(original) (raw)

>2>5==K5 - 2=5H=5 1K;8 =5>B;8G8<K >B -.

0:A8<0;L=> C?@>I5==0O :><?;5:B0F8O --91-120 2B>@>9 ?>;>28=K 1942 3>40.

><?;5:B0F8O --86-120, 1943 3>4.

>A;52>5==K5 -, 3>@L:>2A:>9 A1>@:8.

    5A<>B@O =0 =5:>B>@CN <>45@=870F8N :>=AB@C:F88 Ford-AA ?5@54 55 70?CA:>< 2 ?@>872>4AB2> 2 >@L:><, 2A5 65 1K;> >G5284=>, GB> =5>1E>48<K 1>;55 @048:0;L=K5 87<5=5=8O 2 :>=AB@C:F88 <0H8=K. I5 2 1934 3>4C 1K;> ?>=OB=>, GB> =5>1E>48<> C;CGH0BL 2 1C4CI5< ?@55<=8:5 -  ?@5645 2A53>, =C6=K 1K;8 =>2K5 ?>425A:0 8 @0<0, =>2K9 42830B5;L 8 =>20O :018=0. > 5A;8 @07@01>B0BL 8 >A2>8BL =0 A<5=C - ;53:>2>9 -1 2 B5G5=85 A@>:0 459AB28O A>3;0H5=8O A $>@4>< CA?5;8, B> 2>?@>A A =>2K< 3@C7>28:>< 87-70 @0AB>@65=8O A>3;0H5=8O >AB0;AO =5@5H5==K<.
     1936 3>4C 4;O -1 1K; >A2>5= 2 ?@>872>4AB25 =>2K9 50-A8;L=K9 42830B5;L -.  MB><C 65 2@5<5=8 >B=>A8BAO 8 ?>O2;5=85 ?5@2KE M:A?5@8<5=B0;L=KE -, >A=0I5==K< MB8< <>B>@><, >4=0:> 4;O ?@>872>4AB20 42830B5;O - 5I5 8 4;O �?>;CB>@:8� C 702>40 C65 =5 E20B0;> ?@>872>4AB25==KE 2>7<>6=>AB59. '0ABL �?>;CB>@>:� A5@89=> AB0;0 >A=0I0BLAO =>2K< 42830B5;5< ;8HL 2 1938 3>4C  87 52.924 2K?CI5==KE, 23.256 <0H8= ?>;CG8;8 42830B5;L -.  1939 3>4C �?>;CB>@>:� 1K;> 2K?CI5=> GCBL 1>;LH5, => A 42830B5;5< - 2A53> 21.954 <0H8=K  4065 <5=LH5, G5< 3>4>< @0=LH5. 0@0;;5;L=K9 2K?CA: - 8 - ?@>4>;60;AO 4> 1941 3>40 8 ?>;=>ABLN - 70=O; :>=2595@ B>;L:> : 1942 3>4C, :>340 2K?CA: ;53:>2KE <0H8= =0 5 1K; D0:B8G5A:8 ?@5:@0I5=. AB5AB25==>, 8 <>45@=878@>20;8AL 2A5 MB> 2@5<O MB8 425 <>48D8:0F88  - 8 -  >48=0:>2>.
    �@C7>20O� 25@A8O <>B>@0 - >B;8G0;0AL G5BK@5E;>?0AB=K< 25=B8;OB>@>< (=0 �M<:C� CAB0=02;820;8AL 42CE;>?0AB=K5�) 8 >BACBAB285< 3;CH8B5;O HC<0 2A0AK20=8O. ><8<> =>2>3> 4;O A51O 42830B5;O, �?>;CB>@:8� ?>;CG8;8 8 G5BK@5EA:>@>AB=CN :>@>1:C ?5@540G. @C38E >B;8G89 >B - =5 8<5;>AL. 5A<>B@O =0 84CICN A A>25BA:8E 2@5<5= B@048F8N AG8B0BL - <>45@=870F859 -, A ?>78F89 A53>4=OH=53> 4=O - <>65B AG8B0BLAO ;8HL <>48D8:0F859 -, >A=0I5==>9 8=K< A8;>2K< 03@530B><, ?>A:>;L:C 4@C38E 87<5=5=89 2 :>=AB@C:F88 <0H8=K 2=5A5=> =5 1K;>. !>1AB25==>, ?> MB>9 ?@8G8=5 2 8AB>@88 =5 A>E@0=8;>AL 8 O2=>9 40BK 2K?CA:0 �=>2>9� <>45;8, B0: :0: 8 A0< >@L:>2A:89 02B>702>4 =5 AG8B0; - B0:>2>9, =5 2K45;OO 2 O2=>< 2845 2 702>4A:>9 AB0B8AB8:5 02B><>18;8 - 8 -. !CI5AB2>202H85 87=0G0;L=> ?>@>7=L !"K =0 - (!" 26008) 8 =0 - (!" 26010) 4065 1K;8 >1J548=5=K 2 1940 3>4C 2 548=K9 4>:C<5=B !"-52-40 �2B><>18;8 3@C7>2K5 - 8 -. "5E=8G5A:85 CA;>28O�, 345 C:07K20;8AL ;8HL >B;8G8O ?> 42830B5;N 42CE MB8E <>48D8:0F89.
    =0G8B5;L=0O G0ABL - 1K;0 2K?CI5=0 2 3>4K 2>9=K.  5A;8 2 1941 3>4C MB> 1K;8 2=5H=5 B5 65 4>2>5==K5 02B><>18;8, B> C65 2 ?5@2>9 ?>;>28=5 1942 3>40 87-70 =5E20B:8 <5B0;;0 <0H8=0 @078B5;L=> C?@>I05BAO. <5AB> AB0;L=>9 70:@KB>9 :018=K A 425@O<8 ?>O2;O5BAO C?@>I5==0O 157 425@59, A :>AK<8 1>:>28=0<8, ?@8720==K<8 C45@6820BL 2>48B5;O 8 ?0AA068@0 >B ?045=8O, 8 A 1@575=B>2K<8 ?>;>30<8. !25@EC 8 A=87C :018=0 ?>:@K205BAO 1@575=B><. 5B@>2>5 AB5:;> B5?5@L A>AB>8B 87 42CE ?>;>28=>:, :>B>@K5 ;53:> <>6=> 1K;> 70<5=8BL ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8. 7 :>=AB@C:F88 8A:;NG5=K ?5@54=85 B>@<>7=K5 <5E0=87<K 8 ?@82>4 : =8<. 5@5A<>B@5=0 :>=AB@C:F8O 3@C7>2>9 ?;0BD>@<K  B5?5@L >B:84K205BAO B>;L:> 704=89 1>@B. A?>;L7CNBAO ?@>ABK5 ->1@07=>9 D>@<K ?5@54=85 :@K;LO, 0 ?>4=>6:0 873>B02;8205BAO 87 45@520. ;O >A25I5=8O >AB02;5=0 B>;L:> ;520O D0@0, 0 2<5AB> 1CD5@0 8A?>;L7C5BAO =51>;LH0O B@C10. "0:>9 20@80=B :><?;5:B0F88 02B><>18;O ?>;CG8; >1>7=0G5=85 �--91-120�.
     =0G0;5 1943 3>40 =0 02B><>18;L 25@=C;0AL 2B>@0O D0@0 8 ?>O28;0AL C?@>I5==0O 45@52O==0O :018=0 (:><?;5:B0F8O ?>;CG8;0 =08<5=>20=85 --86-120) A @074286=K<8 >:=0<8 2 425@OE. 0;55 2 :>=AB@C:F8N ?>AB5?5==> AB0;8 2>72@0I0BLAO 8A:;NG5==K5 87 =55 @0=55 45B0;8 8 C7;K 8 : :>=FC 2>9=K �?>;CB>@:0� ?>GB8 >1@5;0 A2>9 ?5@2>=0G0;L=K9 284. 7 =0A;548O 2>5==KE ;5B 4> A0<>3> :>=F0 2K?CA:0 >AB0=CBAO 3=CBK5 ->1@07=K5 :@K;LO 8 45@<0B8=>20O :@KH8.  :>=FC 2>9=K  1K; 70=OB ?>43>B>2:>9 ?@>872>4AB20 02B><>18;59 =>2>3> ?>:>;5=8O  -51 8 -20 �>1540�  8 B5:CI59 <>45@=870F859 �?>;CB>@:8� C65 =5 70=8<0;AO.
     :>=F5 1944 3>40 1K;> ?@8=OB> @5H5=85 > ?5@52>45 ?@>872>4AB20 - A >@L:>2A:>3> =0 #;LO=>2A:89 02B><>18;L=K9 702>4. A5=LN 1945 3>40 =0 AB@>OICNAO ?;>I04:C =>2>3> 702>40 2 #;LO=>2A:5 1K;> >B?@02;5=> 1>;LH>5 :>;8G5AB2> B5E=>;>38G5A:>3> 8 2A?><>30B5;L=>3> >1>@C4>20=8O 87 >@L:>3>, 0 B0:65 ?@85E0;0 1>;LH0O 3@C??0 A?5F80;8AB>2 02B><>18;L=>3> ?@>872>4AB20. 0G8=0O A 1947 3>40 2K?CA: - 1K; =0;065= =0 #;LO=>2A:>< 02B>702>45 87 ?>AB02;O2H8EAO A 0 <0H8=>:><?;5:B>2, => 2A:>@5 2 #;LO=>2A:5 1K; =0;065= 8 ?>;=K9 F8:; ?@>872>4AB20 �?>;CB>@:8�.
    >A;54=89 - A>H5; A 3>@L:>2A:>3> :>=2595@0 10 >:BO1@O 1949 3>40, 0 >AB02H89AO 7045; 45B0;59 =0 G5BK@5 BKAOG8 <0H8=>:><?;5:B>2 �?>;CB>@>:� 1K; ?5@540= =0 =>2>>1@07>20==K9 >@L:>2A:89 02B>1CA=K9 702>4, :>B>@K9 A ?5@2>3> :20@B0;0 1950 3>40 A0<>AB>OB5;L=> AB0; A>18@0BL 5I5 8 H0AA8 4;O A2>8E A;C651=KE 02B>1CA>2 -03-30, A0=8B0@>: -55 8 A0<>A20;>2 -410.
    K?CA: - =0 #5 1K; 7025@H5= 2 1951 3>4C.

    5@20O <>45;L - 2 C?@>I5==>9 :><?;5:B0F88 --91-120 2KH;0 2 =>O1@5 2014 3>40 C 1@5=40 "0H 2B>?@><". 0: 8 >AB0;L=K5 <>45;8 A5<59AB20 - MB>3> 1@5=40, @07@01>B:0 <>45;8 8 55 2K?CA: 1K;8 >ACI5AB2;5=K A8;0<8 :><?0=88 Hongwell. 5;8H=5 1C45B C:070BL, GB> MB0 <>45;L 2 @0<:0E C=8D8:0F88 ?>;CG8;0 AB0=40@B=K9 :C7>2 4>2>5==>9 "?>;CB>@:8". 5;L7O A:070BL, GB> B0:8E <0H8= =5 ACI5AB2>20;>, => 0CB5=B8G=55 <>45;L 2K3;O45;0 1K A> A2>8< A>1AB25==K< 1>@B>2K< C?@>I5==K< :C7>2>2, C :>B>@>3> >B:84K20;AO B>;L:> 704=89 1>@B.

     O=20@5 2018 3>40 0=0;>38G=0O <>45;L C?@>I5==>3> --91-120 2KH;0 2 6C@=0;L=>9 A5@88 "2B>;535=4K !!! " 8740B5;LAB20 DeAgostini. ;O <>45;8 1K;8 A?@>5:B8@>20=K =>2K5 ;8BL52K5 D>@<K, 1;03>40@O G5<C <>45;L AB0;0 2K3;O45BL 1>;55 A>>B25BAB2CNI59 ?@>B>B8?C, =565;8 2KH54H0O H5ABLN 3>40<8 @0=55 2 MB>9 65 A5@88 <>45;L 4>2>5==>9 "?>;CB>@:8".  206=>9 >B;8G8B5;L=>9 >A>15==>ABLN >B <>45;8 "0H53> 2B>?@><0" AB0; >@838=0;L=K9 :C7>2 C?@>I5==>9 :>=AB@C:F88.