Both high and low levels of blood vitamin D are associated with a higher prostate cancer risk: a longitudinal, nested case-control study in the Nordic countries - PubMed (original) (raw)
. 2004 Jan 1;108(1):104-8.
doi: 10.1002/ijc.11375.
Leena Tenkanen, Merja Ahonen, Sonja Lumme, Egil Jellum, Göran Hallmans, Pär Stattin, Sverre Harvei, Timo Hakulinen, Tapio Luostarinen, Joakim Dillner, Matti Lehtinen, Matti Hakama
Affiliations
- PMID: 14618623
- DOI: 10.1002/ijc.11375
Both high and low levels of blood vitamin D are associated with a higher prostate cancer risk: a longitudinal, nested case-control study in the Nordic countries
Pentti Tuohimaa et al. Int J Cancer. 2004.
Abstract
Vitamin D inhibits the development and growth of prostate cancer cells. Epidemiologic results on serum vitamin D levels and prostate cancer risk have, however, been inconsistent. We conducted a longitudinal nested case-control study on Nordic men (Norway, Finland and Sweden) using serum banks of 200,000 samples. We studied serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels of 622 prostate cancer cases and 1,451 matched controls and found that both low (</=19 nmol/l) and high (>/=80 nmol/l) 25(OH)-vitamin D serum concentrations are associated with higher prostate cancer risk. The normal average serum concentration of 25(OH)-vitamin D (40-60 nmol/l) comprises the lowest risk of prostate cancer. The U-shaped risk of prostate cancer might be due to similar 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) availability within the prostate: low vitamin D serum concentration apparently leads to a low tissue concentration and to weakened mitotic control of target cells, whereas a high vitamin D level might lead to vitamin D resistance through increased inactivation by enhanced expression of 24-hydroxylase. It is recommended that vitamin D deficiency be supplemented, but too high vitamin D serum level might also enhance cancer development.
Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comment in
- Enzyme kinetics hypothesis to explain the U-shaped risk curve for prostate cancer vs. 25-hydroxyvitamin D in nordic countries.
Vieth R. Vieth R. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep 1;111(3):468; author reply 469. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20218. Int J Cancer. 2004. PMID: 15221979 No abstract available. - Geographic variation of prostate cancer mortality rates in the United States: Implications for prostate cancer risk related to vitamin D.
Grant WB. Grant WB. Int J Cancer. 2004 Sep 1;111(3):470-1; author reply 472. doi: 10.1002/ijc.20220. Int J Cancer. 2004. PMID: 15221981 No abstract available.
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