220 B.C. - events and references (original) (raw)

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EGY {18 Gorpiaeus -M = February} Document: SelPap_1.65, recording a loan from Demetria to Apollonius.{ SelPap_2.269 gives the synchronization 28 Gorpiaeus, Year 1 = 12 Tubi = February 220 B.C.}

{12 Tubi -E = February} Document: SelPap_2.269, a petition from Philista against Petechon.

{13 Tubi -E = February} Document: SelPap_2.268, a petition from Ctesicles against Dionysius.

{23 Tubi -E = March} Document: AET_7.28, a disputed contract about burial arrangements at Hawara.

MES Antiochus crosses the Tigris and advances against Molon.
@ +Polyb_5.51'2-52'3.

GRE Aetolian acts of aggression in Epirus, Acarnania, and the Peloponnese.
@ +Polyb_4.5'1-6'2; { CAH_7.1'474.}

PEL Timoxenus, the general of the Achaean League, captures Clarium, a fort near Megalopolis which had been occupied by the Aetolians.
@ +Polyb_4.6'4.

The Aetolians invade Messenia.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.6'7-12,* 7'2; ~Plut:Arat_47'1-2; { Green_702.}

MES Antiochus defeats Molon near Apollonia-Sittace.
@ +Polyb_5.52'4-54'8; { CAH_7.1'434; Green_289.}

EGY << Sosibius plots against Theodotus of Aetolia, the Egyptian general in Syria.
@ Polyb_5.61'4; { At the same time as Antiochus' campaign against Molon.}

PEL The Achaean assembly declares war on the Aetolians.
@ +Polyb_4.7'1-5.

{? July} Aratus becomes general of the Achaean League.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.7'6-10;* ~Plut:Arat_47'3; { CAH_7.1'474.}

Hagesidamus of Messene wins the pancration contest at the Olympic Games.
@ ~Syll_557.

EGY << Ptolemy is dominated by his concubine Agathocleia, and gives himself up to a life of idleness and luxury.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_5.34'1-11;* ~Plut:Cleom_33'1-2, :Mor_753'D;(9) Athen_13.577'a; ~Just_29.1'9, 30.1'1-3; Suda_P'3039.

?? Berenice encourages the production of perfume at Alexandria and Cyrene.
@ Athen_15.689'a.

++ Berenice keeps a pet lion.
@ Aelian:NA_5'39.

<< The murder of Magas, the brother of Ptolemy, and his mother Berenice.
* Read Plutarch's account
@ PHaun_6'31-32; ~Polyb_5.34'1, 35'1-6, 15.25'2; ~Plut:Cleom_33'3-8;* Zenob_3'94, 4'92; Just_30.1'2; { ~CAH_7.1'435; Bennett=221.}

THR << Byzantium imposes tolls on shipping passing through the Bosporus.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.9'1-13'6,* 14'4-6.

ASI << An epiphany of the goddess Artemis at Magnesia.
@ ~Syll_557.

The inhabitants of Magnesia consult the oracle at Delphi, and are instructed to institute games in honour of Artemis Leucophryene.
@ ~Syll_557; { See the introduction to Austin_189.}

SPA Hannibal attacks the Vaccaei and captures the city of Salmantica.
* Read Livy's account
@ ~Polyb_3.14'1; Liv_21.5'5-6;* Plut:Mor_248'E-249'B; Polyaen_7.48'1; { CAH_8'32; OCD�.}

PEL The Aetolians defeat Aratus and the Achaeans at Caphyae.
@ +Polyb_4.14'1-15'11; { CAH_7.1'474; Green_702.}

The Achaean assembly sends out ambassadors to seek aid from their allies, including Philippus of Macedonia.
@ +Polyb_4.16'1-5; { OCD�.}

MES Hermeias punishes the inhabitants of Seleuceia for their support of Molon.
@ +Polyb_5.54'9-12.

CIS The suffect consuls, Veturius and Lutatius, advance as far as the Alps.
@ +Zonar_8'20.(p49)

CRE The Cnossians destroy the city of Lyttus.
@ Polyb_4.53'3-54'6; { CAH_7.1'476.}

SPA Hannibal defeats the Carpetani.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_3.14'2-10;* Liv_21.5'7-17; { CAH_8'32; OCD�.}

AEG Scerdilaidas and Demetrius lead an Illyrian fleet in a raid against the islands of the Cyclades.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.16'6-10,* 19'7-8, 25'4; { CAH_7.1'475, CAH_8'91.}

PEL The Aetolians capture Cynaetha.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.16'11-18'12,* 19'13-21'12, 25'4, 29'6, 9.38'8; Plut:Arat_29'4; { CAH_7.1'475.}

The Aetolian army leaves the Peloponnese.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.19'1-12,* 9.38'8; ~Plut:Arat_47'5.

ASI Achaeus assumes the title of king, while marching through Phrygia.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_4.2'6, 48'12, +5.57'2-5;* { CAH_7.1'434, CAH_8'525.}

A mutiny in the army of Achaeus.
@ +Polyb_5.57'7-8.

ARM Antiochus subdues Arbazarnes, the ruler of "the Satrapies".
@ +Polyb_5.54'13-55'10.

AEG Rhodes declares war on Byzantium.
@ Polyb_4.47'3-49'5; { CAH_7.1'440; Green_702.}

ASI Prusias seizes the Asiatic territories of Byzantium.
@ Polyb_4.50'1-9; { OCD�.}

PEL The murder of Adeimantus, a pro-Macedonian Spartan ephor.
* Read Polybius' account
@ +Polyb_4.22'1-24'9;* Plut:Arat_48'5.

Philippus and his allies meet near Corinth and declare war on the Aetolians; the start of the Social War, which is the formal start of Polybius' history.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_1.1'5, 3'1-6, 2.37'1-11, 3.1'1-11, 4.1'3, +22'2-26'8;* ~Plut:Arat_47'6; ~Just_29.1'10-11; { CAH_7.1'475, CAH_8'94.}

{? October} Scopas is elected general of the Aetolian League.
@ +Polyb_4.27'1-8.

SYR Hermeias the minister of Antiochus is put to death.
@ +Polyb_5.56'1-15.

AEG Peace between Rhodes and Byzantium.
* Read Polybius' account
@ Polyb_3.2'5, ~4.50'10-52'10;* { ~CAH_7.1'440.}

Rhodes sends aid to Cnossus.
@ ~Polyb_4.53'1-2.

ILL An alliance between Philippus and Scerdilaidas.
@ +Polyb_4.29'1-7; { CAH_7.1'476; OCD�.}

GRE Envoys from the allies visit various states, seeking support against the Aetolians.
@ +Polyb_4.30'1-34'2.

PEL The ephors are murdered during unrest at Sparta.
@ +Polyb_4.34'3-35'7; { CAH_7.1'476; Green_702.}

CRE Philippus sends aid to the Polyrrhenians, who are fighting against Cnossus.
* Read Polybius' account
@ ~Polyb_4.55'1-6,* 7.11'9; Plut:Arat_48'5; Trog:Prol_29; { CAH_7.1'476..}

PON The Rhodians help Sinope against Mithridates.
@ Polyb_4.56'1-9; { OCD�.}

45a

ASI {Audnaeus -M = ? December} Document: THI_31, letters from Philippus to Olympichus and Mylasa, about the sanctuary at Labraunda.

45b

Document: THI_31.C & Austin_179c, two letters from Olympichus to Mylasa.

45c

?? Document: SEG_58.1220, a decree of Mylasa in honour of Olympichus.

== The birth of Attalus, the son of Attalus of Pergamon.
@ ~Lucian:Macr_12; { OCD�.}

AEG ?? Document: Syll_493, a decree of Histiaea in honour of Athenodorus of Rhodes.

CRE << Document: Austin_109B (Syll_527), an oath taken at Drerus in Crete, promising to help Cnossus against Lyttus.

ROM ++ The prestige of C.Duilius in his old age.
@ Cic:Sen_44; CIL_6.40952; { ~ OCD�.}

>> Freedmen are placed in the four urban tribes of citizens.
@ ~[Liv]:Per_20; { CAH_7.2'672.}

>> The construction of the Via Flaminia.
* Read Livy's account
@ Ennius:Ann_255; ~[Liv]:Per_20;* Plut:Mor_280'A; +Cassiod:Chr_534; { CAH_7.2'436; OCD�.}

>> The censorship of C.Flaminius and L.Aemilius Papus.
* Read Livy's account
@ Liv_23.21'6,* 22'3, 23'3, '5, 24.11'7; ~[Liv]:Per_20; { CAH_7.2'453; OCD�.}

>> The censors introduce the Lex Metilia, a law which regulates the activities of fullers.
@ Plin:HN_35'197; { CAH_8'70.}

>> The birth of the poet Pacuvius.
@ ~Cic:Brut_229; { OCD�.}