Blocked and Unblocked 5′ Termini in Reovirus Genome RNA (original) (raw)

Abstract

Uniformly 32P-labeled, double-stranded genome RNA isolated from purified reovirus contains two types of 5′-terminal sequences. One strand contains a phosphatase-resistant 5′-terminal structure, XpppG*pCpU, which is also present in the viral mRNA. The 5′ blocking group, X, is removed by β-elimination indicating that it is a nucleoside containing free 2′,3′-hydroxyls. G*pC is an alkaline-resistant, 2′-_O_-methylated sequence. The other strand contains a phosphatase-sensitive 5′ sequence, ppGpPupPyp. The results are discussed in relation to blocked 5′-terminal structures in other viral and cellular RNAs.

1057

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Banerjee A. K., Shatkin A. J. Guanosine-5'-diphosphate at the 5' termini of reovirus RNA: evidence for a segmented genome within the virion. J Mol Biol. 1971 Nov 14;61(3):643–653. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90069-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Banerjee A. K., Shatkin A. J. Transcription in vitro by reovirus-associated ribonucleic acid-dependent polymerase. J Virol. 1970 Jul;6(1):1–11. doi: 10.1128/jvi.6.1.1-11.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Banerjee A. K., Ward R., Shatkin A. J. Initiation of reovirus mRNA synthesis in vitro. Nat New Biol. 1971 Apr 7;230(14):169–172. doi: 10.1038/newbio230169a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Borsa J., Graham A. F. Reovirus: RNA polymerase activity in purified virions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1968 Dec 30;33(6):895–901. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(68)90396-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Both G. W., Lavi S., Shatkin A. J. Synthesis of all the gene products of the reovirus genome in vivo and in vitro. Cell. 1975 Feb;4(2):173–180. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(75)90124-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Furuichi Y., Miura K. A blocked structure at the 5' terminus of mRNA from cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. Nature. 1975 Jan 31;253(5490):374–375. doi: 10.1038/253374a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Furuichi Y., Morgan M., Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus messenger RNA contains a methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structure: m-7G(5')ppp(5')G-MpCp-. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Jan;72(1):362–366. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.1.362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. JOSSE J., KAISER A. D., KORNBERG A. Enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. VIII. Frequencies of nearest neighbor base sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid. J Biol Chem. 1961 Mar;236:864–875. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Katz L., Penman S. The solvent denaturation of double-stranded RNA from poliovirus infected HeLa cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1966 May 25;23(4):557–560. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(66)90765-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Levin D. H., Mendelsohn N., Schonberg M., Klett H., Silverstein S., Kapuler A. M., Acs G. Properties of RNA transcriptase in reovirus subviral particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1970 Jul;66(3):890–897. doi: 10.1073/pnas.66.3.890. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Miura K., Watanabe K., Sugiura M. 5'-Terminal nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded RNA of silkworm cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus. J Mol Biol. 1974 Jun 15;86(1):31–48. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(74)80005-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Miura K., Watanabe K., Sugiura M., Shatkin A. J. The 5'-terminal nucleotide sequences of the double-stranded RNA of human reovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Oct;71(10):3979–3983. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.10.3979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Muthukrishnan S., Shatkin A. J. Reovirus genome RNA segments: resistance to S-1 nuclease. Virology. 1975 Mar;64(1):96–105. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90082-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Reddy R., Ro-Choi T. S., Henning D., Busch H. Primary sequence of U-1 nuclear ribonucleic acid of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. J Biol Chem. 1974 Oct 25;249(20):6486–6494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rottman F., Shatkin A. J., Perry R. P. Sequences containing methylated nucleotides at the 5' termini of messenger RNAs: possible implications for processing. Cell. 1974 Nov;3(3):197–199. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90131-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schonberg M., Silverstein S. C., Levin D. H., Acs G. Asynchronous synthesis of the complementary strands of the reovirus genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1971 Feb;68(2):505–508. doi: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Shatkin A. J. Methylated messenger RNA synthesis in vitro by purified reovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Aug;71(8):3204–3207. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.3204. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Shatkin A. J., Sipe J. D., Loh P. Separation of ten reovirus genome segments by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Virol. 1968 Oct;2(10):986–991. doi: 10.1128/jvi.2.10.986-991.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Shatkin A. J., Sipe J. D. RNA polymerase activity in purified reoviruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Dec;61(4):1462–1469. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.4.1462. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Skehel J. J., Joklik W. K. Studies on the in vitro transcription of reovirus RNA catalyzed by reovirus cores. Virology. 1969 Dec;39(4):822–831. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90019-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Steinschneider A., Fraenkel-Conrat H. Studies of nucleotide sequences in tobacco mosaic virus ribonucleic acid. IV. Use of aniline in stepwise degradation. Biochemistry. 1966 Aug;5(8):2735–2743. doi: 10.1021/bi00872a034. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Stoltzfus C. M., Banerjee A. K. Two oligonucleotide classes of single-stranded ribopolymers in reovirus A-rich RNA. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1972 Oct;152(2):733–743. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90269-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]