Cytokine kinetics of Zika virus-infected patients from acute to reconvalescent phase - PubMed (original) (raw)

Cytokine kinetics of Zika virus-infected patients from acute to reconvalescent phase

Dennis Tappe et al. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2016 Jun.

Abstract

Zika virus is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus currently causing large epidemics in the Pacific Ocean region and Brazil. Clinically, Zika fever resembles dengue fever, but is less severe. Whereas the clinical syndrome and laboratory diagnostic procedures have been described, little attention was paid to the immunology of the disease and its possible use for clinical follow-up of patients. Here, we investigate the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of Zika fever in travelers returning from Asia, the Pacific, and Brazil. Polyfunctional T cell activation (Th1, Th2, Th9, and Th17 response) was seen during the acute phase characterized by respective cytokine level increases, followed by a decrease in the reconvalescent phase.

Keywords: Arbovirus; Cytokine; Flavivirus; Outbreak; Zika fever; Zika virus.

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Figures

Fig. 1

Fig. 1

Changes in cytokine levels in the acute and recovery phase of Zika fever. With the exception of IL-8, significant elevations of the serum interleukin concentrations are evident in the early, acute phase of Zika fever. In the recovery phase, IL-1b, IL-8, and IL-10 levels were higher than in the acute phase, whereas levels of the other depicted cytokines were declining. Box-and-whisker plots showing median, upper and lower quartile, minimum, and maximum values. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, versus healthy controls (Kruskal–Wallis test)

Fig. 2

Fig. 2

Changes in cytokine and growth factor levels in the acute and recovery phase of Zika fever. RANTES, MIP-1a, and VEGF levels were higher in the acute than in the recovery phase, whereas IP-10, MIP-1b, and GM-CSF reached higher concentrations in the recovery phase than during acute infection. IFN-γ levels showed a non-significant, however, increasing trend over the course of infection, whereas TNF-α concentrations only displayed a non-significant median increase in the acute phase. Box-and-whisker plots showing median, upper and lower quartile, minimum, and maximum values. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, versus healthy controls (Kruskal–Wallis test)

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