Herpesviruses and heparan sulfate: an intimate relationship in aid of viral entry - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Herpesviruses and heparan sulfate: an intimate relationship in aid of viral entry

D Shukla et al. J Clin Invest. 2001 Aug.

No abstract available

Figures

Figure 1

Entry of HSV-1 into cells. The initial contact of virus with cell is usually the binding of virus to heparan sulfate chains on cell surface proteoglycans (HSPG). Either of the viral glycoproteins gB or gC can mediate this binding. Then viral gD can bind to any one of several entry receptors, including HVEM (I), a member of the TNF-receptor family; nectin-1 or nectin-2 (II), two related members of the immunoglobulin superfamily; or sites generated in heparan sulfate by the action of specific 3-_O_-sulfotransferases (III). The binding of gD to one of its receptors activates viral membrane-fusing activity, which requires the action of gB and gH-gL as well as gD and a gD receptor. Fusion between the viral envelope and cell membrane liberates the viral nucleocapsid and tegument into the cell cytoplasm.

Figure 2

Structural features of disaccharides in heparan sulfate within the sites modified by 3-OST-1 and 3-OST-3A or 3-OST-3B. Substrate recognition by each enzyme probably involves binding to more than two residues in the polymer, but the groups colored in green may contribute to recognition by each enzyme. The sulfate group added by each enzyme is shown in red. The disaccharide found in 3-OST-1–modified heparan sulfate is part of the pentasaccharide to which antithrombin binds. The disaccharide found in 3-OST-3–modified heparan sulfate is part of the binding site for gD, the size and overall structure of which is not yet known.

References

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Herpesviruses and heparan sulfate: an intimate relationship in aid of viral entry - PubMed (original) (raw)