Angola Traditional states (original) (raw)

Angola Traditional states

States: Kalembe - Kanhama - Kasanzi - Kongo (Congo) - Matamba - Ndongo - Ngoya - Ovimbundu states:Cingolo - Ciyaka - Gumba - Kalukembe - Mbailundu - Ndulu - Ngalangi - Sambu - Viye - Wambu -

Kongo

Note:Although the Kongo kingdom encompassed a large area in present-day Congo (Kinshasa), it is recorded here because its capital city, S�o Salvador (modern M'banza Congo), has always been in present-day Angola. The record for the 18th and early 19th century is very obscure and there are conflicting lists of rulers and dates up to Pedro V.

c_.1390_Kongo dya Ntotila, the Kongo Kingdom, founded.
Aug 1482 First contact is made with the Portuguese when explorer Diogo C�o
(b. c.1452 - d. 1486) arrives at the mouth of the Congo River.
3 May 1491 King Nzinga a Nkuwu converts to Roman Catholicism.
1576 - Oct 1641 Portuguese vassal.
Oct 1641 - 1648 Dutch ally (treaty signed Mar 1642).
1649 - 1859 Portuguese vassal.
29 Oct 1665 - Feb 1709 Disrupted during civil war (capital is destroyed 1678).
1859 - 1914 Portuguese protectorate (reconfirmed 1888).
1860 - 1870 Portuguese station troops in S�o Salvador.
Aug 1888 Portuguese station troops in S�o Salvador, Portuguese Angola
District of Congo, encompassing the northern region, established.
11 Dec 1913 - Jul 1915 Kongo revolt against S�o Salvador (also called the "Revolt of Buta")
opposing Portuguese colonial tax and compulsory labor practices.
1914 Kingship abolished by Portuguese colonial rulers, but local
hereditary rule continues to 1975.
11 Nov 1975 At Angola's independence noble titles are officially abolished.

Kings (styled Ntotila a Ntinu ne Kongo)
c.1390 - c.1420 Lukeni lua Nimi (Ntinu Nimi a Lukeni)
c.1420 - c.1435 Nanga
c.1435 - c.1450 Nlaza
c.1450 - c.1470 Nkuwu a Ntinu
c.1470 - 1509 Nzinga a Nkuwu (b. c.1440 - d. 1509)
(from 3 May 1491, Jo�o I)
1509 - 1542/43 Afonso I Mvemba a Nzinga (b. 1456 - d. 1542/43)
1543 - 1545 Pedro I Nkanga a Mvemba (b. 1478 - d. 1566)
1545 Francisco I (b. 1500 - d. 1545)
1545 - 4 Nov 1561 Diogo I Nkumbi a Mpudi (b. 1503 - d. 1561)
4 Nov 1561 - 1 Dec 1561 Afonso II Mpemba a Nzinga (b. 1531 - d. 1561)
1 Dec 1561 - 10 Apr 1567 Bernardo I (b. 1534 - d. 1567)
10 Apr 1567 - 1 Feb 1568 Henrique I Nerika a Mpudi (b. 1505 - d. 1568)
1 Feb 1568 - 6 Mar 1587 �lvaro I Nimi a Lukeni lua Mvemba (b. 1537 - d. 1587)
6 Mar 1587 - 9 Aug 1614 �lvaro II Nimi a Nkanga (b. 1565 - d. 1614)
9 Aug 1614 - 20 Aug 1615 Bernardo II Nimi a Mpanzu (b. 1570 - d. 1615)
20 Aug 1615 - 4 May 1622 �lvaro III Nimi a Mpanzu (b. 1595 - d. 1622)
26 May 1622 - 3 Apr 1624 Pedro II Nkanga a Mvika (b. 1575 - d. 1624)
27 Apr 1624 - 7 Mar 1626 Garcia I Afonso Mvemba a Nkanga (b. 1600 - d. 1626)
Mar 1626 - 7 Mar 1631 Ambr�sio I Nimi a Nkanga (b. c.1600 - d. 1631)
8 Mar 1631 - 24 Feb 1636 �lvaro IV Nzinga a Nkuwu (b. 1610 - d. 1636)
27 Feb 1636 - 14 Aug 1636 �lvaro V Mpanzu a Nimi (b. 1613 - d. 1636)
27 Aug 1636 - 22 Jan 1641 �lvaro VI Afonso Nimi a Lukeni a (b. 1581 - d. 1641)
Nzenze a Ntumba
22 Jan 1641 - 23 Jan 1660 Garcia II Afonso Nkanga a Lukeni a (b. 1615 - d. 1660)
Nzenze a Ntumba
23 Jan 1660 - 29 Oct 1665 Ant�nio I Nvita a Nkanga (b. 1617 - d. 1665)
Nov 1665 � Dec 1665 Afonso II (1st time) (b. 1632 - d. 1669)
Dec 1665 � Jun 1666 �lvaro VII Tusi Mumaza (b. 1631 - d. 1666)
Jun 1666 - Jan 1669 �lvaro VIII Mvemba a Mpanzu (b. 1630 - d. 1669)
Jan 1669 � Jun 1669 Pedro III Nsimba Ntamba (1st time) (b. 1648 - d. 1680)
Jun 1669 - end 1670�lvaro IX Mpanzu a Ntivila (b. 1650 - d. 1670)
end 1670 - mid 1673Rafael I Nzinga a Nkanga (d. 1673)
mid 1673 - mid 1674 Afonso III Mvemba a Nimi (d. 1674)
mid 1674 - mid 1678 Daniel I Miyala Mpangu (d. 1678)
mid 1678 - 1691 Interregnum
1691 - 23 Sep 1692 Manuel Afonso Nzinga a Nlenke (d. 1692)
1692 - 1704 Pedro IV Nusamu a Mvemba (claimant) (b. c.1666 - d. 1718)
1704 - 15 Feb 1709 Pedro Constantino da Silva (d. 1709)
(claimant)
- in dissidence at Kibangu -
1666 - 1669/70 Sebasti�o I (b. 1634 � d. 1669/70)
1669/70 - 1685/89 Garcia III Nkanga a Mvemba (d. 1685/89)
1685/89 - 1686/90 Andr� I Mvizi a Nkanga (d. 1686/90)
1686/90 - 1687/91 Manuel Afonso Nzinga a Nlenke (s.a.)
1687/91 - Dec 1695 Alvaro X Nimi a Mvemba Agua Rosada (d. 1695)
1 Dec 1695 - 15 Feb 1709 Pedro IV Nusamu a Mvemba (s.a.)
- in dissidence at Nkondo -
Dec 1665 - 1669 Afonso II (2nd time) (s.a.)
1669 - mid 1673 Afonso III Mvemba a Nimi
1673 - 1709 Ana Afonso de Le�o (f) (b. 1625 - d. 1710?)
- in dissidence at Lemba-Mbula -
Jun 1669 - 1680/83 Pedro III Nsimba Ntamba (2nd time) (s.a.)
1680/83 - 4 Oct 1709 Jo�o II Nzuzi a Ntamba (d. 1716)
(continues in dissidence to 1716)
- in dissidence at Mbamba-Lovata -
1678 - 1715 Manuel II Mpanzu a Nimi (d. 1743)
- kingdom re-unified at S � o Salvador -
15 Feb 1709 - 21 Feb 1718 Pedro IV Nusamu a Mvemba (s.a.)
21 Feb 1718 - 21 Apr 1743 Manuel II Mpanzu a Nimi (s.a.)
27 Jul 1743 - 31 Mar 1752 Garcia IV Nkanga a Mvandu (b. 1670 - d. 1752)
27 Aug 1752 � 1758 Nicolau I Misaki mia Nimi (b. 1710 - d. 1758)
1758 - 1760 Afonso IV Nkanga a Nkanga (b. 1694 - d. 1760)
1760 - 1762 Ant�nio II Mvita a Mpanzu
1762 - 1763 Sebasti�o I Nanga kia Kunga (d. 1763/64)
Sep 1763 - 1764 Pedro V Ntivila a Nkanga (d. 1779)
(= Quinzalas do Sul)
(in dissidence in Ambamba Lovata to 1779)
May 1764 - 1779 �lvaro XI Nkanga a Nkanga
15 Dec 1779 - 1785 Jos� I Mpasi a Nkanga (d. 1785)
Apr 1785 - 1787 Afonso V (= Ndo Mfunsu V) (d. 1787)
22 Jun 1787 - 1791 �lvaro XII (d. 1791)
1791 - 1793 Alexio I Mpanzu a Mbandu
1793 - 1794 Joaquim I
1794 - 1804 Afonso (claimant) (b. 1794 - d. 1804?)
10 Mar 1794 - 1803 Henrique II Masaki ma Mpanzu (d. 1803)
1803 - Jan 1830 Garcia V Ne Nkanga a Nvembi (b. 1763 - d. 1830)
(= Garcia de �gua Rosada e Sard�nia)
Jan 1830 - 1842 Andr� II Mvizi a Luken (b. 1798 - d. 1842)
1842 - 23 Jan 1857 Henrique IIII Mpanzu a Nsindi a (d. 1857)
Nimi a Lukeni "Fu Kia Ngo"
1857 Dona Isabel Mbamba (f) -Regent
1857 - 7 Aug 1859 �lvaro XIII (= �lvaro Ndongo)
7 Aug 1859 - 14 Feb 1891 Pedro V Elelo (d. 1891)
[actually Pedro VI, but ignored Pedro V 1763-64]
Feb 1891 - 18 Nov 1896 �lvaro XIV (= Mfutila) (d. 1896)
1896 - 3 Apr 1901 Henrique IV (= Tekenge) -Regent (b. 1873 - d. 1901)
(= Henrique Nteyekenge Kondwa)
May 1901 - 24 Jun 1910 Pedro VII (= Mbemba) (interim) (b. 1880 - d. 1910)
1910 - 1911 Manuel Nkomba (d. 1911)
1 Jul 1911 - 1914 Manuel III Afonso (b. 1872 - d. 1927)
(= Manuel Martins Kiditu)
(deposed by colonial authorities)
Aug 1915 - 1923 �lvaro XV Afonso Nzinga
(= Noso �lvaro Nzingu)
1923 - 17 Apr 1955 Pedro VIII Afonso (= John Lengo) (d. 1955)
16 Aug 1955 - 11 Jul 1957 Ant�nio III Afonso (d. 1957)
11 Jul 1957 - 9 Sep 1962 Isabel Maria da Gama (f) -Regent
(1st time)
9 Sep 1962 - Oct 1962 Pedro VIII Afonso Mansala (d. 1962)
Oct 1962 - 1975? Isabel Maria da Gama (f) -Regent
(2nd time)

Portuguese Residents in S�o Salvador (from 1906 at ...)
1886 - 1894 Francisco Jo�o de Fran�a
Feb 1896 - Mar 1912 Jos� Heliodoro C�rte-Real de Faria (b. 1862 - d. 1945)
Leal
1912 - 1914 ....

Kasanzi

c.1616 Luba state of Kasanzi (Kazanye, Kansanje) founded by a
band of Mbangala, also known as the Jaga kingdom.
1912 State extinguished by colonial power Portugal.

Rulers (title Yaka)
c.1650 - 1680 Ngongo a Mbande
c.1680 - 1681 Kingwangwa kya Kima (usurper)
1681 - 1690? Kitamba kya Keta
c.1690s - 1700s? Kiluanje kya Ngonga
c.1700s Kinguri kya Kasombe
c.1710s Kitumba kya Kalunga
c.1720s? Kambamba ka Kinguri
c.1730s? Kasanje ka Kiluanje
c.1739 - c.1750 Lubame lwa Kipungo
c.1750 - 1770 Ngunza a Kambamba
early 1770s? Lukala lwa Njinje
mid 1770s? Kalunga ka Luhame
late 1770s - early 1780s Kitumba kya Wanga
mid 1780s? Kisweya kya Kambamba
c.1785 - 1792 Kitamba kya Shiba
1792 - c.1810 Malenge a Ngonga
c.1810 - 1820 Kitumba kya Ngonga
c.1820 Kansanje kya Kambolo
c.1830 Kihengo kya Kambolo
mid 1830s Kamasa ka Kiwende
c.1840 - 1850 Mbumba a Kinguri (1st time) (d. 1873)
1850 Kalunga ka Kisanga (d. 1850)
1851 - 1856 Kambolo ka Ngonga
(= Dom Fernando Accacio Ferreira)
1856 - 1857 Kamweje ka Kalunga (d. 1857)
1857 - 1873 Mbumba a Kinguri (2nd time) (s.a.)
1873 Malenge a Kitumba
1873 - 1883 civil war
1883 - 1885 Kwango
1888 Kasanje ka Kalanyi (d. 1888)
1888 - 1896 political stalemate
1896 Kinguri kya Kiluanje "Mushabata"
1896 - 1911political stalemate
1911 - 1912 Ngwangwa

Kanhama

c.1550 Traditional date for emergence of chiefdom
(see alternative list under Namibian traditional polities:
Uukwanyama).

Rulers
.... - 1804 Simbilinga
1804 - 1858 Haimbili "o Bom" (d. 1858)
1858 - 1859 Haikukutu (d. 1859)
1859 - 1862 Siefeni (d. 1862)
1862 - 1882 Osipandika (d. 1882)
1882 - 1884 Nampandi (d. 1884)
1884 - 1904 Uedjulu (d. 1904)
1904 - 5 Feb 1911 Nande (d. 1911)
1911 - 6 Feb 1917 Mandume (b. c.1894 - d. 1917)

Luunda [Ruund]: see under Congo (Kinshasa) traditional states

Matamba

Rulers ( title Muhongo)
1590's Kambolo Matamba
1631 Mwongo Matamba (f)
1631 - 17 Dec 1663 Nzinga Mbande (f) (b. c.1583 - d. 1663)
(= Anna de Souza Nzingha) "Njinga"
17 Dec 1663 - 1666 Mukambu Mbandi (= Dona Barbara) (f)(d. 1666)
1666 - 1669 Nzinga a Mona (1st time) (d. 1680)
1669 - 1670 Jo�o (d. 1670)
1670 - 1680 Nzinga a Mona (2nd time) (s.a.)
1680 - Sep 1681 Francisco I (d. 1681)
1681 - 1721 Ver�nica I (f) (d. 1721)
1721 - 1741 Afonso I �lvares de Pontes
1741 - 1756 Ana II (f) (d. 1756)
1756 - 1758 Ver�nica II (f) (d. 1758)
1758 - 1767 Ana III (f)
1767 - 1810 Francisco II (= Kalwete ka Mbandi)
1810 - 1833 Ndala Kamana
.... - .... Idda Ritjaso

Ndongo

c.1358 Ndongo state founded at Mbazza Kabassa.
c.1358 - 1556 BaKongo tributary.
1626 - 1642 Portuguese vassal.
12 Oct 1656 Portuguese vassal.
1567 Merged into Matamba.

Rulers (title Ngola)
1556 - 1561 Ndambi a Ngola
1561 - 1575 Kiluanji kia Ndambi
1575 - 1595 Kilombo kia Kasenda
1592 - 1617 Mbandi Ngola Kiluanji
1617 - 1624 Ngola Mbandi (d. 1624)
1624 Kaza (Kasa) (d. 1624)
1624 - 1626 Nzinga Mbande (f) (b. c.1583 - d. 1663)
(= Anna de Souza Nzingha) "Njinga"
1626 Hari a Kiluanje
1626 - 1657 Hari(= Felipe I)

Ngoya

Rulers (title Mambouk)

.... - 1800 Mafouk Kokelo
1800 - 18.. .... (f)
18.. - 18.. Maitica
18.. - 18.. Moe Gimbi I (N'Pandi Sili)
18.. - 18..Pucuta Poabo
18.. - c.1830 Mbatchi Nyongo (Bar' Chi-N'Congo) (d. c.1830)
1830 Moe Npongonga (Bar' Chi-Nbongo) (d. 1830)
1830 Moe Gimbi II
1830 - c.1852 Loemba "king Jack"
c.1852 - 1853 Npuna -Regent
1853 - 1875 Francisco Franque (b. 1776 - d. 1875)
1875 - 1882 Bastian -Regent
1882 - 1941 Domingos Jos� Franque (b. 1855 - d. 1941)

Ovimbundu states

Note: This is a large cluster of states, founded at various times from c_._1600.

Cingolo

Rulers
1800? Ekundi
1820? Ulundu
1840? Kalukongolo
1860? Kalueyo I
1870? Cimina
1880? Kalueyo II
1890? Cimbalandongolo
1900? Nandi

Ciyaka

Rulers
1810? Atende II
1820? Cikoko I
18.. - 18.. Kuvombo-inene
18.. - 18.. Ndumbu III
1835? Handa II Kaciyombo
1842 - 1850 Njimbi Ukulundu
1850 - 1870 Canja I Cimbua Cahuku Luanjangombe III
1870 - 1898 Handa Njundo
1898 - 1904 Cilulu III
1904 - 1911 Handa III
1911 - 1915 Atende III
1915 - 1918 Cikoko II
1918 - 1920 Vacant
1920 - 1925 Cilulu IV
1925 - 1928 Handa IV Kalumbombo
1929 - 1939 Sakulanda Luanjangombe IV
1939 - 1940 Cilulu V
1940 - .... Tomasi

Gumba

Rulers
1903? Ciweka
19.. - 1934 Mbati
1935 - 1938 Simbwyikoka -Regent
1938 - 1940 Kakope
1940 - 1954 Kafelo
1954 - 1956 Kutenga Lusase
1956 - 1964? Cilombo

Kalembe

Rulers
1810? Njundu
1835? Cinguangua II
1850? Cikomo
1860? Ndumba
1895? Nyime
1900? Sakatilo

Kalukembe

Rulers
1835? Ndumbu Saciyambu
1845? Keita Hungulu
1850? Kamupula
1860? Ngandu Kapembe
18.. - 18.. Vacant
1880? Pomba Kalukembe
1890? Muengo Njamba
.... - .... Kavala Hungulu

Mbailundu

Rulers
c.1700 Katiavala I
c.1720 Njahulu I
.... - .... Somandulo
1774? - 1776? Cingi I
1778? Cingi II
1780? Ekuikui I
.... - .... Numa I
.... - .... Hundungulu I
.... - .... Cisende I
.... - .... Njunjulu
.... - .... Ngungi
.... - .... Civukuvuku
1818 - 1832 Utondosi I
1833 - 1842 Bungi
1842 - 1861 Mbonge
1861 - 1869 Cisende II
1869 - 1872 Vasov�v�
1872 - 1876 Ekongo-liohombo
1876 - 1890 Ekuikui II (d. 1893)
1890 - 1892 Numa II
1893 - 1895 Katiavala II
1895 - 1896 Moma
1897 - 1898 Kangovi
1898 - 1900 Hundungulu II
1900 - 1902 Kalandula
1903 - 1904 Mutu ya Kevela -Regent
1904 - 1911 Cisende III
1911 - 1935 Njahulu II Kandimba
1935 - 1938 Musita
1938 - 1948 Cinendele
1948 - 1970 Filipe Kapoko
1970 - 1982 F�lix Numa
1982 - 1985 Congolola
1985 - 1996 Ekuikui III (d. 1996)
1996 - 1999 Utondosi II (named by UNITA)
2002 - 14 Jan 2012 Ekuikui IV (b. 1913? - d. 2012)
13 Apr 2012 - Ekuikui V (b. 1974)

Ndulu

Rulers
1800? Cindele
1810? Mbundi
1835? Siakalembe
1850? Lus�se
1870 - 1890 Elundu Civava
1890 - 189. Civange
1897? Cipati
1900? Cisusulu
190. - 190. Kasuanje
190. - 190. Siakanjimba
1904? Ndingilinya
19.. - 19.. Sihinga
1910? Congolola
1917? Cisokokua
19.. - 1935 Cihopio
1935 - .... Sangombe Esita -Regent

Ngalangi

Rulers
.... - .... Ndumba II Cihongo
1835? Kambuenge II
1844 - 1860 Ndumba III Epope Kateyavilombo
1860 - 18.. Etumbu Lutate
1886? Ndumbu I
1890? Ekumbi
1895? Cihongo II
1899? Ciyo
1905? Cipala
1916? Kangombe
1920? Ngangawe
192. - 192. Cuvika
1925? Cikuetekole
19.. - 1931 Mbumba Kambuakatepa
1931 - 1933 Cingelesi
1933 - 1935 Ndumbu II
1935 - .... Congolola

Sambu

Rulers
.... - .... Handa
1810? Usinhalua II
1820? Kambangula
1835? Congolola
.... - .... Lundungu
.... - .... Ekuikui
.... - .... Mandi
19..? Citangeleka Komundakeseke

Viye

Rulers
1795 - 1810 Kawewe
1810 - 1833 Moma Vasov�v�
1833 - 1839 Mbandua
1839 - 1842 Kakembembe Hundungulu
1842 - 1847 Liambula
1847 - 1850 Kayangula
1850 - 1857 Mukinda -Regent
1857 - 1859 Nguvenge
1860 - 1883 Konya Cilemo
1883 - 1886 Ciponge Njambayamina
1886 - 1888 Ciyoka
1888 - 1890 Cikunyu Ndunduma
1890 - 1895 Kalufele
1895 - 1901 Kaninguluka
1901 - 1903 Ciyuka (1st time)
1903 - 1915 Kavova
1915 - 1928 Ngungu
1928 - 1940 Ciyuka (2nd time)

Wambu

1902 State extinguished by colonial power Portugal.

Rulers
1800? Kahala I Kanene
1805? Vilombo II Vinene Kaneketela II
1813 - 1825 Cingi II Cinene Livonge
1825 - 1840 Ngelo II Yale
1840 - Apr 1846 Ciasungu Kiapungo
1846 - 1860 Kapoko II
1860 - 1870 Atende II a Njamba
1870 - 1877 Vilombo III Kacingangu
1877 - 1885 Hungulu II Kapusukusu
1885 - 1891 Wambu II
1891 - 1894 Njamba Cimbungu
1894 - 1902 Livonge

� Ben Cahoon