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The Democratic-Republicans took control of Congress ... Creation of a democratic non-aristocratic government. Total defeat of Federalists by 1816 ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
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Title: Thomas Jefferson and His Presidency
1
Thomas Jefferson and His Presidency
2
Election of 1800
- Thomas Jefferson became president
- The Democratic-Republicans took control of
Congress - The Twelfth Amendment was added to the
Constitution - Pres and VP run as a ticket
- "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists."
3
Election of 1800
- Referred to as constituting another revolution
- the party in power stepped down after losing the
election - Changes made
- Size of the military reduced
- Number of Federal employees increased
- Amount of national debt reduced
- Alien and Sedition Acts repealed
4
TOUSSAINT L OUVERTURE
- LEADS A SLAVE REVOLT AGAINST THE FRENCH
- NAPOLEON SENDS 20,000 TROOPS
- YELLOW FEVER AND LOUVERTURES ARMY DEFEAT THE
FRENCH - DAMN SUGAR, DAMN COFFEE, DAMN COLONIES
5
Louisiana Purchase
- Jeffersons purchase of Louisiana had its origins
in his desire to - Give the United States control over the
Mississippi River - acquire a port to provide an outlet for western
crops - hoped to preserve an agricultural (agrarian)
society by making abundant lands available to
future generations - to prevent war with France over control of the
Louisiana Territory and secure American commerce
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THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
- IN 1800 NAPOLEON GAINS CONTROL OF NEW ORLEANS
FROM SPAIN. - WITHDRAWS THE RIGHT OF DEPOSIT IN1802
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JEFFERSON WANTS NEW ORLEANS
- JEFFERSON SENDS JAMES MONROE ROBERT LIVINGSTON
TO PARIS. - THEY ARE TO BUY NEW ORLEANS- CAN PAY AS MUCH AS
10 MILLION
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MORE
- IF THE FRENCH REFUSE MONROE IS TO FORM AN
ALLIANCE WITH BRITAIN AGAINST FRANCE.
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NAPOLEON OFFERS TO SELL ALL OF LOUISIANA
- PRICE 15 MILLION DOLLARS FOR ALL THE LAND
BETWEEN THE MISSISSIPPI THE ROCKY MTS. - LIVINGSTON SIGNS THE DEAL APRIL 30, 1803
- 828,000 SQ MILES (3CENTS AN ACRE.
10
JEFFERSONS PRINCIPLES GET IN THE WAY.
- JEFFERSON IS A STRICT CONSTRUCTIONIST.
- MUST USE IMPLIED POWERS TO JUSTIFY THE DEAL.
- FEDERALIST ATTACK JEFFERSON FOR STRETCHING THE
CONSTITUTION.
11
Louisiana Purchase cont
- Bought the land from Napoleon
- 15 million
- As a strict constructionist, the Constitution
did not authorize the President to negotiate
treaties incorporating huge new expanses of land
into the union.
12
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Louisiana Yet Again
- Jefferson reluctantly submitted the treaties to
the Senate while privately admitting the purchase
as unconstitutional. - Senate promptly ratified the treaty
- Land-hungry Americans jubilantly supported the
purchase - Federalist opposition (typical of "loyal
opposition" up to the present) - Ironically argued for strict construction
President did not have power to purchase LA. - Ironically claimed LA would cost too much
especially when balancing budget was a goal - Real reason worried that western lands would be
loyal to Jeffersons Republicans..
14
Embargo Act 1807
- Forbade export of all goods from U.S.
- Jefferson got Congress to hastily pass the act
- Reasoned that a U.S. embargo would force Britain
France to respect its rights. - Loose construction of the Constitution
- Congress' power to "regulate commerce" meant it
could stop exports. - Undermined Jeffersons states rights philosophy
- Embargo Act was a disaster to the U.S. economy
- Non Intercourse Act (ended Embargo Act)
- Formally reopened trade with all nations of the
world except France and Britain - Remained U.S. policy until War of 1812.
15
Jeffersons Legacy
- Expansion became prime goal
- Creation of a democratic non-aristocratic
government - Total defeat of Federalists by 1816
- Jefferson kept the country out of a damaging
European war - War of 1812 not until late in Madisons first
term.
16
JEFFERSONS FOREIGN POLICY
- 1801 TO 1809
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JEFFERSON VS THE PASHA OF TRIPOLI
- JEFFERSON OPPOSED LARGE ARMIES AND NAVIES
- A THREAT TO THE GOVERNMENT
- AND EXPENSIVE
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MORE
- 2500 MEN IN THE ARMY
- BUILT JEFFS TO DEFEND THE COAST. SMALL BOATS W
1 GUN.
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1801 PASHA DECLARES WAR ON U.S.
- HOW WOULD JEFFERSON RESPOND?
- SENDS MARINES TO THE SHORES OF TRIPOLI
- 1805 WAR ENDS - WE PAY 60,000 IN RANSOM.
- BUT SHOWED WE WOULD FIGHT.
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JEFFERSONS NAVAL POLICY LEADS TO WEAKNESS.
- JEFFS ARE TOO SMALL TO BE USEFUL
- WHEN THE WAR OF 1812 COMES WE MUST BUILD REAL
SHIPS TO CONTEND WITH THE BRITISH.
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THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE IS JEFFERSONS GREATEST
ACHIEVEMENT AS PRESIDENT.
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CONSEQUENCES OF THE DEAL
- DOUBLED THE SIZE OF THE UNITED STATES.
- GAINED A RICH RIVER VALLEY
- SECURED NEW ORLEANS AND THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
- JEFFERSON CALLED IT THE VALLEY OF DEMOCRACY.
23
LEWIS AND CLARK EXPEDITION 1804-1806
- ASCEND THE MISSOURI RIVER AND CROSS TO THE
PACIFIC - SURVEY THE AREA AND ESTABLISH RELATIONS WITH THE
INDIANS
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