44 B.C. - events and references (2) (original) (raw)

Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

The death of Servilius Isauricus, at the age of 90 years.
* Read Dio's account
@ Cic:Fam_16.23'2; +DioCass_45.16'1-2;* Suda_A'3213<q"Aelian:Fr_110>;{ OCD_s.}

{May} Document: Cic:Fam_11.2, a letter from Brutus and Cassius to Antonius.

{May} Document: Cic:Att_14.15-15.8 & Cic:Fam_12.16, letters from Cicero to Atticus and from Trebonius to Cicero.

Document: Cic:Fam_6.16 & 16.23, letters from Cicero to Bithynicus and Tiro.

{1 June} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but then cancels it.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_14.14'4, '6, 22'2, :Fam_11.2'3, #:Phil_1'6, 2'100, #'108-109.*

{2 June} The comitia pass a law, which transfers command of the province of Cisalpine Gaul to Antonius, for a period of 5 years.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Phil_1'19, 2'109, 5'7; [Liv]:Per_117; NicDam_130'120-122; Vell_2.60'5; +Appian:BCiv_3'27-30;* +DioCass_45.9'2-3, 22'3, 25'1-2, 46.23'4-5; { CAH_9'474.}

M.Antonius passes an agrarian law, which appoints seven commissioners, led by his brother Lucius.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_15.19'2, :Phil_5'7-9, '20-21, 6'12-15,* 7'16-17, 12'20, '23, 13'37; DioCass_45.9'1; { CAH_9'474.}

The consuls are authorised to make a decision about land at Buthrotum.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_15.12'1, 14'2-3,* 19'1, 16.16a'4-6, 16b'8, 16c'11, 16d'14, 16f'18.

ETR {7 June} Cicero meets Brutus and Cassius at Antium, after they are offered an appointment as corn commissioners.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_15.9'1, 10'1, #11'1-4,* 12'1; +Appian:BCiv_3'6, '35,(↓) 4'57; { CAH_9'475.}

Cicero declines the offer of an appointment to serve on the staff of Dolabella in Syria.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_15.8'1,* 11'4, 20'1; Plut:Cic_43'2.

{June} Document: Cic:Att_15.9-25 & Cic:Fam_7.21-22, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Trebatius.

{July} Document: Cic:Fam_11.29, a letter from Cicero to Oppius.

{11 July} Cicero decides to travel to Greece.
@ #Cic:Att_16.2'4, :Phil_1'6-7.

ROM {13 July} C.Antonius presides over the Ludi Apollinares, on behalf of M.Brutus.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Att_15.10'1, 11'2, 26'1, 16.2'3, 4'1, 5'1, :Phil_1'36, 2'31, 10'7-8; Plut:Brut_21'3-6;* +Appian:BCiv_3'23-24; DioCass_47.20'2; { CAH_9'475.}

Document: Cic:Att_16.16a-16f, letters from Cicero to Plancus, Capito and Cupiennius about the Buthrotum affair.

Brutus and Cassius issue a manifesto, stating that they wish to be excused from further public duties.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_16.7'1,* :Fam_11.3'3, :Phil_1'8.

Document: Cic:Top_, the "Topica", a rhetorical treatise by Cicero.
@ Cic:Top_1-4, :Fam_7.19'1; { OCD_c.}

EGY {27 Epeiph -E = 26 July} Document: SelPap_1.40A (POxy_1629), a contract between Theon and Apollonius Arbichis at Oxyrhynchus. { This document is dated to the reign of Cleopatra and Ptolemy XIV.}

ROM Octavianus holds the Ludi Victoriae Caesaris, during which a comet appears, and is interpreted as Julius Caesar going up to heaven.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@ Cic:Att_15.2'3, :Fam_11.27'7, 28'6; Prop_3.18'33-34; Ovid:Met_15'848-850; Aug:Fr_12'7; NicDam_130'108-114;* Plin:HN_2'93-94; Suet:Caes_88'1, :Aug_10'1; +DioCass_45.6'4-7'1; Obseq_68; { CAH_9'475.}

{July} Document: Cic:Att_15.26-16.6 & Cic:Fam_7.19-20, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Trebatius.

MOE ?? Burebistas increases the power of the Dacians, by conquering neighbouring tribes.
* Read Strabo's account
@ Strab_7'303,* (3.11) '304,(3.12) '313;(5.2) Trog:Prol_32; { OCD_b.}

NUM Sittius is defeated and killed by Arabio.
@ Appian:BCiv_4'54; { OCD_s.}

SPA Lepidus agrees the terms of a truce with Sex.Pompeius, which is ratified by the senate.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Phil_5'39-41, 13'8-10; +Appian:BCiv_3'4,* '36, '57, 4'84, '94, '96; +DioCass_45.9'4, 10'4, 48.17'1; { OCD_p.}

ILL The Illyrians defeat Baebius, an officer of Vatinius.
@ ~Appian:Ill_13; { DPRR.}

SYR Bassus defeats Murcus, the general sent against him by Caesar.
* Read Appian's account
@ Joseph:BJ_1'217, :AJ_14'270; Appian:BCiv_3'77,* (↓) 4'58;(↓) { DPRR.}

ROM {1 August} Piso criticises Antonius at a meeting of the senate.
* Read Cicero's account
@ #Cic:Att_16.7'5, '7, :Fam_12.2'1, #:Phil_1'10, '14-15,* 5'19; { CAH_9'476.}

96a

SIC {1 August} Cicero arrives at Syracuse.
@ #Cic:Phil_1'7.

ROM {4 August} Document: Cic:Fam_11.3, a letter from Brutus and Cassius to Antonius.

ITA Cicero decides to return home, after being driven back by contrary winds to Leucopetra, near Rhegium.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_16.7'1-2, :Fam_10.1'1, 11.29'1, 12.25'3, :Phil_1'7-9;* Plut:Cic_43'3; DioCass_46.3'2.

{17 August} M.Brutus meets Cicero at Velia.
* Read Cicero's account
@ #Cic:Att_16.7'5,* :Phil_1'9, :AdBrut_18'4,(1.10) 23'5.(1.15)

100

{19 August} Document: Cic:Att_16.7, a letter from Cicero to Atticus.

101

GRE Cicero orders his son to stop meeting the rhetorician Gorgias.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Fam_16.21'1-6;* Plut:Cic_24'6.

102

EGY Cleopatra kills her young brother, Ptolemy XIV.
@ Joseph:AJ_15'89, :Ap_2'58; [Euseb]:Chron_167-169;(↓) { OCD_p; for the date, see the notes on Ptolemy XIV by Bennett .}

103

ROM {1 September} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but Cicero decides not to attend.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Phil_1'11-13,* #5'19; Plut:Cic_43'4-5; { CAH_9'477.}

104

{2 September} Cicero makes a speech (the "First Philippic") at another meeting of the senate.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Phil_1'1-38,* 2'6-7, #5'19, :Fam_12.2'1, 20'1, 25'3-4; { OCD_c.}

105

EGY {2 September} Caesarion, the son of Cleopatra, is offically recognised as joint king of Egypt.
@ DioCass_47.31'5; { See the notes on Ptolemy XV by Bennett .}

106

ROM Octavianus visits Cicero and wins some support from him.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Plut:Cic_44'1,* 45'1-2, :Brut_22'4-6, :Ant_16'3; +DioCass_45.15'3-4; [Vict]:VirIll_81'5.

107

ITA Brutus and Cassius leave Italy, without revealing their real destinations.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Fam_12.2'3, :Phil_10'8, 11'28; Nepos:Att_8'5-6; NicDam_130'135; Plut:Brut_23'1-24'1;* Flor_2.17'4; +Appian:BCiv_3'24; { CAH_9'476: OCD_b.}

108

MAC Antonius is given command of the army in Macedonia, and summons it back to Brundisium.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Appian:BCiv_3'24-25,* '37; DioCass_45.20'4, 25'1, 46.24'1-2, 25'1-3.

109

ROM Cicero offends Antonius by speaking in defence of Sicca.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_16.11'1,* :Phil_2'3.

110

{19 September} At a meeting of the senate, Antonius rebukes Cicero in a strongly worded speech.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Fam_10.2'1, #12.2'1, :Phil_2'1, '3, '7, '11, '17-20,* '23, '28, '31, '76, #5'17-20; { CAH_9'477.}

111

Antonius prevents Octavianus from standing for election as tribune.
* Read Appian's account
@ Vell_2.60'3; Plut:Ant_16'5; +Appian:BCiv_3'31;* +DioCass_45.6'1-3; { CAH_9'472.}

112

The soldiers in Rome bring about a reconciliation between Antonius and Octavianus.
* Read Appian's account
@ NicDam_130'115-119; Plut:Ant_16'6; +Appian:BCiv_3'32-39;* +DioCass_45.7'3-8'2.

113

{? 25 September} Document: Cic:Fam_12.2, a letter from Cicero to Cassius.

114

Octavianus is accused of plotting to murder Antonius.
* Read Nicolaus' account
@ Cic:Att_15.13'6, 16.11'5, :Fam_12.23'2; NicDam_130'123-128;* Plut:Ant_16'7-8; Suet:Aug_10'3; +Appian:BCiv_3'39; +DioCass_45.8'3-4; { CAH_9'477.}

115

Document: Cic:Fam_11.2 & 11.6, letters of Cicero to and from D.Brutus.

116

{September} Document: Cic:Fam_10.1-2 & 12.20-22, letters from Cicero to Plancus and Cornificius.

117

{9 October} Antonius leaves Rome to join the legions at Brundisium.
* Read Cicero's account
@ #Cic:Att_15.13'2, :Fam_12.23'2,* :Phil_5'22.

118

Dolabella leaves Italy in order to take over the province of Asia.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Att_15.13'5, :AdBrut_19'1;(1.11) +Appian:BCiv_3'24;* +DioCass_45.15'2, 47.21'3, 29'1; { CAH_9'477.}

119

{October} Document: Cic:Fam_12.3 & 12.23, letters from Cicero to Cassius and Cornificius.

120

Document: Cic:Fam_11.27-28, letters of Cicero to and from Matius.

121

Document: Cic:Att_15.13 & Cic:Fam_16.25, letters from Cicero to Atticus and from M.Cicero Junior to Tiro.

122

GRE Brutus arrives in Athens and begins to gather money and supporters.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ValMax_1.5'7; Plut:Brut_24'1-7;* DioCass_47.20'4.

123

SYR Marcius Crispus, the governor of Bithynia, intervenes in Syria and besieges Bassus.
@ Appian:BCiv_3'77-78,(↓) 4'58;(↓) { DPRR.}

124

ROM Document: Cic:Amic_, Cicero's treatise "De Amicitia" (On Friendship).{ CAH_9'477; Cicero wrote this treatise in between "De Divinatione" and "De Officiis".}

125

Antonius condemns Cn.Seius to death.
@ Gell_3.9'1-4; { before or at the same time as Dolabella left Italy.}

126

Octavianus brings a large number of veterans to Rome, but they refuse to fight against Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Att_16.8'1-2, 11'6, :Fam_11.7'2, :Phil_3'3, 4'3-4, 5'3, '23, '43-46; [Liv]:Per_117; NicDam_130'130-138; Aug:ResGest_1; Vell_2.61'1-2; Tac:Ann_1'10; +Appian:BCiv_3'40-42,* '58; +DioCass_45.12'1-6, 38'3, 55.24'8; { CAH_9'478.}

127

{November} Document: Cic:Att_16.8-15 & Cic:Fam_16.24, letters from Cicero to Atticus and Tiro.

128

Document: Cic:Off_, Cicero's treatise "De Officiis" (On Duties).
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_15.13'6,* 16.11'4, 14'3; { OCD_c.}

129

ITA Two legions desert from Antonius to Octavianus, while marching from Brundisium to Rome.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Att_16.8'2, :Fam_11.7'2, :Phil_3'3-7, '10, 4'4-6, 5'4, '22-23, '42, '52, 12'12, 13'18; [Liv]:Per_117; NicDam_130'129, '139; Vell_2.61'2; Tac:Ann_1'10; +Appian:BCiv_3'43-45,* '52,(↓) '56, '67;(↓) +DioCass_45.13'1-4, 35'3, 38'5; { CAH_9'478.}

130

ROM {24 November} Antonius summons a meeting of the senate, but then postpones it.
@ #Cic:Phil_3'19-20, 5'23, 13'19.

131

{28 November} Antonius holds a hurried meeting of the senate, before going to meet his troops.
@ #Cic:Phil_3'20-25; { CAH_9'478.}

132

Antonius formally leaves Rome, and sets off for Cisalpine Gaul.
* Read Dio's account
@ Cic:Phil_3'1-2, '11, '24, '31, 5'24, 13'20; +Appian:BCiv_3'46; +DioCass_45.13'5,* 20'4.

133

GER Plancus founds a Roman colony at Raurica, on the river Rhine.
@ CIL_10.6087; { Probably after an expedition against the Rhaeti - see DPRR.}

134

MAC Brutus seizes control of Macedonia.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Phil_10'24-26, 11'27; Vell_2.62'2-3; Plut:Brut_25'1-3;* :Mor_694'C; Appian:Ill_13,(↓) :BCiv_5'6; DioCass_47.20'4-21'5; { CAH_9'481.}

135

CIL >> Cassius persuades the inhabitants of Cilicia, including Tarsus, to support him.
@ DioCass_47.26'1-2.

136

ETR Document: Cic:Phil_2, Cicero's "Second Philippic", a passionate invective against Antonius.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Att_15.13'1,* 16.11'1-2, :Phil_2'110; Juvenal_10'120-126; { CAH_9'477.}

137

ROM {9 December} Cicero returns to Rome.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Att_16.15'6,* #:Fam_11.5'1; { CAH_9'479.}

138

Document: Cic:Fam_10.3, a letter from Cicero to Plancus.

139

Octavianus offers to use his legions to fight on behalf of the senate against Antonius.
* Read Appian's account
@ Vell_2.61'3; Tac:Ann_1'10; +Appian:BCiv_3'47-48,* '75, '87; +DioCass_45.14'1-15'3.

140

Omens precede the outbreak of civil war between Antonius, Octavianus and their enemies.
* Read Vergilius' account
@ Verg:Georg_1'466-488;* Plin:HN_2'99; Obseq_68.

141

CIS Decimus Brutus refuses to surrender Cisalpine Gaul to Antonius, and prepares for war.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Fam_11.6'2, 7'3, :Phil_3'8-12, '37, 4'7, 6'8-9, 7'24; { OCD_b.}

142

ROM {20 December} Document: Cic:Phil_3 & 4, two speeches of Cicero, to the Roman senate and people.
* Read Cicero's account
@ #Cic:Fam_11.6'2-3,* 12.22a'3, 25'2, :Phil_5'2-3, '28-30, 6'1-2, 10'23, 14'20; { CAH_9'479.}

143

{December} Document: Cic:Fam_11.5-7 & 12.22a, letters from Cicero to Decimus Brutus and Cornificius.

144

CIS M.Antonius enters Cisalpine Gaul, and starts to besiege Decimus Brutus at Mutina.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Phil_5'24-25, 13'20; [Liv]:Per_117; Flor_2.15'3; +Appian:BCiv_3'49;* Oros_6.18'3; { CAH_9'479.}

145

ROM Document: Cic:Fam_10.4 & 16.26-27, letters from Plancus to Cicero and from Q.Cicero to Tiro.

146

++ As a student, the geographer Strabo is taught by Aristodemus, Tyrannion and Xenarchus.
* Read Appian's account
@ Strab_12'548,* (3.16) 14'650,(1.48) '670,(5.4) 16'757;(2.24) { Strabo probably received much of his education at Rome, which he first visited in 44 B.C.}