High-molecular-weight RNAs of AKR, NZB, and wild mouse viruses and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus all have similar dimer structures (original) (raw)

Abstract

Several 50 to 70S tumor viral RNAs have previously been shown by electron microscopy to be dimers, with the two monomer subunits joined near their 5' ends. Five additional naturally occurring type C RNA tumor viruses have now been examined: AKR, and endogenous murine ecotropic virus; NZB, an endogenous murine xenotropic virus; and ecotropic and an amphotropic virus isolated from a wild mouse; and the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). All five 50 to 70S RNAs have similar 5'-to-5' dimer structures. Therefore, the observations support the hypothesis that the dimer linkage is a structural feature common to all type C mammalian viruses. REV is the first example of an avian virus with a clear 5'-to 5' dimer linkage. All of the mammalian viral RNAs, but not REV, showed symmetrically placed loops in each subunit of the dimer. Possible molecular structures and biological functions of the dimer linkages and loops are discussed.

888

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bender W., Davidson N. Mapping of poly(A) sequences in the electron microscope reveals unusual structure of type C oncornavirus RNA molecules. Cell. 1976 Apr;7(4):595–607. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90210-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benveniste R. E., Todaro G. J. Homology between type-C viruses of various species as determined by molecular hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Dec;70(12):3316–3320. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.12.3316. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Billeter M. A., Weissmann C., Warner R. C. Replication of viral ribonucleic acid. IX. Properties of double-stranded RNA from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage MS2. J Mol Biol. 1966 May;17(1):145–173. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(66)80101-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bryant M. L., Klement V. Clonal heterogeneity of wild mouse leukemia viruses: host ranges and antigenicity. Virology. 1976 Sep;73(2):532–536. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90415-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Canaani E., Helm K. V., Duesberg P. Evidence for 30-40S RNA as precursor of the 60-70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1973 Feb;70(2):401–405. doi: 10.1073/pnas.70.2.401. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R., Teich N. M., Levine A. S., Rowe W. P. Qualitative and quantitative studies of AKR-type murine leukemia virus sequences in mouse DNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):1085–1101. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.124. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dube S., Kung H. J., Bender W., Davidson N., Ostertag W. Size, subunit composition, and secondary structure of the Friend virus genome. J Virol. 1976 Oct;20(1):264–272. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.1.264-272.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fiers W., Contreras R., Duerinck F., Haegeman G., Iserentant D., Merregaert J., Min Jou W., Molemans F., Raeymaekers A., Van den Berghe A. Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage MS2 RNA: primary and secondary structure of the replicase gene. Nature. 1976 Apr 8;260(5551):500–507. doi: 10.1038/260500a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Clonal cells lines from a feral mouse embryo which lack host-range restrictions for murine leukemia viruses. Virology. 1975 May;65(1):128–134. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90013-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Huebner R. J. Host-range restrictions of murine leukemia viruses in mouse embryo cell cultures. J Virol. 1970 Feb;5(2):221–225. doi: 10.1128/jvi.5.2.221-225.1970. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class. J Virol. 1976 Jul;19(1):19–25. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.1.19-25.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Haseltine W. A., Kleid D. G., Panet A., Rothenberg E., Baltimore D. Ordered transcription of RNA tumor virus genomes. J Mol Biol. 1976 Sep 5;106(1):109–131. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90303-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Haseltine W. A., Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Rous sarcoma virus genome is terminally redundant: the 5' sequence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Mar;74(3):989–993. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.3.989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hayes F. N., Lilly E. H., Ratliff R. L., Smith D. A., Williams D. L. Thermal transitions in mixtures of polydeoxyribodinucleotides. Biopolymers. 1970;9(9):1105–1117. doi: 10.1002/bip.1970.360090911. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Henderson I. C., Lieber M. M., Todaro G. J. Mink cell line Mv 1 Lu (CCL 64). Focus formation and the generation of "nonproducer" transformed cell lines with murine and feline sarcoma viruses. Virology. 1974 Jul;60(1):282–287. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(74)90386-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hsu M. T., Kung H. J., Davidson N. An electron microscope study of Sindbis virus RNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1974;38:943–950. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.038.01.096. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hu S., Davidson N. A heteroduplex study of the sequence relationships between the RNAs of M-MSV and M-MLV. Cell. 1977 Mar;10(3):469–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90034-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hu S., Davidson N., Nicolson M. O., McAllister R. M. Heteroduplex study of the sequence relations between RD-114 and baboon viral RNAs. J Virol. 1977 Aug;23(2):345–352. doi: 10.1128/jvi.23.2.345-352.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kang C. Y., Temin H. M. Lack of sequence homology among RNAs of avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses, reticuloendotheliosis viruses, and chicken endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. J Virol. 1973 Dec;12(6):1314–1324. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.6.1314-1324.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Kung H. J., Bailey J. M., Davidson N., Nicolson M. O., McAllister R. M. Structure, subunit composition, and molecular weight of RD-114 RNA. J Virol. 1975 Aug;16(2):397–411. doi: 10.1128/jvi.16.2.397-411.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Kung H. J., Bailey J. M., Davidson N., Vogt P. K., Nicolson M. O., McAllister R. M. Electron microscope studies of tumor virus RNA. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1975;39(Pt 2):827–834. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1974.039.01.096. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Kung H. J., Hu S., Bender W., Bailey J. M., Davidson N., Nicolson M. O., McAllister R. M. RD-114, baboon, and woolly monkey viral RNA's compared in size and structure. Cell. 1976 Apr;7(4):609–620. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90211-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Maisel J., Bender W., Hu S., Duesberg P. H., Davidson N. Structure of 50 to 70S RNA from Moloney sarcoma viruses. J Virol. 1978 Jan;25(1):384–394. doi: 10.1128/jvi.25.1.384-394.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Moelling K., Gelderblom H., Pauli G., Friis R. A comparative study of the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: relationship to murine leukemia virus and viruses of the avian sarcoma-leukosis complex. Virology. 1975 Jun;65(2):546–557. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(75)90059-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Theilen G. H., Zeigel R. F., Twiehaus M. J. Biological studies with RE virus (strain T) that induces reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys, chickens, and Japanese quail. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Dec;37(6):731–743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Todaro G. J., Sherr C. J., Benveniste R. E., Lieber M. M., Melnick J. L. Type C viruses of baboons: isolation from normal cell cultures. Cell. 1974 May;2(1):55–61. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(74)90008-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Troxler D. H., Boyars J. K., Parks W. P., Scolnick E. M. Friend strain of spleen focus-forming virus: a recombinant between mouse type C ecotropic viral sequences and sequences related to xenotropic virus. J Virol. 1977 May;22(2):361–372. doi: 10.1128/jvi.22.2.361-372.1977. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Zeigel R. F., Theilen G. H., Twiehaus M. J. Electron microscopic observations on RE virus (strain T) that induces reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys, chickens, and Japanese quail. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Dec;37(6):709–729. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]