Antidiabetic Effect of an Active Components Group from Ilex kudingcha and Its Chemical Composition - PubMed (original) (raw)

Antidiabetic Effect of an Active Components Group from Ilex kudingcha and Its Chemical Composition

Chengwu Song et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012.

Abstract

The leaves of Ilex kudingcha are used as an ethnomedicine in the treatment of symptoms related with diabetes mellitus and obesity throughout the centuries in China. The present study investigated the antidiabetic activities of an active components group (ACG) obtained from Ilex kudingcha in alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic mice. ACG significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum glycaemic and lipids in type 2 diabetic mice. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and glucokinase were upregulated significantly, while fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic enzyme was downregulated in diabetic mice after treatment of ACG. These findings clearly provided evidences regarding the antidiabetic potentials of ACG from Ilex kudingcha. Using LC-DAD/HR-ESI-TOF-MS, six major components were identified in ACG. They are three dicaffeoylquinic acids that have been reported previously, and three new triterpenoid saponins, which were the first time to be identified in Ilex kudingcha. It is reasonable to assume that antidiabetic activity of Ilex kudingcha against hyperglycemia resulted from these six major components. Also, synergistic effects among their compounds may exist in the antidiabetic activity of Ilex kudingcha.

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Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Food (a) and water (b) intake during treatment with ACG in type 2 diabetic mice. *P < 0.05 versus T group.

Figure 2

Figure 2

Serum glucose levels (a, b) and total cholesterol levels (c) during treatment with ACG in type 2 diabetic mice.

Figure 3

Figure 3

Gene expression analysis in the liver by real-time RT-PCR. (a) HMGCR; (b) FASN; (c) G6PC; (d) GCK. Significant differences were observed at P < 0.05* versus T groups. __β_-actin was used as a control to standardize the efficiency of each reaction. Gene expression was presented using a modification of the 2−ΔΔCt method [–14].

Figure 4

Figure 4

Fold-change on RT-PCR. The corresponding RT-PCR efficiencies were calculated according to the equation E = 10[−1/slope] [12].

Figure 5

Figure 5

LC-DAD chromatogram spectrum and HR-ESI-TOF-MSn negative mass spectrum of ACG.

Figure 6

Figure 6

HR-ESI-TOF-MS/MS of three chlorogenic acids isomers identified in ACG and their structures. (a) Spectrum of Compound 1; (b) spectrum of Compound 2; (c) spectrum of Compound 3.

Figure 7

Figure 7

HR-ESI-TOF-MS/MS of three dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers identified in ACG. (a) Spectrum of Compound 8; (b) spectrum of Compound 9; (c) spectrum of Compound 10.

Figure 8

Figure 8

Structures of the flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins identified or characterized in ACG. *ara: arabinoside; rha: rhamnoside; glc: glucoside; glcu: glucuronide.

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