Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial - PubMed (original) (raw)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial
George A Bray et al. JAMA. 2012.
Erratum in
- JAMA. 2012 Mar 14;307(10):1028
Abstract
Context: The role of diet composition in response to overeating and energy dissipation in humans is unclear.
Objective: To evaluate the effects of overconsumption of low, normal, and high protein diets on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition.
Design, setting, and participants: A single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 25 US healthy, weight-stable male and female volunteers, aged 18 to 35 years with a body mass index between 19 and 30. The first participant was admitted to the inpatient metabolic unit in June 2005 and the last in October 2007.
Intervention: After consuming a weight-stabilizing diet for 13 to 25 days, participants were randomized to diets containing 5% of energy from protein (low protein), 15% (normal protein), or 25% (high protein), which they were overfed during the last 8 weeks of their 10- to 12-week stay in the inpatient metabolic unit. Compared with energy intake during the weight stabilization period, the protein diets provided approximately 40% more energy intake, which corresponds to 954 kcal/d (95% CI, 884-1022 kcal/d).
Main outcome measures: Body composition was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry biweekly, resting energy expenditure was measured weekly by ventilated hood, and total energy expenditure by doubly labeled water prior to the overeating and weight stabilization periods and at weeks 7 to 8.
Results: Overeating produced significantly less weight gain in the low protein diet group (3.16 kg; 95% CI, 1.88-4.44 kg) compared with the normal protein diet group (6.05 kg; 95% CI, 4.84-7.26 kg) or the high protein diet group (6.51 kg; 95% CI, 5.23-7.79 kg) (P = .002). Body fat increased similarly in all 3 protein diet groups and represented 50% to more than 90% of the excess stored calories. Resting energy expenditure, total energy expenditure, and body protein did not increase during overfeeding with the low protein diet. In contrast, resting energy expenditure (normal protein diet: 160 kcal/d [95% CI, 102-218 kcal/d]; high protein diet: 227 kcal/d [95% CI, 165-289 kcal/d]) and body protein (lean body mass) (normal protein diet: 2.87 kg [95% CI, 2.11-3.62 kg]; high protein diet: 3.18 kg [95% CI, 2.37-3.98 kg]) increased significantly with the normal and high protein diets.
Conclusions: Among persons living in a controlled setting, calories alone account for the increase in fat; protein affected energy expenditure and storage of lean body mass, but not body fat storage.
Trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00565149.
Figures
Figure 1
Flow Diagram Describing Recruitment, Study Flow, and Follow-up of the Participants
Figure 2
Study Design Showing Study Days Before Overfeeding and Weekly Events Thereafter
Figure 3
Changes in Body Weight, Body Fat, and Lean Body Mass During 8 Weeks of Overeating
Figure 4
Changes in Resting Energy Expenditure During 8 Weeks of Overeating
Figure 5
Changes in Resting and Total Energy Expenditure
Figure 6
Relationship of Energy Intake and Protein Intake With Change in Body Fat and Change in Lean Body Mass
Comment in
- Overeating and overweight: extra calories increase fat mass while protein increases lean mass.
Li Z, Heber D. Li Z, et al. JAMA. 2012 Jan 4;307(1):86-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1959. JAMA. 2012. PMID: 22215169 No abstract available. - Inadequacy of BMI as an indicator for bariatric surgery.
Livingston EH. Livingston EH. JAMA. 2012 Jan 4;307(1):88-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.1950. JAMA. 2012. PMID: 22215170 No abstract available. - Nutrition: Overeating, weight gain and lean body mass--is dietary protein content the key?
Wilson C. Wilson C. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012 Jan 24;8(3):127. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2012.5. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012. PMID: 22271189 No abstract available. - Dietary protein and weight gain.
Westerterp KR. Westerterp KR. JAMA. 2012 Apr 25;307(16):1691-2; author reply 1692. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.532. JAMA. 2012. PMID: 22535849 No abstract available.
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