Fiji (original) (raw)
Fiji
Map of Fiji | Hear National Anthem "God Bless Fiji" Fijian: "Meda Dau Doka" (Let Us Show Pride) | Text of National Anthem Adopted 1970 | Constitution (6 Sep 2013) --------------------------------- Former Constitutions (28 Jul 1998 - 10 Apr 2009; 18 Aug 1871-27 Sep 1873; 27 Sep 1873-10 Oct 1874) |
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Capital: Suva (Levuka 1871-1877) | Currency: Fijian Dollar (FJD); 1917-1969 Fijian Pound (FJP); 1865-1874 Fiji Old Dollar (FJO) | National Holiday: 10 Oct (1970) Fiji (Independence) Day | Population: 951,611 (2024) |
GDP: 12.7billion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:12.7 billion (2023) | Exports: 12.7billion(2023)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:2.4 billion (2022) Imports: $3.4 billion (2022) | Ethnic groups: iTaukei 56.8% (predominantly Melanesian with a Polynesian admixture), Indian 37.5%, Rotuman 1.2%, other (European, part European, other Pacific Islanders, Chinese) 4.5% (2007) note: a 2010 law replaces 'Fijian' with 'iTaukei' when referring to the original and native settlers of Fiji. | |
Total Active Armed Forces: 3,500 (2010) Merchant marine: 74 ships (2023) | Religions: Protestant 45% (Methodist 34.6%, Assembly of God 5.7%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.9%, Anglican 0.8%), Hindu 27.9%, other Christian 10.4%, Roman Catholic 9.3%, Muslim 5.7%, Sikh 0.2%, other 0.2%, none 0.1% (2015) | ||
International Organizations/Treaties: ACP, ADB, AIIB, AOSIS, APA (observer), APM, BTWC, C, CCM, CP, CTBT, CWC, ESCR, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM,IPEF, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MSG, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OPCW, OST, PC, PCA, PIDF, PIF, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-KP,UNFCC-PA,UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
Fiji Index | Chronology 6 Feb 1643 Sighted (Taveubi and Vanua Levu) by the Dutch Capt. Abel Tasman (b. 1603 - d. 1659). 3 Jul 1774 Southern Lau islands (Vatoa) sighted by British Capt. James Cook (b. 1728 - d. 1779). 4 May 1789 British Lt. William Bligh (b. 1754 - d. 1817) sights the islands after the H.M.S. Bounty mutiny, for a time the islands are known as the Bligh Islands. 9 May 1840 Visited by the U.S. Exploring Expedition under Capt. Charles Wilkes (b. 1798 - d. 1877). 12 Oct 1858 Cakobau cedes Fiji to U.K. Queen Victoria. 12 Dec 1859 Chiefs of Rewa, Viwa, Bau, Ra and Nadroga sign an agreement to acknowledge Cakobau as supreme ruler; on 14 Dec 1859 Ma�afu (controlling Lau, Bua, Macuata, Beqa, Kadavu and Rakiraki) also signs (Cakaudrove does not sign). 26 May 1862 U.K rejects the cession of Fiji, British Consul in Fiji informs the chiefs on 1 Aug 1862. 8 May 1865 Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti (comprising Bau, Bua, Cakaudrove, Lakeba, Macuata, Naduri). 2 May 1867 Split into Kingdom of Bau and Confederation of Lau (comprising Bua, Cakaudrove, Lau). 5 Jun 1871 Kingdom of Viti (Fiji) 20 Mar 1874 Council of chiefs offers cession of Fiji to U.K. 10 Oct 1874 Sovereignty over the territories exercised by the chiefs of some tribes of the Fiji Islands is ceded to the British Crown in accordance with a treaty concluded at Levuka, Ovalau. Sovereignty over the Fiji Islands is vested in the British Crown in accordance with the proclamation issued by the Governor of the Colony of New South Wales (and, provisionally, of Fiji). 1 Sep 1875 Colony of Fiji. 1878 - 3 Jul 1952 Part of British Western Pacific Territories. Jan 1942 - 1945 British military administration. 13 May 1942 - 1945 U.S. forces garrison Fiji. 23 Sep 1966 Fiji (occasionally in official use, later discontinued: Dominion of Fiji). 10 Oct 1970 Independence as Fiji. 6 Oct 1987 Republic of Fiji 15 Oct 1987 Declaration of republic accepted by U.K. 25 Jul 1990 Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji 27 Jul 1998 Republic of the Fiji Islands 7 Sep 2013 Republic of Fiji (in use from 18 Jan 2011). |
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Fiji (since 1874) | |
Bau (1770-1874) | |
Bua (1800-1874) | |
Cakaudrove (1829-1874) | |
Lakeba (to 1874) | |
Macuata (1841-1874) | |
Rewa (1825-1874) | |
Confederacy of Viti (1865-1867) | |
Kingdom of Bau (1867-1869) | |
Confederation of Lau (1867-1871) | |
Viti (1871-1874) | |
Rotuma (1700-1970) |
Bau
Rulers (styled Vunivalu)
17.. - 1770 Naulatikau
1770 - Feb 1803 Banuve (d. 1803)
21 Feb 1803 - 1829 Naulivou (d. 1829)
1829 - 1832 Tanoa Visawaqa (1st time) (d. 1852)
1832 - 1837 Navuaka Komainaqaranikula Tui
Veikoso
Aug 1837 - 8 Dec 1852 Tanoa Visawaqa (2nd time) (s.a.)
8 Dec 1852 - 10 Oct 1874 Seru Cakobau (b. 1815 - d. 1883)
(from 1857, Seru Epenisa Cakobau)
Bua
Rulers (styled Tui Bua)
1800? Rawaike
18.. - 1847 Ra Masima (d. 1847)
1847 - 1848 Batinamu (d. 1848)
1848 - 18.. Tamavunisa Peter
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 George Vakawalitabua, Ra Masima
Cakaudrove
Rulers (styled Tui Cakau)
c.1829 Vakamino
c.1829 - 1845? Yavala
1845 Lalabavalu Tui Kilakila (1st time) (d. 1854)
1845 Ralulu
1845 - 1854 Lalabavalu Tui Kilakila (2nd time) (s.a.)
1854 - 1862 Raivalita
1862 - 10 Oct 1874 Qoleanavanua (d. 1879)
Lakeba
Rulers (styled Roko Sau and, after a year or more of rule, Tui Nayau)
.... - .... Niumataiwalu
.... - .... Uluilakeba I
.... - .... Lubati Lakeba
.... - .... Rasolo
.... - .... Dranivia
.... - .... Matawalu
.... - 1833 Malani (d. 1833)
1833 - 18.. Taltai Tupou
18.. - 18.. Uluilakeba II
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 Eroni Loganimoce
Macuata
Rulers (styled Tui Macuata)
.... - 1841 Mamaca (d. 1841)
1841 Roqiqi (d. 1841)
1841 Gigi (d. 1841)
1841 - 1859 Bonaveidogo
1859 - 1861 Bete (d. 1861)
1861 - 10 Oct 1874 Ritova (d. 1875)
Rewa
Rulers (styled Tui Dreketi)
1825 - 1839 Roko Tabaivalu (d. 1839)
1839 Koroitamana (d. 1839)
1839 - 2 Oct 1839 Bativuaka (d. 1839)
1839 Macanavai (d. 1839)
1839 - 1841 Cokanauto (1st time) (b. c.1810 - d. 1851)
- jointly with -
1839 - 1840 Qaraniqio (1st time) (d. 1855)
- jointly with -
1839 - 1846 Banuve (d. 1846)
1846 - 1851 Cokanauto (2nd time) (s.a.)
1851 - 26 Jan 1855 Qaraniqio (2nd time) (s.a.)
1855 - 18.. Vacant
18.. - 10 Oct 1874 B.V. Rabici
Confederacy of Independent Kingdoms of Viti
8 May 1865 - 2 May 1867
President of the General Assembly
8 May 1865 - 2 May 1867 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
Kingdom of Bau
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King
2 May 1867 - 1869 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
Confederation of Lau
1869 - 1871
Chieftains Supreme
13 Feb 1867 - 1869 Qoleanavanua (d. 1879)
1869 - 1871 Enele Ma'afu'otu'itoga (b. 1816 - d. 1881)
Kingdom of Viti (Fiji)
King
5 Jun 1871 - 10 Oct 1874 Seru Epenisa Cakobau (s.a.)
Premiers
5 Jun 1871 - 18 May 1872 Sydney Charles Burt (b. 1831 - d. 1892)
18 May 1872 - 3 Mar 1874 George Austin Woods (b. 1828 - d. 1905)
3 Mar 1874 - 10 Oct 1874 John Bates Thurston (acting) (b. 1836 - d. 1897)
Fiji
Governors (4 Feb 1878 - 3 Jul 1952 also High Commissioners of the Western Pacific)
10 Oct 1874 - 1 Sep 1875 Sir Hercules George Robert (b. 1824 - d. 1897)
Robinson (provisional)
14 Oct 1874 - 1 Sep 1875 Edgar Leopold Layard (acting) (b. 1824 - d. 1900)
(administrator of the government)
1 Sep 1875 - 26 Jun 1878 Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
(1st time)(arrived 26 Jun 1875)
26 Jun 1878 - 10 Sep 1879 George William Des Voeux (1st time)(b. 1834 - d. 1909)
(acting)
26 Jun 1878 - 10 Sep 1879 John Gorrie (b. 1829 - d. 1892)
(acting high commissioner)
10 Sep 1879 - Jan 1880 Sir Arthur Hamilton Gordon (b. 1829 - d. 1912)
(2nd time)
Jan 1880 - 20 Dec 1880 John Bates Thurston (1st time) (b. 1836 - d. 1897)
(acting)
20 Dec 1880 - 21 Jan 1885 George William Des Voeux (2nd time)(s.a.)
(from 24 May 1883, Sir William Des Voeux)
21 Jan 1885 - 2 Jan 1887 John Bates Thurston (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
2 Jan 1887 - Feb 1888 Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (b. 1836 - d. 1899)
27 Feb 1888 - Mar 1895 Sir John Bates Thurston (3rd time) (s.a.)
Mar 1895 - Jun 1896 Henry Spencer Hardtman Berkeley (b. 1851 - d. 1918)
(1st time)(acting)
Jun 1896 - 7 Feb 1897 Sir John Bates Thurston (4th time) (s.a.)
30 Jan 1897 - 9 Jul 1897 Sir Henry Spencer Hardtman Berkeley(s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
10 Jul 1897 - 18 Jul 1901 Sir George Thomas Michael O'Brien (b. 1844 - d. 1906)
18 Jul 1901 - 9 Sep 1902 William Lamond Allardyce (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
10 Sep 1902 - 23 Mar 1904 Sir Henry Moore Jackson (b. 1849 - d. 1908)
23 Mar 1904 - 21 Jun 1904 Charles Henry Major (1st time) (b. 1860 - d. 1933)
(acting)
21 Jun 1904 - 29 Oct 1908 Everard Ferdinand im Thurn (b. 1852 - d. 1932)
(from 30 Jun 1905, Sir Everard im Thurn)
(1st time)
29 Oct 1908 - Aug 1909 Charles Henry Major (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
Aug 1909 - Aug 1910 Sir Everard Ferdinand im Thurn (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Aug 1910 - 21 Feb 1911 Charles Henry Major (3rd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
21 Feb 1911 - Jun 1912 Sir Francis Henry May (b. 1860 - d. 1922)
Jun 1912 - 25 Jul 1912 Sir Charles Henry Major (4th time) (s.a.)
(acting)
25 Jul 1912 - 13 Aug 1915 Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott (b. 1857 - d. 1941)
(1st time)
13 Aug 1915 - 24 May 1916 Sir Eyre Hutson (1st time)(acting) (b. 1864 - d. 1936)
24 May 1916 - 19 Jun 1918 Sir Ernest Bickham Sweet-Escott (s.a.)
(2nd time)
19 Jun 1918 - 9 Oct 1918 Sir Eyre Hutson (2nd time)(acting) (s.a.)
10 Oct 1918 - 25 Apr 1925 Cecil Hunter-Rodwell (b. 1874 - d. 1953)
(from 3 Jun 1919, Sir Cecil Hunter-Rodwell)
Jan 1919 - 1919 Sir Eyre Hutson (s.a.)
(acting for Hunter Rodwell)
25 Apr 1925 - 18 Apr 1929 Sir Eyre Hutson (3rd time) (s.a.)
18 Apr 1929 - 22 Nov 1929 Alfred Wallace Seymour (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1960)
22 Nov 1929 - 1 May 1936 Sir Arthur George Murchinson (b. 1878 - d. 1954)
Fletcher
1 May 1936 - 28 Nov 1936 Cecil James Juxton Talbot Barton (b. 1891 - d. 1980)
(1st time)(acting)
28 Nov 1936 - 22 Jul 1938 Sir Arthur Frederick Richards (b. 1885 - d. 1978)
22 Jul 1938 - 16 Sep 1938 Cecil James Juxton Talbot Barton (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting)
16 Sep 1938 - 21 Jul 1942 Sir Harry Charles Luke (b. 1884 - d. 1969)
21 Jul 1942 - 12 Jan 1944 Sir Philip Euen Mitchell (b. 1890 - d. 1964)
12 Jan 1944 - 4 May 1944 John Dalzell Rankine(1st time) (b. 1907 - d. 1987)
(acting)
4 May 1944 - 23 Oct 1944 John Ferns Nicoll (1st time) (b. 1899 - d. 1981)
(acting)
23 Oct 1944 - 1 Jan 1945 John Dalzell Rankine (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
1 Jan 1945 - 21 Mar 1947 Alexander William George Herder (b. 1899 - d. 1978)
Grantham (from 14 Jun 1945, Sir
Alexander William George Herder Grantham)
21 Mar 1947 - 8 Oct 1947 John Ferns Nicoll (2nd time) (s.a.)
(acting)
8 Oct 1947 - 6 Oct 1952 Sir Leslie Brian Freeston (b. 1892 - d. 1958)
6 Oct 1952 - 28 Oct 1958 Sir Ronald Herbert Garvey (b. 1903 - d. 1991)
28 Oct 1958 - 6 Jan 1964 Sir Kenneth Phipson Maddocks (b. 1907 - d. 2001)
6 Jan 1964 - 15 Nov 1968 Sir Francis Derek Jakeway (b. 1915 - d. 1993)
15 Nov 1968 - 20 Dec 1968 George Peter Lloyd (acting) (b. 1926 - d. 2007)
20 Dec 1968 - 10 Oct 1970 Sir Robert Sidney Foster (b. 1913 - d. 2005)
Queen�
10 Oct 1970 - 6 Oct 1987 the Queen of the United Kingdom
Governors-General and Commanders-in-Chief of Fiji
(representing the British monarch as head of state)
10 Oct 1970 - 13 Jan 1973 Sir Robert Sidney Foster (s.a.)
13 Jan 1973 - 12 Feb 1983 Ratu Sir George Kadavulevu Cakobau,(b. 1912 - d. 1989)
Vunivalu Bau, Tui Levuka
12 Feb 1983 - 6 Oct 1987 Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau (b. 1918 - d. 1993)
(resigned 15 Oct 1987)
Commander and Head of the Interim Military Government of Fiji
25 Sep 1987 - 9 Oct 1987 Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (b. 1948) Mil
Commander and Head of the Fiji Military Government
9 Oct 1987 - 5 Dec 1987 Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (s.a.) Mil
President and Commander-in-Chief of the Republic of Fiji
5 Dec 1987 - 25 Jul 1990 Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau (s.a.) Non-party
(from Apr 1988, Tui Cakau)
President of the Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji and
Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
25 Jul 1990 - 16 Dec 1993 Ratu Sir Penaia Kanatabatu Ganilau,(s.a.) Non-party
Tui Cakau
Presidents
16 Dec 1993 - 29 May 2000 Ratu Sir Kamisese Kapiawai (b. 1920 - d. 2004) Non-party
Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau,
Tui Lau (acting to 18 Jan 1994)
19 May 2000 - 20 May 2000 Ilikini Naitini (= George Speight) (b. 1957) Non-party
("taking over executive power", in rebellion)
20 May 2000 - 13 Jul 2000 Ratu Jope Naucabalavu Seniloli, (b. 1939 - d. 2015) Non-party
Turaga Taukei Naua
(interim, in rebellion)
Commander and Head of the Interim Military Government of Fiji
29 May 2000 - 4 Jul 2000 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (b. 1954) Mil
Bainimarama
Commander and Head of Government of Fiji 4 Jul 2000 - 18 Jul 2000 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (s.a.) Mil
Bainimarama (1st time)
President
18 Jul 2000 - 5 Dec 2006 Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu "Iloilo" (b. 1920 - d. 2011) Non-party
Uluivuda, Tui Vuda (1st time)
(acting 1 - 15 Mar 2001)
Commander and Head of the Interim Military Government
5 Dec 2006 - 6 Dec 2006 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (s.a.) Mil
Bainimarama
P resident of the Republic of the Fiji Islands and Commander
of the Republic of Fiji Military Forces
6 Dec 2006 - 4 Jan 2007 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (s.a.) Mil
Bainimarama (2nd time)
Presidents
4 Jan 2007 - 8 Aug 2009 Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu "Iloilo" (s.a.) Non-party
Uluivuda, Tui Vuda (2nd time)
30 Jul 2009 - 12 Nov 2015 Ratu Epeli Nailatikau (b. 1941) Non-party
(acting [for Iloilovatu to 8 Aug 2009] to 5 Nov 2009)
12 Nov 2015 - 12 Nov 2021 Jioji Konousi Konrote (b. 1947) FFP
12 Nov 2021 - 12 Nov 2024 Ratu Wiliame Maivalili Katonivere (b. 1964) FFP
12 Nov 2024 - Ratu Naiqama Tawake Lalabalavu (b. 1953) PA
Leader of Government Business
1963 - 20 Sep 1967 Ratu Kamisese Kapiawai (s.a.) AP;1966 FAP
Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau, Tui Lau
Chief minister
20 Sep 1967 - 10 Oct 1970 Ratu Kamisese Kapiawai (s.a.) FAP
Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau, Tui Lau
(from 1 Jan 1969, Ratu Sir Kamisese Kapiawai Tuimacilai Mara)
Prime ministers
10 Oct 1970 - 13 Apr 1987 Ratu Sir Kamisese Kapaiwai (s.a.) FAP
Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau,
Tui Lau (1st time)
13 Apr 1987 - 14 May 1987 Timoci Uluivuda Bavadra (b. 1934 - d. 1989) FLP
14 May 1987 - 5 Dec 1987 Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (s.a.) Mil
(1st time)
5 Dec 1987 - 2 Jun 1992 Ratu Sir Kamisese Kapaiwai (s.a.) Non-party
Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau,
Tui Lau (2nd time)
2 Jun 1992 - 19 May 1999 Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (s.a.) FPP-SVT
(2nd time)
19 May 1999 - 27 May 2000 Mahendra Pal Chaudhry (b. 1942) FLP
(hostage of Speight from 19 May 2000)
20 May 2000 - 9 Jul 2000 Ilikini Naitini2 (= George Speight)(s.a.) Non-party
(in rebellion)
27 May 2000 (minutes) Ratu Tevita Momoedonu (1st time) (b. 1946 - d. 2020) FLP
(acting for Chaudhry)
27 May 2000 - 4 Jul 2000 Vacant
4 Jul 2000 - 14 Mar 2001 Laisenia Qarase (1st time)(interim)(b. 1941 - d. 2020) Non-party
14 Mar 2001 - 16 Mar 2001 Ratu Tevita Momoedonu (2nd time) (s.a.) FLP
16 Mar 2001 - 5 Dec 2006 Laisenia Qarase (2nd time) (s.a.) FUP-SDL
(interim to 10 Sep 2001)
6 Dec 2006 - 5 Jan 2007 Jona Senilagakali (interim) (b. 1929 - d. 2011) Non-party
5 Jan 2007 - 9 Apr 2009 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (s.a.) Mil
Bainimarama (1st time) (interim)
9 Apr 2009 - 11 Apr 2009 Vacant
11 Apr 2009 - 24 Dec 2022 Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" (s.a.) Mil;2014 Ind;
Bainimarama (2nd time) May 2014: FFP
(interim to 22 Sep 2014)
(medically absent 9? Jan-1 Mar 2022)
9? Jan 2022 - 15 Jan 2022 Inia Batikoto Seruiratu FFP
(acting for absent Bainimarama)
15 Jan 2022 - 1 Mar 2022 Aiyaz Sayed-Khaiyum (b. 1965) FFP
(acting for absent Bainimarama)
24 Dec 2022 - Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka (s.a.) PA
(3rd time)
�Full style:
(a) 10 Oct 1970 - 27 Nov 1970: "By the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith";
(b) 27 Nov 1970 - 6 Oct 1987 (deposed on that date, resigned 15 Oct 1987): "By the Grace of God, Queen of Fiji and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth."
2From 19 May 2000 to 9 Jul 2000 Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry (s.a.) was taken hostage
inside the parliament building in a coup orchestrated by Ilikini Naitini, alias George Speight, (s.a.). Speight declared himself 'taking over executive power' 19-20 May 2000 and named Ratu Timoci Silatolu (s.a.) as an interim prime minister on 19 May 2000. Speight then installed Ratu Jope Naucabalavu Seniloli (s.a.) as interim President on 20 May to 13 Jul 2000 and was in turn appointed by Silatolu as prime minister on the same day. On 27 May 2000 the legal President, Ratu Kamisese Kapiawai Tuimacilai Mara, Tui Nayau, Tui Lau (s.a.), appointed Ratu Tevita Momoedonu (s.a.) as acting prime minister; as instructed, Momoedonu dismissed all ministers and immediately resigned to enable Mara to obtain complete executive authority. Commodore Ratu Josaia Voreqe "Frank" Bainimarama (s.a.), dismissed Mara and assumed power himself as Head of the Interim Military Government on 29 May 2000. The Court of Appeal on 1 Mar 2001 upheld the ruling of the High Court of 15 Nov 2000 that the 1997 Constitution was still in place and that there was no evidence of resignation of Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara until 15 Dec 2000, which was recognized as effective date for the end of his term as President. As Vice President at the time of effective resignation, Ratu Josefa Iloilovatu (Iloilo)Uluivuda, Tui Vuda (s.a.) was authorized to exercise the functions of President until 15 Mar 2001 in accordance with the Constitution.
**International Dispute: Fiji does not recognize Tonga's 1972 claim to the Minerva Reefs and their surrounding waters; the Minerva Reefs' 200-mile exclusive economic zone includes valuable fishing grounds.
Party abbreviations: FLP = Fijian Labour Party (mainly ethnic Indian, social-democratic, est.1985); PA = People's Alliance (center-right, split from Social Democratic Liberal Party, est.12 Aug 2021); Ind= Independent; Mil = Military;
- Former parties: AP = Alliance Party (conservative, multiracial, 1963-12 Mar 1966, merged into FAP); FAP = Fijian Alliance Party (center-right, mainly ethnic Fijian, representing Europeans, part-Fijians, and Asians, 12 Mar 1966-1987); FFP = FijiFirst Party (centrist, populist, liberal, civic nationalist, Bainimarama personalist, 30 May 2014 - 1 Jul 2024); FPP-SVT = Fijian Political Party/Soqosoqo ni Vakavulewa ni Taukei (center-right, mainly ethnic Fijian, 1990-2006); FUP-SDL = Fijian United Party/Soqosoqo Duavata ni Lewenivanua (conservative, mainly ethnic Fijian, 2001-Jan 2013)
Rotuma
Secessionist Flag
Oct 1987 - May 1988
Map of Rotuma | Capital: Ahau (chief town: Motusa) | Local Holiday: 13 May (1881) Rotuma Day | Population: 1,594 (2017) |
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8 Aug 1791 First sighted by British Capt. Edward Edwards aboard
the H.M.S. Pandora and named Grenville Island.
14 Nov 1879 Following conflict between Protestant Wesleyans, ministered by an
English missionary, and Catholics, ministered to by a French
priest, chiefs of Rotuma request cession to U.K.
13 May 1881 Rotuma (then spelled Rotumah) ceded to U.K., part of Fiji colony.
23 Jul 1970 Part of independent Fiji.
Oct 1987 - May 1988 Secessionist agitation by Henry Gibson ("Republic of Rotuma").
Head chiefs (styled fakpure)
.... - .... Raho
.... - .... Tokaniua
.... - .... Fuge
.... - .... Kaurfonua
.... - .... Safoak
.... - .... Savoiat
.... - .... Olil
.... - .... Fer
.... - .... Tuipurotu
.... - .... Tokaniua
.... - .... Tuitafaga
.... - .... Irava
c.1829 Konao
c.1838 Solovalu
c.1839 Riamkau
c.1852 Kausiliafe
c.1858 Riamkau
c.1862 Malafu
Spiritual chiefs (styled mua)
.... - .... Lapatemasui
.... - .... Tuitupu
.... - .... Saparere
.... - .... Mameata
.... - .... Muatoirere
.... - .... Ipiuri
.... - .... Ifituga
.... - .... Fisaitu
.... - .... Niua
.... - .... Saurotuma
.... - .... Tafaki
.... - .... Muamea
.... - .... Tukumasui
Spiritual chiefs (styled sau)
.... - .... Sauhani
.... - .... Kaurifanua
.... - .... Riamkau
.... - .... Kaufose
.... - .... Taio
.... - .... Fonomanu
.... - .... Varomua
.... - .... Tiu
.... - .... Marafu-Kauat
.... - .... Irava
.... - .... Tokoara
.... - .... Asesekava
.... - .... Mariseu
.... - .... Sakanane
.... - .... Tausia
.... - .... Sautupuak
.... - .... Paka
.... - .... Ravak
.... - .... Tokoniua
.... - .... Titofag
.... - .... Irava
.... - .... Ravak
.... - .... Tua-Oajo
c.1820 Gagafag
c.1825 Fatafesi
c.1829 Fatenefau
c.1833 Vuna
c.1838 Fatafesi
c.1838 Tamanava
c.1839 Solovalu
c.1839 Riamkau
c.1839 Tirasoko
c.1840 Otorovao
c.1841 Ragafua
c.1843 Vaurasi
c.1843 Vavaoti
c.1845 Ufat
c.1845 Patipat vavahina
c.1845 Furisefaua
c.1845 Tirotorava
c.1846 Marafu
c.1846 Pogisemose
c.1846 Tarupea
c.1846 Sukamaso
c.1847 Mua
c.1847 Kausirafe
c.1847 Toporotu
c.1848 Tokaniua
c.1849 Garagasau
c.1850 Fakarufono
c.1850 Matagatage
c.1851 Manava
c.1851 Sokagatau
c.1851 Vavaoti
c.1851 Tavao
c.1852 Vaimanoko
c.1852 Katoagatau
c.1854 Kautane
c.1855 Fonogarotoi
c.1856 Tiporotu
c.1857 Fonmanu
c.1858 Tiu
c.1858 Sarsartau
c.1859 Taipo
c.1859 Kauika
c.1860 Faoriro
c.1860 Farapapau
c.1860 Saurorota
c.1860 Ufamarata
c.1862 Sarasortau
c.1862 Teau
c.1864 Ufagatau
c.1865 Kavasakamua
c.1865 Saurativa
c.1865 Fotoafuru
c.1865 Fonomanu
c.1866 Jimi
c.1866 Varea
c.1866 Ravak
c.1866 Maraa
c.1867 Fonomanu
c.1867 Vasea
c.1867 Tavo
c.1867 Sokagaitu
c.1868 Ragafua
c.1868 Irava
c.1868 Hanifiro-Asoatemuri
c.1868 Tuipenau
c.1869 Tigarea
c.1869 Vasea
c.1869 Maraia
c.1869 - 1870 Suakamasa
British Deputy Commissioners in Rotuma
11 Nov 1879 - 21 Jun 1880 Arthur John Lewis Gordon (acting) (b. 1847 - d. 1918)
Jun 1880 - 13 Sep 1880 Francis Peel Murray (b. 18.. - d. 1915)
17 Sep 1880 - 15 Jan 1881 Hugh Hastings Romilly (b. 1856 - d. 1892)
Jan 1881 - 1881 William Lamond Allardyce (acting) (b. 1861 - d. 1930)
Resident Commissioners
May 1881 - May 1882 Sir Charles Bullen Hugh Mitchell (b. 1836 - d. 1899)
May 1882 - Jul 1884 William M. Gordon
1884 - 1889 Alexander Robert Mackay (b. 1855 - d. 1896)
1889 - 1891 Francis Bernard Dudley Fuller (b. 1866 - d. 1944)
1891 - 1901 Henry Ewbank Leefe (b. 1851 - d. 1901)
(acting to 13 Jul 1892)
1901 - 1902 John Hill
24 Apr 1902 - 1908 Hugh MacDonald (1st time) (d. 1958)
Mar 1908 - May 1909 John Halley (acting) (b. 1873 - d. 19..)
1909 - 1913 Hugh MacDonald (2nd time) (s.a.)
1913 - 1914 William Millar Ramsay (b. 1876 - d. 19..)
1914 Arthur Alban Wright (acting) (b. 1887 - d. 1967)
1914 - 1916 Hugh MacDonald (3rd time) (s.a.)
1915 John Farrington (d. 1916)
(acting for MacDonald)
1916 - 1918 J.S. Neil (acting)
1918 A.E.S. Howard (acting)
1918 - 1920 Hugh MacDonald (4th time) (s.a.)
Dec 1920 - Jan 1921 Robert Cyril Gerard Durant (b. 1884 - d. 19..)
Higginson (acting)
10 Jan 1921 - 4 Jul 1921 W.G. Cornish (acting)
1921 - Dec 1923 Hugh MacDonald (5th time) (s.a.)
Jan 1924 - 1924 William King Carew (1st time) (b. 1872 - d. 1956)
1924 - 1926 William Desmond Carew (b. 1899 - d. 1981)
1926 - 1928 William East Russell (acting)
1928 - 1929 William King Carew (2nd time) (s.a.)
1929 - 1930 Cyril John Austin (acting) (b. 1900 - d. ....)
1930 - 1932 William King Carew (3rd time) (s.a.)
1932 - 1933 Charles A. Caldwell (acting) (d. 1949)
1933 William B. Burrows (acting) (b. 1883 - d. 19..)1933 - 1934 J. McLeod (acting)
1934 Kenneth James Allardyce (acting) (b. 1881 - d. 1937)
1934 - 1935 William King Carew (4th time) (s.a.)
1935 Alfred Ernest Cornish (acting) (b. 1899 - d. 1965)
District Officers
1935 - 1940 Alfred Ernest Cornish (1st time) (s.a.)
1940 - 1943 Hector Gordon Robert "Mac" McAlpine(b. 1909 - d. 1981)
1943 - 1944 Humphrey Silvester Evans (1st time)(b. 1890 - d. 1965)
1944 Alfred Ernest Cornish (2nd time) (s.a.)
1944 - 1945 F.G. Forster
1945 - 1946 Josefa Rigamoto (1st time) (b. 1907 - d. 2000)
1946 - 1947 William Wainiqolo
1947 - 1949 Josefa Rigamoto (2nd time) (s.a.)
1949 - 1950 Fred Ieli (1st time) (d. ....)
1950 - Jan 1952 Humphrey Silvester Evans (2nd time)(s.a.)
1952 William John Eric Eason (b. 1904 - d. 1981)
1952 - 1953 W.V.C. Baker
1953 - 1955 Fred Ieli (2nd time) (s.a.)
1955 Ratu W.G. Bose
1955 - 1960 Fred Ieli (3rd time) (s.a.)
1960 Paul Manueli (b. 1934 - d. 2019)
1960 - 1964Fred Ieli (4th time) (s.a.)
1964 Aubrey Laurence Parke (b. 1925 - d. 2007)
1964 - 1966 Josefa Rigamoto (3rd time) (s.a.)
1966 Atalifo Marorue Konrote (1st time) (b. 1909 - d. 1988)
1966 - 1968 Fred Gibson (1st time)
1968 Atalifo Marorue Konrote (2nd time) (s.a.)
1968 - 1970 Fred Gibson (2nd time)
� Ben Cahoon