The acquisition of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide Haemophilus influenzae type b and tetanus toxoid antibodies, with age, in the UK (original) (raw)

Abstract

Antibody levels specific for capsular polysaccharides of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and to tetanus toxoid (TT), were measured in serum samples of 750 age-stratified subjects from the UK. The study subjects comprised healthy adult volunteers and hospitalized children undergoing elective surgery, excluding those with a history of infection or under investigation for immunological or haematological disorders. These antibody levels were calibrated by comparison with serum pool obtained from healthy adult volunteers, who were immunized with Hib polyribose-phosphate vaccine (Merieux). The data are intended to provide reference ranges to assist in the interpretation of specific antibody measurements in the clinical setting. Maternal IgG pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PCP) specific antibody levels, geometric-mean titre (GMT) 1/22, were lost by 6 months of age (GMT of 1/9). They remained low until 3-5 years (GMT of 1/20), and consisted principally of IgG1. Thereafter, IgG anti-PCP antibody titres increased steadily to adult levels (GMT of 1/275), of which 80% was IgG2. Anti-PCP antibody titres of the IgM isotype rose steadily from a GMT 1/21 (0-6 months) to 1/420 (3-5 years), a level which was maintained until adulthood. Anti-Hib antibody concentrations, determined by RABA, again demonstrated the decline in maternal antibody, from 0.18 micrograms/ml in the 0-6 month age cohort, to 0.09 microgram/ml between 6 and 12 months. Geometric-mean antibody concentrations remained below 0.2 micrograms/ml until 3-5 years, then increased with age, attaining the mean adult level of 1.02 micrograms/ml. Anti-TT antibody concentrations were measured in the same sera, by ELISA. Two peaks in anti-TT antibody levels were seen in children of 0.059 IU/ml and 0.166 IU/ml corresponding to the schedule of routine childhood immunization in the first year and at 5 years of age.

157

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ambrosino D. M., Siber G. R., Chilmonczyk B. A., Jernberg J. B., Finberg R. W. An immunodeficiency characterized by impaired antibody responses to polysaccharides. N Engl J Med. 1987 Mar 26;316(13):790–793. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198703263161306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amir J., Liang X., Granoff D. M. Variability in the functional activity of vaccine-induced antibody to Haemophilus influenzae type b. Pediatr Res. 1990 Apr;27(4 Pt 1):358–364. doi: 10.1203/00006450-199004000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Briles D. E., Nahm M., Schroer K., Davie J., Baker P., Kearney J., Barletta R. Antiphosphocholine antibodies found in normal mouse serum are protective against intravenous infection with type 3 streptococcus pneumoniae. J Exp Med. 1981 Mar 1;153(3):694–705. doi: 10.1084/jem.153.3.694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Giebink G. S., Le C. T., Schiffman G. Decline of serum antibody in splenectomized children after vaccination with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides. J Pediatr. 1984 Oct;105(4):576–582. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80422-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Granoff D. M., Munson R. S., Jr Prospects for prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b disease by immunization. J Infect Dis. 1986 Mar;153(3):448–461. doi: 10.1093/infdis/153.3.448. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Granoff D. M., Shackelford P. G., Suarez B. K., Nahm M. H., Cates K. L., Murphy T. V., Karasic R., Osterholm M. T., Pandey J. P., Daum R. S. Hemophilus influenzae type B disease in children vaccinated with type B polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med. 1986 Dec 18;315(25):1584–1590. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198612183152505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Hammarström L., Smith C. I. IgG subclasses in bacterial infections. Monogr Allergy. 1986;19:122–133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hazlewood M. A., Kumararatne D. S., Webster A. D., Goodall M., Bird P., Daha M. An association between homozygous C3 deficiency and low levels of anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Clin Exp Immunol. 1992 Mar;87(3):404–409. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1992.tb03010.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Jefferis R., Kumararatne D. S. Selective IgG subclass deficiency: quantification and clinical relevance. Clin Exp Immunol. 1990 Sep;81(3):357–367. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1990.tb05339.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Jefferis R., Reimer C. B., Skvaril F., de Lange G., Ling N. R., Lowe J., Walker M. R., Phillips D. J., Aloisio C. H., Wells T. W. Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies having specificity for human IgG sub-classes: results of an IUIS/WHO collaborative study. Immunol Lett. 1985;10(3-4):223–252. doi: 10.1016/0165-2478(85)90082-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Moxon E. R., Kroll J. S. The role of bacterial polysaccharide capsules as virulence factors. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1990;150:65–85. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-74694-9_4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Musher D. M., Luchi M. J., Watson D. A., Hamilton R., Baughn R. E. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in young adults and older bronchitics: determination of IgG responses by ELISA and the effect of adsorption of serum with non-type-specific cell wall polysaccharide. J Infect Dis. 1990 Apr;161(4):728–735. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.4.728. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mäkelä O., Mattila P., Rautonen N., Seppälä I., Eskola J., Käyhty H. Isotype concentrations of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide (Hib) in young adults immunized with the polysaccharide as such or conjugated to a protein (diphtheria toxoid). J Immunol. 1987 Sep 15;139(6):1999–2004. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Peltola H., Käyhty H., Virtanen M., Mäkelä P. H. Prevention of Hemophilus influenzae type b bacteremic infections with the capsular polysaccharide vaccine. N Engl J Med. 1984 Jun 14;310(24):1561–1566. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198406143102404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Plikaytis B. D., Turner S. H., Gheesling L. L., Carlone G. M. Comparisons of standard curve-fitting methods to quantitate Neisseria meningitidis group A polysaccharide antibody levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Jul;29(7):1439–1446. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.7.1439-1446.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Robbins J. B., Parke J. C., Jr, Schneerson R., Whisnant J. K. Quantitative measurement of "natural" and immunization-induced Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Pediatr Res. 1973 Mar;7(3):103–110. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197303000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schur P. H., Rosen F., Norman M. E. Immunoglobulin subclasses in normal children. Pediatr Res. 1979 Mar;13(3):181–183. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197903000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sørensen U. B., Henrichsen J. C-polysaccharide in a pneumococcal vaccine. Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand C. 1984 Dec;92(6):351–356. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1984.tb00099.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wheeler J. G., Steiner D. Evaluation of humoral responsiveness in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1992 Apr;11(4):304–310. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]