A Genetic Mapping System in Caenorhabditis Elegans Based on Polymorphic Sequence-Tagged Sites (original) (raw)

Abstract

We devised an efficient genetic mapping system in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans which is based upon the differences in number and location of the transposable element Tc1 between the Bristol and Bergerac strains. Using the nearly completed physical map of the C. elegans genome, we selected 40 widely distributed sites which contain a Tc1 element in the Bergerac strain, but not in the Bristol strain. For each site a polymerase chain reaction assay was designed that can distinguish between the Bergerac Tc1-containing site and the Bristol ``empty'' site. By combining appropriate assays in a single reaction, one can score multiple sites within single worms. This permits a mutation to be rapidly mapped, first to a linkage group and then to a chromosomal subregion, through analysis of only a small number of progeny from a single interstrain cross.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (5.1 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baillie D. L., Beckenbach K. A., Rose A. M. Cloning within the unc-43 to unc-31 interval (linkage group IV) of the Caenorhabditis elegans genome using Tc1 linkage selection. Can J Genet Cytol. 1985 Aug;27(4):457–466. doi: 10.1139/g85-067. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Barstead R. J., Waterston R. H. Vinculin is essential for muscle function in the nematode. J Cell Biol. 1991 Aug;114(4):715–724. doi: 10.1083/jcb.114.4.715. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cornall R. J., Aitman T. J., Hearne C. M., Todd J. A. The generation of a library of PCR-analyzed microsatellite variants for genetic mapping of the mouse genome. Genomics. 1991 Aug;10(4):874–881. doi: 10.1016/0888-7543(91)90175-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Coulson A., Kozono Y., Lutterbach B., Shownkeen R., Sulston J., Waterston R. YACs and the C. elegans genome. Bioessays. 1991 Aug;13(8):413–417. doi: 10.1002/bies.950130809. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Coulson A., Sulston J., Brenner S., Karn J. Toward a physical map of the genome of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Oct;83(20):7821–7825. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.20.7821. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Coulson A., Waterston R., Kiff J., Sulston J., Kohara Y. Genome linking with yeast artificial chromosomes. Nature. 1988 Sep 8;335(6186):184–186. doi: 10.1038/335184a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Economou E. P., Bergen A. W., Warren A. C., Antonarakis S. E. The polydeoxyadenylate tract of Alu repetitive elements is polymorphic in the human genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Apr;87(8):2951–2954. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.8.2951. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Helms C., Dutchik J. E., Olson M. V. A lambda DNA protocol based on purification of phage on DEAE-cellulose. Methods Enzymol. 1987;153:69–82. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)53048-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hodgkin J. A., Brenner S. Mutations causing transformation of sexual phenotype in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 1977 Jun;86(2 Pt 1):275–287. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lander E. S., Botstein D. Mapping mendelian factors underlying quantitative traits using RFLP linkage maps. Genetics. 1989 Jan;121(1):185–199. doi: 10.1093/genetics/121.1.185. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Liao L. W., Rosenzweig B., Hirsh D. Analysis of a transposable element in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3585–3589. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3585. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Litt M., Luty J. A. A hypervariable microsatellite revealed by in vitro amplification of a dinucleotide repeat within the cardiac muscle actin gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1989 Mar;44(3):397–401. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Moerman D. G., Benian G. M., Waterston R. H. Molecular cloning of the muscle gene unc-22 in Caenorhabditis elegans by Tc1 transposon tagging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Apr;83(8):2579–2583. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.8.2579. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mori I., Moerman D. G., Waterston R. H. Analysis of a mutator activity necessary for germline transposition and excision of Tc1 transposable elements in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics. 1988 Oct;120(2):397–407. doi: 10.1093/genetics/120.2.397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Murray V. Improved double-stranded DNA sequencing using the linear polymerase chain reaction. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Nov 11;17(21):8889–8889. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.21.8889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Olson M., Hood L., Cantor C., Botstein D. A common language for physical mapping of the human genome. Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1434–1435. doi: 10.1126/science.2781285. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Papp A., Rougvie A. E., Ambros V. Molecular cloning of lin-29, a heterochronic gene required for the differentiation of hypodermal cells and the cessation of molting in C.elegans. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Feb 11;19(3):623–630. doi: 10.1093/nar/19.3.623. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Rosenzweig B., Liao L. W., Hirsh D. Sequence of the C. elegans transposable element Tc1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jun 25;11(12):4201–4209. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.12.4201. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rosenzweig B., Liao L. W., Hirsh D. Target sequences for the C. elegans transposable element Tc1. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Oct 25;11(20):7137–7140. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.20.7137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Ruvkun G., Ambros V., Coulson A., Waterston R., Sulston J., Horvitz H. R. Molecular genetics of the Caenorhabditis elegans heterochronic gene lin-14. Genetics. 1989 Mar;121(3):501–516. doi: 10.1093/genetics/121.3.501. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Saiki R. K., Gelfand D. H., Stoffel S., Scharf S. J., Higuchi R., Horn G. T., Mullis K. B., Erlich H. A. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science. 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):487–491. doi: 10.1126/science.2448875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Tautz D. Hypervariability of simple sequences as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Aug 25;17(16):6463–6471. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.16.6463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]