Interaction of human thyroid hormone receptor beta with transcription factor TFIIB may mediate target gene derepression and activation by thyroid hormone (original) (raw)

Abstract

The human thyroid hormone receptor beta (hTR beta) is capable of both transcriptional silencing and hormone-dependent activation. However, the detailed mechanism of this transcriptional regulation remains to be elucidated. One possibility is that hTR beta interacts directly with factors of the basal transcriptional machinery, thereby modulating basal promoter activity in a direct manner, as has been shown for other transcription factors. Here, we show that hTR beta interacts specifically with the human basal transcription factor TFIIB. Deletion analysis revealed two contact sites in the receptor: one is located in the N terminus, while the other is part of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) and is located at the C terminus. Interestingly, each receptor contact site interacts with different sites in TFIIB. Cotransfection experiments revealed that, when fused to the DNA-binding domain of yeast transcription factor GAL4, the C-terminal interaction site of hTR beta was transcriptionally inactive; however, when it was cotransfected with the remaining part of the LBD on a separate molecule, silencing function was restored. In agreement with that, we show that thyroid hormone is able to significantly decrease the interaction of its receptor LBD with TFIIB. Our data suggest that hTR beta acts as a transcriptional silencer by interacting with TFIIB and that thyroid hormone may act in part by preventing transcriptional repression at this level.

8832

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baniahmad A., Köhne A. C., Renkawitz R. A transferable silencing domain is present in the thyroid hormone receptor, in the v-erbA oncogene product and in the retinoic acid receptor. EMBO J. 1992 Mar;11(3):1015–1023. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1992.tb05140.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baniahmad A., Tsai S. Y., O'Malley B. W., Tsai M. J. Kindred S thyroid hormone receptor is an active and constitutive silencer and a repressor for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Nov 15;89(22):10633–10637. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.22.10633. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Berger S. L., Piña B., Silverman N., Marcus G. A., Agapite J., Regier J. L., Triezenberg S. J., Guarente L. Genetic isolation of ADA2: a potential transcriptional adaptor required for function of certain acidic activation domains. Cell. 1992 Jul 24;70(2):251–265. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90100-q. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bocquel M. T., Kumar V., Stricker C., Chambon P., Gronemeyer H. The contribution of the N- and C-terminal regions of steroid receptors to activation of transcription is both receptor and cell-specific. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 11;17(7):2581–2595. doi: 10.1093/nar/17.7.2581. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carey M., Kakidani H., Leatherwood J., Mostashari F., Ptashne M. An amino-terminal fragment of GAL4 binds DNA as a dimer. J Mol Biol. 1989 Oct 5;209(3):423–432. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90007-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Colgan J., Wampler S., Manley J. L. Interaction between a transcriptional activator and transcription factor IIB in vivo. Nature. 1993 Apr 8;362(6420):549–553. doi: 10.1038/362549a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cooney A. J., Leng X., Tsai S. Y., O'Malley B. W., Tsai M. J. Multiple mechanisms of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-dependent repression of transactivation by the vitamin D, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid receptors. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4152–4160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ha I., Lane W. S., Reinberg D. Cloning of a human gene encoding the general transcription initiation factor IIB. Nature. 1991 Aug 22;352(6337):689–695. doi: 10.1038/352689a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ha I., Roberts S., Maldonado E., Sun X., Kim L. U., Green M., Reinberg D. Multiple functional domains of human transcription factor IIB: distinct interactions with two general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Genes Dev. 1993 Jun;7(6):1021–1032. doi: 10.1101/gad.7.6.1021. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ing N. H., Beekman J. M., Tsai S. Y., Tsai M. J., O'Malley B. W. Members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily interact with TFIIB (S300-II). J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):17617–17623. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ingles C. J., Shales M., Cress W. D., Triezenberg S. J., Greenblatt J. Reduced binding of TFIID to transcriptionally compromised mutants of VP16. Nature. 1991 Jun 13;351(6327):588–590. doi: 10.1038/351588a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kaelin W. G., Jr, Pallas D. C., DeCaprio J. A., Kaye F. J., Livingston D. M. Identification of cellular proteins that can interact specifically with the T/E1A-binding region of the retinoblastoma gene product. Cell. 1991 Feb 8;64(3):521–532. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90236-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lin Y. S., Green M. R. Mechanism of action of an acidic transcriptional activator in vitro. Cell. 1991 Mar 8;64(5):971–981. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(91)90321-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lin Y. S., Ha I., Maldonado E., Reinberg D., Green M. R. Binding of general transcription factor TFIIB to an acidic activating region. Nature. 1991 Oct 10;353(6344):569–571. doi: 10.1038/353569a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Norman C., Runswick M., Pollock R., Treisman R. Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF, a transcription factor that binds to the c-fos serum response element. Cell. 1988 Dec 23;55(6):989–1003. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90244-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pugh B. F., Tjian R. Mechanism of transcriptional activation by Sp1: evidence for coactivators. Cell. 1990 Jun 29;61(7):1187–1197. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90683-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Silver P. A., Chiang A., Sadler I. Mutations that alter both localization and production of a yeast nuclear protein. Genes Dev. 1988 Jun;2(6):707–717. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.6.707. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stringer K. F., Ingles C. J., Greenblatt J. Direct and selective binding of an acidic transcriptional activation domain to the TATA-box factor TFIID. Nature. 1990 Jun 28;345(6278):783–786. doi: 10.1038/345783a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Sundseth R., Hansen U. Activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by the specific DNA-binding protein LSF. Increased rate of binding of the basal promoter factor TFIIB. J Biol Chem. 1992 Apr 15;267(11):7845–7855. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Vegeto E., Allan G. F., Schrader W. T., Tsai M. J., McDonnell D. P., O'Malley B. W. The mechanism of RU486 antagonism is dependent on the conformation of the carboxy-terminal tail of the human progesterone receptor. Cell. 1992 May 15;69(4):703–713. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90234-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Weinberger C., Thompson C. C., Ong E. S., Lebo R., Gruol D. J., Evans R. M. The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Nature. 1986 Dec 18;324(6098):641–646. doi: 10.1038/324641a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]