Urinothorax: Case report and systematic review of the literature - PubMed (original) (raw)

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Urinothorax: Case report and systematic review of the literature

Alexander Casallas et al. Urol Ann. 2016 Jan-Mar.

Abstract

Urinothorax, the presence of urine in the pleural space, is a rare cause of pleural effusion, usually associated with obstructive uropathy, or urinary trauma. We present the case of a 3 year-old boy and a systematic review of the literature of the 44 cases encountered. After resection of a Wilm's tumour in the right kidney our patient presented acute respiratory distress associated with radiographically confirmed pleural effusion. With the initial diagnosis of pneumonia or malignant pleural effusion, a closed thoracotomy was performed. The liquid obtained suggested urine, which was confirmed by the laboratory. Cystoscopy with retrograde pyelography detected a fistula on the posterior wall of the right kidney. The report of cases worldwide is low, probably due to its low incidence but also to underdiagnosis. Respiratory symptoms are not always present and urological symptoms usually predominate. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion and is confirmed by the main biochemical marker: The ratio >1.0 pleural fluid creatinine and creatinine serum.

Keywords: Pleural effusion; Wilms tumor; urinothorax; urologic surgical procedures.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None.

Figures

Figure 1

Figure 1

Systematic review flowchart

Figure 2

Figure 2

Chest radiography of a 3-year-old boy with right pleural effusion

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