones demonstrate the gain-of-function nature of the Fs alleles. With two exceptions, the Fs(3) mutations are germ-line dependent. Novel phenotypes appeared in most of the Fs mutations. With eight exceptions, the Fs(3) mutations are fully penetrant, in some cases with variable expressivity. One of the Fs(3) mutations is a non-ovary-dependent egg retention mutation, two others alter egg shape, and 27 bring about arrest in development at about the time of fertilization. In 21 of the Fs(3) mutations embryos develop to the larval stage of differentiation; this group includes 5 new alleles of Toll and 4 of easter.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (7.7 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akam M. The molecular basis for metameric pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Development. 1987 Sep;101(1):1–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Anderson K. V., Bokla L., Nüsslein-Volhard C. Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: the induction of polarity by the Toll gene product. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):791–798. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90275-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson K. V., Jürgens G., Nüsslein-Volhard C. Establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the Drosophila embryo: genetic studies on the role of the Toll gene product. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):779–789. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90274-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beadle G. W., Ephrussi B. The Differentiation of Eye Pigments in Drosophila as Studied by Transplantation. Genetics. 1936 May;21(3):225–247. doi: 10.1093/genetics/21.3.225. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Busson D., Gans M., Komitopoulou K., Masson M. Genetic Analysis of Three Dominant Female-Sterile Mutations Located on the X Chromosome of DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Genetics. 1983 Oct;105(2):309–325. doi: 10.1093/genetics/105.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Garcia-Bellido A., Robbins L. G. Viability of Female Germ-Line Cells Homozygous for Zygotic Lethals in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Genetics. 1983 Feb;103(2):235–247. doi: 10.1093/genetics/103.2.235. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. García-Bellido A. Some parameters of mitotic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Gen Genet. 1972;115(1):54–72. doi: 10.1007/BF00272218. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ingham P. W. The molecular genetics of embryonic pattern formation in Drosophila. Nature. 1988 Sep 1;335(6185):25–34. doi: 10.1038/335025a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Klingler M., Erdélyi M., Szabad J., Nüsslein-Volhard C. Function of torso in determining the terminal anlagen of the Drosophila embryo. Nature. 1988 Sep 15;335(6187):275–277. doi: 10.1038/335275a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Komitopoulou K., Gans M., Margaritis L. H., Kafatos F. C., Masson M. Isolation and Characterization of Sex-Linked Female-Sterile Mutants in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER with Special Attention to Eggshell Mutants. Genetics. 1983 Dec;105(4):897–920. doi: 10.1093/genetics/105.4.897. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Konrad K. D., Engstrom L., Perrimon N., Mahowald A. P. Genetic analysis of oogenesis and the role of maternal gene expression in early development. Dev Biol (N Y 1985) 1985;1:577–617. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6814-8_13. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Lehmann R., Nüsslein-Volhard C. Abdominal segmentation, pole cell formation, and embryonic polarity require the localized activity of oskar, a maternal gene in Drosophila. Cell. 1986 Oct 10;47(1):141–152. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90375-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lohs-Schardin M., Cremer C., Nüsslein-Volhard C. A fate map for the larval epidermis of Drosophila melanogaster: localized cuticle defects following irradiation of the blastoderm with an ultraviolet laser microbeam. Dev Biol. 1979 Dec;73(2):239–255. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90065-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mohler J., Wieschaus E. F. Dominant maternal-effect mutations of Drosophila melanogaster causing the production of double-abdomen embryos. Genetics. 1986 Apr;112(4):803–822. doi: 10.1093/genetics/112.4.803. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Nüsslein-Volhard C., Frohnhöfer H. G., Lehmann R. Determination of anteroposterior polarity in Drosophila. Science. 1987 Dec 18;238(4834):1675–1681. doi: 10.1126/science.3686007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Nüsslein-Volhard C., Kluding H., Jürgens G. Genes affecting the segmental subdivision of the Drosophila embryo. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1985;50:145–154. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1985.050.01.020. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Nüsslein-Volhard C., Lohs-Schardin M., Sander K., Cremer C. A dorso-ventral shift of embryonic primordia in a new maternal-effect mutant of Drosophila. Nature. 1980 Jan 31;283(5746):474–476. doi: 10.1038/283474a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Perrimon N. Clonal Analysis of Dominant Female-Sterile, Germline-Dependent Mutations in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Genetics. 1984 Dec;108(4):927–939. doi: 10.1093/genetics/108.4.927. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Perrimon N., Gans M. Clonal analysis of the tissue specificity of recessive female-sterile mutations of Drosophila melanogaster using a dominant female-sterile mutation Fs(1)K1237. Dev Biol. 1983 Dec;100(2):365–373. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(83)90231-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Robbins L. G. Maternal-Zygotic Lethal Interactions in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER : Zeste-White Region Single-Cistron Mutations. Genetics. 1983 Apr;103(4):633–648. doi: 10.1093/genetics/103.4.633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schüpbach T. Autosomal mutations that interfere with sex determination in somatic cells of Drosophila have no direct effect on the germline. Dev Biol. 1982 Jan;89(1):117–127. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(82)90300-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Schüpbach T. Germ line and soma cooperate during oogenesis to establish the dorsoventral pattern of egg shell and embryo in Drosophila melanogaster. Cell. 1987 Jun 5;49(5):699–707. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90546-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Simpson P. Maternal-Zygotic Gene Interactions during Formation of the Dorsoventral Pattern in Drosophila Embryos. Genetics. 1983 Nov;105(3):615–632. doi: 10.1093/genetics/105.3.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Szabad J., Erdélyi M., Szidonya J. Characterization of Fs(2)1, a germ-line dependent dominant female sterile mutation of Drosophila. Acta Biol Hung. 1987;38(2):257–266. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Szabad J., Fajszi C. Control of female reproduction in Drosophila: genetic dissection using gynandromorphs. Genetics. 1982 Jan;100(1):61–78. doi: 10.1093/genetics/100.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Szabad J., Hoffmann G. Analysis of follicle-cell functions in Drosophila: the Fs(3)Apc mutation and the development of chorionic appendages. Dev Biol. 1989 Jan;131(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/s0012-1606(89)80033-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Szabad J., Reuter G., Schröder M. B. The effects of two mutations connected with chromatin functions on female germ-line cells of Drosophila. Mol Gen Genet. 1988 Jan;211(1):56–62. doi: 10.1007/BF00338393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Taubert H, Szabad J. Genetic control of cell proliferation in female germ line cells of Drosophila: mosaic analysis of five discless mutations. Mol Gen Genet. 1987 Oct;209(3):545–551. doi: 10.1007/BF00331161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Wieschaus E. A combined genetic and mosaic approach to the study of oogenesis in Drosophila. Basic Life Sci. 1980;16:85–94. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7968-3_7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Wieschaus E., Szabad J. The development and function of the female germ line in Drosophila melanogaster: a cell lineage study. Dev Biol. 1979 Jan;68(1):29–46. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(79)90241-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Yarger R. J., King R. C. The phenogenetics of a temperature sensitive, autosomal dominant, female sterile gene in Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol. 1971 Feb;24(2):166–177. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(71)90093-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]