Effect of the influenza A (H1N1) live attenuated intranasal vaccine on nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other volatiles in exhaled breath - PubMed (original) (raw)

Comparative Study

Effect of the influenza A (H1N1) live attenuated intranasal vaccine on nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other volatiles in exhaled breath

A Mashir et al. J Breath Res. 2011 Sep.

Abstract

For the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, vaccination and infection control were the main modes of prevention. A live attenuated H1N1 vaccine mimics natural infection and works by evoking a host immune response, but currently there are no easy methods to measure such a response. To determine if an immune response could be measured in exhaled breath, exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and other exhaled breath volatiles using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) were measured before and daily for seven days after administering the H1N1 2009 monovalent live intranasal vaccine (FluMist®, MedImmune LLC) in nine healthy healthcare workers (age 35 ± 7 years; five females). On day 3 after H1N1 FluMist® administration there were increases in FE(NO) (MEAN±SEM: day 0 15 ± 3 ppb, day 3 19 ± 3 ppb; p < 0.001) and breath isoprene (MEAN±SEM: day 0 59 ± 15 ppb, day 3 99 ± 17 ppb; p = 0.02). MS analysis identified the greatest number of changes in exhaled breath on day 3 with 137 product ion masses that changed from baseline. The exhaled breath changes on day 3 after H1N1 vaccination may reflect the underlying host immune response. However, further work to elucidate the sources of the exhaled breath changes is necessary.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

(a) SIFT-MS instrument. (b) Exhaled breath collection device consisting of an air filter, flow meter, mouth filter and breath collection bag. Reproduced with permission from Syft Technologies.

Figure 2

Figure 2

FENO (n = 6) was higher on day 3 compared to baseline (day 0).

Figure 3

Figure 3

The number of differences in product ion masses from the MS data representing exhaled breath volatiles on days 1–7 after vaccination. The greatest number of product ion masses that changed after baseline (day 0) occurred on day 3.

Figure 4

Figure 4

(a) The top three product ion masses identified by discriminant analysis capable of classifying subjects into day 0 or day 3 groups. Normal contour ellipsoids are displayed in red (day 0) on the left, and blue (day 3) on the right. (b) Comparison of one selected product ion mass between day 0 and day 3.

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