88 B.C. - events and references (original) (raw)

Click on the links in the lists of references to go to the sources for each event

AS1 << Mithridates sends Pelopidas on a final embassy to the Romans.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~Appian:Mith_15-16;* DioCass_fr.99'2; { CAH_9'144.}

ITA << The Italians abandon Corfinium, and make Poppaedius their supreme commander.
@ ~Diod_37.2'9.

ETR The Marsi start to sue for peace.
@ ~[Liv]:Per_76.

EGY {16 Phamenoth -E = March} Document: SelPap_2.417 & BD_50, letters from Platon to Nechthyres and the town of Pathyris about a native revolt.

ITA << "Triumph" of Poppaedius after the recapture of Bovianum.
@ +Obseq_56; { OCD_p.}

ROM << Sulla marries Metella, daughter of L.Metellus.
@ Plut:Sull_6'18-22; { CAH_9'167; OCD_scaurus.}

PON << The generals of Mithridates defeat Nicomedes by the river Amneius.
* Read Appian's account
@ Sall:Hist_4.67'11; ~[Liv]:Per_76; Strab_12'562;(3.40) Memn_22'6; Flor_1.40'6; ~Appian:Mith_17-18;* (↓) ~Just_38.3'8, 5'10; Trog:Prol_38; [Vict]:VirIll_76'2; ~Eutrop_5.5'2; Oros_6.2'2; { CAH_9'145.}

ITA ?? Heracleia sends warships to assist the Romans during the Social War.
@ Memn_21'1.

++ The role of Marius, Sulla, and the other leaders of the opposing sides in the Social War.
* Read Velleius' account
@ Vell_2.15'3-16'1;* Plut:Luc_2'1, :Sull_6'3-4, :Mar_33'1-2; Appian:BCiv_4'25.

++ The Social War causes widespread devastation throughout Italy.
* Read Diodorus' account
@ Diod_37.1'1-6;* Plin:HN_2'199; Flor_2.6'11; Just_38.4'13-14; August:DeCiv_3'26, 5'22.

Q.Metellus defeats and kills Poppaedius in Apulia; the end of the Social War.
* Read Appian's account
@ ~Diod_37.2'10; ~[Liv]:Per_76; Appian:BCiv_1'53,* '80; +Obseq_56; [Vict]:VirIll_63'1; +Eutrop_5.3'4; +Oros_5.18'25; { CAH_9'125; OCD_p.}

PON The Romans abandon Bithynia after M'.Aquillius is defeated near Proton Pachion.
* Read Appian's account
@ (?)~Diod_37.26'1; Memn_22'7-8; ~Appian:Mith_19;* ~Just_38.3'8, 4'4; { CAH_9'146.}

ROM Sulla is appointed commander for the war against Mithridates.
* Read Appian's account
@ +Vell_2.18'3; +Plut:Sull_7'1; +Appian:Mith_22,* +:BCiv_1'55; [Vict]:VirIll_75'7; +Eutrop_5.4'2; Exsuper_16; { CAH_9'168.}

The tribune Sulpicius proposes to enrol the Italian allies and freedmen throughout all the Roman tribes.
* Read Appian's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_77; +Ascon_64;L +Plut:Sull_8'1-2; +Appian:BCiv_1'55;* { CAH_9'167-168; OCD_s.}

Marius takes regular exercise to show that he is fit enough to take the command against Mithridates.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Diod_37.29'1; ~Plut:Mar_34'1-6.*

Scaevola discusses the split between Pompeius and Sulpicius.
@ +Cic:Amic_1-3.

The consuls are attacked by a mob of Sulpicius' supporters, who kill the son of Pompeius.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.18'6; +Plut:Sull_8'3-7,* :Mar_35'1-4; +Appian:BCiv_1'56; { CAH_9'169.}

EGY ++ The gross appearance and luxurious lifestyle of Ptolemy X Alexander.
@ Athen_12.550'b<q"Poseidon_26>.

Ptolemy X Alexander is expelled in a popular uprising, and Ptolemy IX returns to Egypt.
* Read Justin's account
@ AET_8.13'H. +FGrH_252'A1; Paus_1.9'3; Just_39.5'1;* Trog:Prol_39; ~[Euseb]:Chron_163-165,(↓) 171; ChronPasc_449'A; +Hieron:Chron_1929; ChronSynt_91; { CAH_9'316; Hölbl_p211; Bennett.}

ITA Sulla leaves Rome to join the Roman army at Nola.
* Read Diodorus' account
@ ~Diod_37.2'13;* +Vell_2.18'4; +Plut:Sull_7'3; +Eutrop_5.4'2; +Oros_5.19'3; { CAH_9'169.}

PAL << Alexander crucifies 800 of his opponents, and forces the remainder into exile.
* Read Josephus' account
@ (?)Qumran_4Q169'1;(Nahum,2.12) Joseph:BJ_1'96-98,* '113, ~:AJ_13'379-383, '410.

PON Mithridates addresses his army before the invasion of Asia.
@ ~Just_38.3'8-8'1.

AS1 Mithridates invades Phrygia and the Roman province of Asia, while the Romans are distracted by civil war.
* Read Appian's account
@ Syll_742.A'4-9; Sall:Hist_4.67'11; +[Liv]:Per_77, 78; Strab_12'562;(3.40) Memn_22'8; Flor_1.40'3-6; ~Appian:Mith_20,* 58, +:BCiv_1'55; ~Just_38.3'8-9; Eutrop_5.5'2; Exsuper_15; +Oros_5.19'1-2, 6.1'29; { CAH_9'146.}

AS1 Document: IAph_8.3, a decree of Aphrodisias authorising immediate aid to be sent to Q.Oppius.
@ IAph_8.2'22-29.

The inhabitants of Laodiceia hand over Q.Oppius to Mithridates.
* Read Appian's account
@ Athen_5.213'a<q"Poseidon_36>;[Liv]:Per_78; Strab_12'578;(8.16) ~Appian:Mith_20'*

The inhabitants of Mytilene hand over M'.Aquillius to Mithridates, who keeps him as a prisoner.
* Read Diodorus' account
@ Cic:LegMan_11; Athen_5.213'b<q"Poseidon_36>;Cic:Scaur_fr's; ~Diod_37.27'1-2;* +Vell_2.18'3; ValMax_9.13'1; Plin:HN_33'48; Plut:Luc_4'2; ~Appian:Mith_21; { Green_560.}

ROM Sulpicius passes a law giving Marius the command against Mithridates.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Phil_8'7; +Vell_2.18'6; ValMax_9.7m'1; +Plut:Sull_8'8,* :Mar_35'5; Flor_2.9'6; +Appian:BCiv_1'56;(↓) Ampel_40'1, 42'1; [Vict]:VirIll_67'4, 75'8; +Eutrop_5.4'2; Exsuper_17-18; +Oros_5.19'3; { CAH_9'169; OCD_s.}

Sulpicius passes a law for the recall of political exiles.
* Read Anon's account
@ [Cic]:RhetHer_2'45;* +[Liv]:Per_77.

ROM Sulpicius passes a law setting a maximum amount for senators' debts.
@ +Plut:Sull_8'4.

ITA Sulla leads his army against his opponents at Rome.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ +ValMax_9.7m'1; +Plut:Sull_9'1-9,* :Mar_35'6; Flor_2.9'6; +Appian:BCiv_1'57; Ampel_42'1; Exsuper_19; August:DeCiv_2'24; Oros_5.19'14; { CAH_9'170; OCD_s.}

ROM Sulla defeats Marius and his supporters inside Rome, near the Esquiline Forum.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Phil_14'23; +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.19'1; ValMax_8.6'2; Plut:Sull_4'7, +9'10-14, :Mar_35'7-12; Flor_2.9'6-7; +Appian:BCiv_1'58,* '80;(↓) [Vict]:VirIll_67'4; +Eutrop_5.4'2; +Oros_5.19'4-5.

AS1 Rutilius escapes from Mytilene to Smyrna.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Balb_28,* :RabPost_27; DioCass_fr.97'4.

ITA Metellus captures Venusia.
@ ~Diod_37.2'10.

The Italians ask Mithridates to help them fight against the Romans.
@ ~Diod_37.2'11.

EGY {28 Mesore = September} Document: SelPap_1.28, concerning the sale of a house at Pathyris.

ROM Sulla and Pompeius introduce a series of reforms at Rome, giving more power to the senate.
* Read Appian's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_77; +Appian:BCiv_1'59,* '73; { CAH_9'172.}

++ Sulpicius is recognised as an outstanding orator.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:HarResp_41,* :Brut_203, 306.

Marius and Sulpicius are outlawed: Marius escapes, but Sulpicius is captured and killed.
* Read Appian's account
@ [Cic]:RhetHer_1'25, 4'31; Cic:Cat_3'24, :DeOr_3'8, '11, :Brut_168, +307; Nepos:Att_2'1-2; +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.19'1; ValMax_3.8'5, 6.5'7; +Plut:Sull_10'1-5; Flor_2.9'8; +Appian:BCiv_1'60;* Ampel_42'1; Exsuper_20; +Oros_5.19'6; { CAH_9'171; OCD_s.}

ETR Marius is discovered hiding in a swamp near Minturnae.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:RedPop_20, :Sest_50, :Pis_43, :Fin_2'105; Sall:Hist_1'21;L +[Liv]:Per_77; Ovid:Pont_4.3'45-48; Seneca:Contr_7.2'6;L Lucan_2'69-75; Plut:Mar_36'1-38'2;* Ampel_42'2; [Vict]:VirIll_67'4; +Oros_5.19'7.

The inhabitants of Minturnae send a Gaul to kill Marius, but he fails to do so.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.19'2-4; ValMax_2.10'6; Seneca:Contr_7.2'6;L Lucan_2'76-88; Plut:Mar_38'3-39'6;* +Appian:BCiv_1'61-62; GranLic_15; [Vict]:VirIll_67'5; +Oros_5.19'7.

Marius is allowed to escape by boat.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Sest_50, :Planc_26; Sall:Hist_1'22;L +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.19'4; ValMax_1.5'5; Plut:Mar_39'7-40'1;* +Appian:BCiv_1'62; GranLic_15-16; [Vict]:VirIll_67'5; August:DeCiv_2'23.(↓)

AS1 Mithridates orders the massacre of Roman citizens in Asia: 80,000 are killed in one day.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:LegMan_7; ~[Liv]:Per_78; +Vell_2.18'1-2; ValMax_9.2e'3; Memn_22'9; Plut:Sull_24'7; Tac:Ann_4'14; Plut:Pomp_37'4; Flor_1.40'7-8; +Appian:Mith_22-23,* 58, 62; ~DioCass_fr.101'1, 109'8; August:DeCiv_3'22; Oros_6.2'2-3; { CAH_9'148; Green_561.}

AEG The inhabitants of Cos surrender Alexander, the son of the Egyptian king, to Mithridates.
* Read Appian's account
@ Joseph:AJ_14'112-113<q"Strab>;+Appian:Mith_23,* (↓) 115, 117,(↓) :BCiv_1'102; { CAH_9'316; Green_553.}

The Rhodians defeat a fleet sent by Mithridates.
* Read Appian's account
@ GRA_14965'13-14; ~Diod_37.28'1; ValMax_5.2e'2; Memn_22'8; +Appian:Mith_24-25;* { CAH_9'149.}

The Rhodians force Mithridates to abandon his attack on their island.
* Read Appian's account
@ Cic:Verr_2.2'159; ~[Liv]:Per_78; +Vell_2.18'3; Flor_1.40'8; +Appian:Mith_26-27,* :BCiv_4'67; { CAH_9'150; Green_721.}

AS1 Some Romans in Lydia escape by hiding on floating islands.
@ Plin:HN_2'209.

Mithridates decides to leave the fighting to his generals, and sends Archelaus over to the Greek mainland.
* Read Appian's account
@ Athen_5.213'c<q"Poseidon_36>;Flor_1.40'8; +Appian:Mith_27;* +Obseq_56; ~Eutrop_5.6'1.

47a

SYR << Antiochus Eusebes is either killed or expelled from Syria.
* Read Josephus' account
@ Joseph:AJ_13'371;* Appian:Syr_70; [Euseb]:Chron_261;(↓) { O.D.Hoover, Historia(2007), p.294; the three ancient accounts are very inconsistent.}

Philippus defeats Demetrius, who goes into exile in Parthia.
@ ~Joseph:AJ_13'384-386; { CAH_8'517; O.D.Hoover, Historia(2007), p.294 <88/7>.}

ROM Sulla stops Sertorius becoming tribune for the following year.
@ Plut:Sert_4'6; { CAH_9'173; OCD_sert.}

{21 October -R} The triumph of P.Servilius Vatia.
@ #FastTr_p108; { CAH_9'788; OCD_s.}

SIC Marius is almost captured on the coast of Sicily.
@ ~Plut:Mar_40'3.

AFR Marius attempts to land near Carthage in the province of Africa, but is expelled by Sextilius.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:RedPop_20, :Pis_43; Diod_37.29'3; +Vell_2.19'4; ValMax_6.9'6; Seneca:Contr_1.1'5,L 7.2'6;L Lucan_2'91-93, 8'269; Plut:Mar_40'4-9;* +Appian:BCiv_1'62; Exsuper_21; ~Oros_5.19'8.

ETR Q.Pompeius is murdered, allegedly at the instigation of Pompeius Strabo.
* Read Appian's account
@ +[Liv]:Per_77; +Vell_2.20'1; +ValMax_9.7m'2; +Appian:BCiv_1'63;* { CAH_9'173; OCD_p.}

AEG Archelaus and Menophanes capture Delos and other islands in the Aegean Sea.
* Read Pausanias' account
@ Cic:LegMan_55; Strab_10'486;(5.4) Plut:Sull_11'5; Flor_1.40'8; ~Appian:Mith_28; Paus_3.23'3-5;* [Vict]:VirIll_76'4; { CAH_9'151, '638; OCD_d.}

GRE Athenion seizes power in Athens, with the support of Archelaus; he is later replaced by Aristion.
* Read Athenaeus' account
@ Athen_5.211'd-214'a<q"* Poseidon_36>;[Liv]:Per_78; ~Appian:Mith_28; Paus_1.20'5; ~Eutrop_5.6'1; { CAH_9'50; OCD_ath.}

PEL Achaea, Laconia, Boeotia, and other Greek states side with Mithridates against the Romans.
* Read Appian's account
@ Sall:Hist_4.67'11; [Liv]:Per_78; Memn_22'10; ~Appian:Mith_29,* 58; { CAH_9'151.}

MAC Mithridates' fleet is destroyed(?) off Thessaly.
@ +Obseq_56.

ROM Octavius and Cinna are elected consuls, and are forced to swear not to upset Sulla's arrangements.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ Cic:Planc_51; +Plut:Sull_10'6-7;* +DioCass_fr.102'2-3; Exsuper_22; { CAH_9'173; OCD_s.}

EGY {19 Phaophi -E = Nov.} Document: SelPap_2.418, a letter from Platon to the town of Pathyris, announcing that Ptolemy Soter is at Memphis. { CAH_9'317.}

59a

{15 Hathyr -E = Nov.} Document: AET_4.21'B, a letter to the town of Pathyris, about a donkey.

59b

CYP Document: OGIS_172, the dedication of a statue of Onesander at Paphos.

NUM Marius moves to Numidia, and begins to gather together his friends and supporters.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ ~Diod_37.29'3; Lucan_2'89-90; ~Plut:Mar_40'10-14;* +Appian:BCiv_1'62.

ETR Sulla sends his army from Rome back to Capua.
@ +Appian:BCiv_1'63; { CAH_9'173.}

GRE The philosopher Philon escapes from Athens to Rome.
@ +Cic:Brut_306; { CAH_9'150; OCD_p.}

?? Apellicon collects a large library, including the books of Aristotle.
* Read Strabo's account
@ Strab_13'609;* (1.54) Athen_5.214'd-e.

AEG The Romans defeat an Athenian force led by Apellicon at Delos.
* Read Athenaeus' account
@ Strab_10'486;(5.4) Athen_5.214'd-215'b,* { CAH_9'150-151.}

AS1 Document: RC_73-74 (Syll_741), a decree of Nysa in honour of Chaeremon, a supporter of the Romans.

<< Document: Sherk_59B (OGIS_440), the inscription from a statue in honour of L.Caesar at Ilium.

ROM ?? A saying of Q.Scaevola "the Augur", when called as a witness in a court case.
@ ValMax_4.1'11.

++ The character of Scaevola, a distinguished orator and expert on legal matters.
* Read Cicero's account
@ Cic:Balb_45, :Leg_1'13,L :Brut_147-155;* ValMax_8.8'2; Athen_6.274'c-e; { ~OCD_s.}

MAC ?? Profiteering by C.Sentius, the Roman governor of Macedonia.
@ Cic:Verr_2.3'217; { DPRR.}

ROM ?? L.Plotius Gallus sets himself up as the first teacher of rhetoric at Rome.
* Read Suetonius' account
@ Cic:Arch_20; Suet:Rhet_2<q"* Cic:EpFr_1'1>;Seneca:Contr_2.pr'5;L Quint_2.4'42; +Hieron:Chron_1929; Schol:Bob_178.L

== Minatius Magius is rewarded with Roman citizenship, for his services during the Social War.
@ Vell_2.16'3.

ITA == The death of A.Cluentius, father of Cicero's client.
@ +Cic:Clu_11.