Togo (original) (raw)
Togo
| Map of Togo | Hear National Anthem "Salut � toi, pays de nos a�eux" (Hail to thee, land of our forefathers) Adopted 1960-1979, Apr 1991 | Former National Anthem (Nov 1979 - Apr 1991) | Constitution (14 Oct 1992 as updated 19 Apr 2024; in French) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Capital: Lom� (An�ho 1886-1897; Bagida 1884-1886) | Currency:Communaut� Financi�re Africaine Franc (XOF) | National Holiday: 27 Apr (1960) F�te de l'ind�pendance au Togo (Independence Day) | Population: 8,608,444 (2019) 760,000 (1937) |
| GDP: 12.97billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:12.97 billion (2017) | Exports: 12.97billion(2017)∣∗∗Exports∗∗:1.05 billion (2017) Imports: $1.99 billion (2017) | Ethnic groups: Adja-Ewe/Mina 42.4%, Kabye/Tem 25.9%, Para-Gourma/Akan 17.1%, Akposso/Akebu 4.1%, Ana-Ife 3.2%, other Togolese 1.7%, foreigners 5.2%, no response 0.4% (2013/14) | |
| Total Active Armed Forces: 8,550 (2010) Merchant marine: 405 ships (2019) | Religions: Christian 43.7%, folk 35.6%, Muslim 14%, Hindu 0.1%, Buddhist 0.1%, other 0.3%, none 6.2% (2010) | ||
| International Organizations/Treaties: ABEDA, ACP, AfCFTA, AfDB, AIIB, APM, AU, BCEAO, BTWC, C, CCM, CEN-SAD,CTBT, CWC, ECOWAS, EITI, ESCR, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, ICSID, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, IRENA, ISA, ISESCO, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, NPT, NTBT, OAS (observer), OIC, OIF, OPCW, OST, PCA, UN, UNCLOS, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFCC, UNFCC-PA, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
| Togo Index | Chronology 5 Jul 1884 Togoland a German protectorate (Schutzgebiet Togo) (subordinated to Kamerun to 1891). 12 Aug 1914 British and French occupy Lom�. 26 Aug 1914 British and French occupation of the German protectorate of Togoland (Anglo-French condominium). 27 Aug 1914 German administration surrenders. 27 Dec 1916 Partitioned into French and British zones (Occupied Territories of Former Togo). 20 Jul 1922 League of Nations mandates, British and French Togolands (Territory of Togo under the mandate of France). 1 Jan 1935 - 1937 French Togo administratively combined with Dahomey (seeBenin). 16 Jun 1940 - 23 Nov 1942 French Togo administration loyal to Vichy France (from 23 Nov 1942 [under Darlan to 24 Dec 1942], Free French). Jul 1942 Territory of Togo 13 Dec 1946 - 27 Apr 1960 United Nations trust territories - French Togo Associated Territory (and British Togoland to 6 Mar 1957). 30 Aug 1956 Autonomous Republic of Togo (R�publique Autonome du Togo), granted autonomy. 27 Feb 1958 Republic of Togo (R�publique du Togo). 27 Apr 1960 Independence from France. 27 Apr 1960 Togolese Republic (R�publique Togolaise)(polity style formalized by the 17 Apr 1961 Constitution). |
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| Togo (since 1960) | |
| Traditional states | |
| German Togoland (1884-1914) | |
| British Togoland (1916-1956) | |
| French Togo (1914-1960) | |
| Historical Maps of Togo | |
German Togoland
| Map of German Togoland | Capital: Lome (Sebbe [Z�b�] 1886-1897; Bagida 1884-1886) | Population: 1,000,000 (1912) (400 Europeans) |
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Kaiserlicher Kommissare f�r Togo
5 Jul 1884 - Mar 1885 Julius Freiherr von Soden (b. 1846 - d. 1921)
(oberkommissar der deutschen Kolonie Togo)
6 Jul 1884 - 26 Jun 1885 Heinrich Randad (b. 1855 - d. 1938)
(provisional consul to 5 Sep 1884 then Kaiserlichen Konsul)
26 Jun 1885 - May 1887 Ernst Falkenthal (b. 1858 - d. 1911)
Jul 1887 - 17 Oct 1888 Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer (b. 1855 - d. 1917)
(1st time) (acting)
17 Oct 1888 - 14 Apr 1891 Eugen von Zimmerer (b. 1843 - d. 1918)
14 Apr 1891 - 4 Jun 1892Markus Graf von Pfeil und Klein- (b. 1860 - d. 1920)
Ellguth (acting)
4 Jun 1892 - 17 Nov 1893 Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer (s.a.)
(2nd time)
Landeshauptleute
17 Nov 1893 - 13 Aug 1895 Jesko Albert Eugen von Puttkamer (s.a.)
18 Nov 1895 - 18 Apr 1898 August Walter K�hler (b. 1858 - d. 1902)
Governors
18 Apr 1898 - 20 Jan 1902 August Walter K�hler (s.a.)
20 Jan 1902 - 27 Jul 1905 Waldemar Horn (b. 1864 - d. 1945)
(acting to 1 Dec 1902)
27 Jul 1905 - 7 Nov 1910 Johann Nepomuk Felix Julius Graf (b. 1868 - d. 1914)
von Zech auf Neuhofen
7 Nov 1910 - 19 Jun 1912 Edmund Br�ckner (b. 1871 - d. 1935)
(acting to 31 Mar 1911)
22 Jul 1912 - 27 Aug 1914 Adolf Friedrich Albrecht Heinrich,(b. 1873 - d. 1969)
Herzog zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin
(on leave from May 1914)
May 1914 - 27 Aug 1914 Hans-Georg Wilhelm von Doering (b. 1866 - d. 1921)
(acting for Herzog zu Mecklenburg-Schwerin)
French Military Administrator
26 Aug 1914 - 4 Sep 1916 Gaston L�opold Joseph Fourn (b. 1868 - d. 1952)
British Togoland: see under Ghana
Togo
1 Jan 1935 - 1937 Administratively combined with Dahomey (see Benin).
30 Aug 1956 Autonomous Republic of Togo.
5 Mar 1958 Republic of Togo
27 Apr 1960 Togolese Republic
Commissioners (administrators-superior1 Jan 1935-1937)
4 Sep 1916 - 27 Apr 1917 Gaston L�opold Joseph Fourn (b. 1868 - d. 1952)
27 Apr 1917 - 31 Jan 1922 Alfred Louis Woelffel (b. 1873 - d. 1929)
30 Nov 1920 - 1921 Pierre Benjamin Victor Sasias (b. 1867 - d. 19..)
(1st time)(acting for Woelffel)
26 Jan 1922 - 31 Jan 1922 Pierre Benjamin Victor Sasias (s.a.)
(2nd time)(acting for Woelffel)
31 Jan 1922 - 27 Dec 1931 Paul Auguste Fran�ois Bonnecarr�re (b. 1875 - d. 1966)
(acting to 22 Dec 1922)
27 Dec 1931 - 18 Oct 1933 Robert Paul Marie de Guise (b. 1872 - d. 1940)
18 Oct 1933 - 7 May 1934 L�on Charles Adolphe P�tre (b. 1881 - d. 1956)
(acting)
7 May 1934 - 1 Jan 1935 Maurice L�on Bourgine (b. 1879 - d. 1963)
1 Jan 1935 - 25 Sep 1936 L�on Geismar (b. 1895 - d. 1944)
25 Sep 1936 - 1 Jan 1941 Michel Lucien Montagn� (b. 1886 - d. 1942)
1 Jan 1941 - 19 Nov 1941 L�once Joseph Delpech (b. 1886 - d. 1954)
(acting to 28 Aug 1941)
19 Nov 1941 - 12 Apr 1942 Jean-Fran�ois de Saint-Alary (b. 1888 - d. 1970)
12 Apr 1942 - 31 Aug 1943 Pierre Jean Andr� Saliceti (b. 1893 - d. 1946)
31 Aug 1943 - 10 Jan 1944 Albert Mercadier (acting) (b. 1897 - d. 1979)
10 Jan 1944 - 8 Mar 1948 Jean Noutary (b. 1896 - d. 1962)
(acting to 4 Nov 1944)
8 Mar 1948 - 20 Sep 1951 Jean Marie Ars�ne C�dile (b. 1908 - d. 1984)
20 Sep 1951 - 25 Apr 1952 Yves Jean Digo (b. 1897 - d. 1974)
25 Apr 1952 - 3 Feb 1955 Laurent Elys�e P�choux (b. 1904 - d. 2000)
3 Feb 1955 - 21 Sep 1956 Jean Louis Philippe B�rard (b. 1910 - d. 1999)
(acting to 6 Aug 1955)
High commissioners
21 Sep 1956 - 23 Mar 1957 Jean Louis Philippe B�rard (s.a.)
23 Mar 1957 - 22 Jun 1957 Joseph �douard Georges Marie Rigal (b. 1908 - d. 1980)
(acting)
23 Jun 1957 - 27 Apr 1960 Georges L�on Sp�nale (b. 1913 - d. 1983)
Presidents
27 Apr 1960 - 13 Jan 1963 Sylvanus �piphanio Olympio (b. 1902 - d. 1963) CUT
(Prime minister, Head of State to 25 Apr 1961)
13 Jan 1963 - 15 Jan 1963 Emmanuel Bodjoll� (b. 1928) Mil
(chairman of Military Insurrection Committee)
15 Jan 1963 - 13 Jan 1967 Nicolas Ador Grunitzky (b. 1913 - d. 1969) PTP
(president of provisional government to 10 May 1963)
14 Jan 1967 - 14 Apr 1967 Kl�ber Dadjo (b. 1914 - d. 1979) Mil
(chairman of National Reconciliation Committee)
14 Apr 1967 - 5 Feb 2005 �tienne Gnassingb� Eyad�ma (b. 1937 - d. 2005)Mil;1969 RPT
(from 8 May 1974, Gnassingb� Eyad�ma)
6 Feb 2005 - 25 Feb 2005 Faure Essozimna Gnassingb� (b. 1966) RPT
(1st time)(acting from 21 Feb 2005)
25 Feb 2005 - 4 May 2005 Abass Bonfoh (acting) (b. 1948 - d. 2021) RPT
4 May 2005 - Faure Essozimna Gnassingb� (s.a.) RPT;2012 UNIR
(2nd time)
Prime ministers
10 Sep 1956 - 16 May 1958 Nicolas Ador Grunitzky (s.a.) PTP
16 May 1958 - 25 Apr 1961 Sylvanus �piphanio Olympio (s.a.) CUT
25 Apr 1961 - 27 Aug 1991 Post abolished
27 Aug 1991 - 23 Apr 1994 Joseph Kokou Koffigoh (b. 1948) CFN
23 Apr 1994 - 20 Aug 1996 �douard "Edem" Kodjovi Kodjo (b. 1938 - d. 2020) UTD
(1st time)
20 Aug 1996 - 21 May 1999 Kwassi Klutse (b. 1945 - d. 2024) RPT
21 May 1999 - 31 Aug 2000 Eugene Koffi Adoboli (b. 1934) RPT
31 Aug 2000 - 29 Jun 2002 Agb�yom� Messan Kodjo (b. 1954 - d. 2024) RPT
29 Jun 2002 - 9 Jun 2005 Koffi Sama (b. 1944) RPT
9 Jun 2005 - 20 Sep 2006 �douard "Edem" Kodjovi Kodjo (s.a.) CPP
(2nd time)
20 Sep 2006 - 6 Dec 2007 Yawovi Madji Agboyibo (b. 1943 - d. 2020) CAR
6 Dec 2007 - 8 Sep 2008 Komlan Mally (b. 1960) RPT
8 Sep 2008 - 23 Jul 2012 Gilbert Fossoun Houngbo (b. 1961) Non-party
23 Jul 2012 - 10 Jun 2015 Kwesi Ahoomey-Zunu (b. 1958) CPP;2013 UNIR
10 Jun 2015 - 28 Sep 2020 Komi S�lom Klassou (b. 1960) UNIR
28 Sep 2020 - Victoire Sid�m�ho Dzidudu Tomegah- (b. 1959) UNIR
Dogb� (f)
Territorial Disputes: In 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; talks continue between Benin and Togo on funding the Adjrala hydroelectric dam on the Mona River.
Party abbreviations: CAR = Comit� d'Action pour la Renouveau (Action Committee for Renewal, est.1991); CFN = Coordination des Forces Nouvelles (Coordination of New Forces, pro-democratic coalition, est.1993); CPP = Convergence Patriotique Panafricaine (Patriotic Pan-African Convergence, center-left, est.1999); UFC = l'Union des Forces de Changement (Union of Forces for Change, democratic, anti-Gnassingbe, est.1992); UNIR = Union pour la R�publique (Union for the Republic, replaced RPT, est.2012);Mil = Military;
- Former parties: CUT = Comit� de l'Unit� Togolaise (Committee of Togolese Unity, pro-independence, nationalist, 1962-1963only legal party, 1941-1963, renamed PUT); PTP = Parti Togolais du Progr�s (Togolese Progress Party, 1946-1967); RPT = Rassemblement du Peuple Togolais (Rally of the Togolose People, African nationalist, authoritarian, 1969-19 Apr 1991 only legal party, 1969-2012, then UNIR); UTD = Union Togolaise pour la D�mocratie (Togolese Union for Democracy, pro-democracy, merged into CPP);PU T = Parti de l'Unit� Togolaise (Party of Togolese Unity, former CUT, 1967-1969 only legal party, 1963-1969, renamed RPT)
� Ben Cahoon