Characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor (original) (raw)

Abstract

We report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes the complete human androgen receptor. The cDNA predicts a protein of 917 amino acids with a molecular weight of 98,918. Introduction of the cDNA into heterologous mammalian cells caused expression of high levels of a protein that binds dihydrotestosterone with the affinity, specificity, and sedimentation properties characteristic of the native human androgen receptor. Comparisons with the amino acid sequence of previously cloned steroid hormone receptors revealed a high degree of sequence conservation with the progesterone, glucocorticoid, and mineralocorticoid receptors in the putative hormone and DNA-binding domain regions.

327

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Arriza J. L., Weinberger C., Cerelli G., Glaser T. M., Handelin B. L., Housman D. E., Evans R. M. Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):268–275. doi: 10.1126/science.3037703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Breiner M., Romalo G., Schweikert H. U. Inhibition of androgen receptor binding by natural and synthetic steroids in cultured human genital skin fibroblasts. Klin Wochenschr. 1986 Aug 15;64(16):732–737. doi: 10.1007/BF01734339. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chang C. S., Kokontis J., Liao S. T. Molecular cloning of human and rat complementary DNA encoding androgen receptors. Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):324–326. doi: 10.1126/science.3353726. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chang C. S., Kokontis J., Liao S. T. Structural analysis of complementary DNA and amino acid sequences of human and rat androgen receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Oct;85(19):7211–7215. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.19.7211. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Conneely O. M., Dobson A. D., Tsai M. J., Beattie W. G., Toft D. O., Huckaby C. S., Zarucki T., Schrader W. T., O'Malley B. W. Sequence and expression of a functional chicken progesterone receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 1987 Aug;1(8):517–525. doi: 10.1210/mend-1-8-517. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Danielsen M., Northrop J. P., Ringold G. M. The mouse glucocorticoid receptor: mapping of functional domains by cloning, sequencing and expression of wild-type and mutant receptor proteins. EMBO J. 1986 Oct;5(10):2513–2522. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04529.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Debuire B., Henry C., Bernissa M., Biserte G., Claverie J. M., Saule S., Martin P., Stehelin D. Sequencing the erbA gene of avian erythroblastosis virus reveals a new type of oncogene. Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1456–1459. doi: 10.1126/science.6328658. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Evans R. M. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science. 1988 May 13;240(4854):889–895. doi: 10.1126/science.3283939. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Frost E., Williams J. Mapping temperature-sensitive and host-range mutations of adenovirus type 5 by marker rescue. Virology. 1978 Nov;91(1):39–50. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90353-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gluzman Y. SV40-transformed simian cells support the replication of early SV40 mutants. Cell. 1981 Jan;23(1):175–182. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90282-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Green S., Walter P., Kumar V., Krust A., Bornert J. M., Argos P., Chambon P. Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A. Nature. 1986 Mar 13;320(6058):134–139. doi: 10.1038/320134a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Greene G. L., Gilna P., Waterfield M., Baker A., Hort Y., Shine J. Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science. 1986 Mar 7;231(4742):1150–1154. doi: 10.1126/science.3753802. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gubler U., Hoffman B. J. A simple and very efficient method for generating cDNA libraries. Gene. 1983 Nov;25(2-3):263–269. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(83)90230-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hollenberg S. M., Weinberger C., Ong E. S., Cerelli G., Oro A., Lebo R., Thompson E. B., Rosenfeld M. G., Evans R. M. Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature. 1985 Dec 19;318(6047):635–641. doi: 10.1038/318635a0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Kovacs W. J., Griffin J. E., Weaver D. D., Carlson B. R., Wilson J. D. A mutation that causes lability of the androgen receptor under conditions that normally promote transformation to the DNA-binding state. J Clin Invest. 1984 Apr;73(4):1095–1104. doi: 10.1172/JCI111295. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kozak M. Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Jan 25;12(2):857–872. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.2.857. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kumar V., Green S., Stack G., Berry M., Jin J. R., Chambon P. Functional domains of the human estrogen receptor. Cell. 1987 Dec 24;51(6):941–951. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90581-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lubahn D. B., Joseph D. R., Sullivan P. M., Willard H. F., French F. S., Wilson E. M. Cloning of human androgen receptor complementary DNA and localization to the X chromosome. Science. 1988 Apr 15;240(4850):327–330. doi: 10.1126/science.3353727. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. McPhaul M., Berg P. Identification and characterization of cDNA clones encoding two homologous proteins that are part of the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 May;7(5):1841–1847. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.5.1841. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Miesfeld R., Rusconi S., Godowski P. J., Maler B. A., Okret S., Wikström A. C., Gustafsson J. A., Yamamoto K. R. Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA. Cell. 1986 Aug 1;46(3):389–399. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90659-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Migeon B. R., Brown T. R., Axelman J., Migeon C. J. Studies of the locus for androgen receptor: localization on the human X chromosome and evidence for homology with the Tfm locus in the mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6339–6343. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Misrahi M., Atger M., d'Auriol L., Loosfelt H., Meriel C., Fridlansky F., Guiochon-Mantel A., Galibert F., Milgrom E. Complete amino acid sequence of the human progesterone receptor deduced from cloned cDNA. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Mar 13;143(2):740–748. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(87)91416-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sanger F., Coulson A. R., Barrell B. G., Smith A. J., Roe B. A. Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol. 1980 Oct 25;143(2):161–178. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90196-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Trapman J., Klaassen P., Kuiper G. G., van der Korput J. A., Faber P. W., van Rooij H. C., Geurts van Kessel A., Voorhorst M. M., Mulder E., Brinkmann A. O. Cloning, structure and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 May 31;153(1):241–248. doi: 10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81214-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]