2.2 Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries (original) (raw)

Oracle provides a set of binary distributions of MySQL. These include generic binary distributions in the form of compressedtar files (files with a.tar.xz extension) for a number of platforms, and binaries in platform-specific package formats for selected platforms.

This section covers the installation of MySQL from a compressedtar file binary distribution on Unix/Linux platforms. For Linux-generic binary distribution installation instructions with a focus on MySQL security features, refer to theSecure Deployment Guide. For other platform-specific binary package formats, see the other platform-specific sections in this manual. For example, for Windows distributions, seeSection 2.3, “Installing MySQL on Microsoft Windows”. SeeSection 2.1.3, “How to Get MySQL” on how to obtain MySQL in different distribution formats.

MySQL compressed tar file binary distributions have names of the formmysql-_`VERSION`_-_`OS`_.tar.xz, where _`VERSION`_ is a number (for example, 8.4.5), and_OS_ indicates the type of operating system for which the distribution is intended (for example,pc-linux-i686 or winx64).

There is also a “minimal install” version of the MySQL compressed tar file for the Linux generic binary distribution, which has a name of the formmysql-_`VERSION`_-_`OS`_-_`GLIBCVER`_-_`ARCH`_-minimal.tar.xz. The minimal install distribution excludes debug binaries and is stripped of debug symbols, making it significantly smaller than the regular binary distribution. If you choose to install the minimal install distribution, remember to adjust for the difference in file name format in the instructions that follow.

Warnings

• If you have previously installed MySQL using your operating system native package management system, such as Yum or APT, you may experience problems installing using a native binary. Make sure your previous MySQL installation has been removed entirely (using your package management system), and that any additional files, such as old versions of your data files, have also been removed. You should also check for configuration files such as /etc/my.cnf or the /etc/mysql directory and delete them.
  For information about replacing third-party packages with official MySQL packages, seeReplacing a Native Third-Party Distribution of MySQL or Replacing a Native Distribution of MySQL Using the MySQL APT Repository.
• MySQL has a dependency on the libaio library. Data directory initialization and subsequent server startup steps fail if this library is not installed locally. If necessary, install it using the appropriate package manager. For example, on Yum-based systems:

$> yum search libaio  # search for info  
$> yum install libaio # install library  

Or, on APT-based systems:

$> apt-cache search libaio # search for info  
$> apt-get install libaio1 # install library  

• Oracle Linux 8 / Red Hat 8 (EL8): These platforms by default do not install the file/lib64/libtinfo.so.5, which is required by the MySQL client bin/mysql for packagesmysql-VERSION-el7-x86_64.tar.gz andmysql-VERSION-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz. To work around this issue, install thencurses-compat-libs package:

$> yum install ncurses-compat-libs  

• If no RPM or .deb file specific to your distribution is provided by Oracle (or by your Linux vendor), you can try the generic binaries. In some cases, due to library incompatibilities or other issues, these may not work with your Linux installation. In such cases, you can try to compile and install MySQL from source. SeeSection 2.8, “Installing MySQL from Source”, for more information and instructions.

To install a compressed tar file binary distribution, unpack it at the installation location you choose (typically /usr/local/mysql). This creates the directories shown in the following table.

Table 2.3 MySQL Installation Layout for Generic Unix/Linux Binary Package

Debug versions of the mysqld binary are available as mysqld-debug. To compile your own debug version of MySQL from a source distribution, use the appropriate configuration options to enable debugging support. SeeSection 2.8, “Installing MySQL from Source”.

To install and use a MySQL binary distribution, the command sequence looks like this:

$> groupadd mysql
$> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
$> cd /usr/local
$> tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz
$> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
$> cd mysql
$> mkdir mysql-files
$> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
$> chmod 750 mysql-files
$> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
$> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
$> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

Note

This procedure assumes that you have root (administrator) access to your system. Alternatively, you can prefix each command using the sudo (Linux) orpfexec (Solaris) command.

The mysql-files directory provides a convenient location to use as the value for thesecure_file_priv system variable, which limits import and export operations to a specific directory. SeeSection 7.1.8, “Server System Variables”.

A more detailed version of the preceding description for installing a binary distribution follows.

Create a mysql User and Group

If your system does not already have a user and group to use for running mysqld, you may need to create them. The following commands add the mysql group and themysql user. You might want to call the user and group something else instead of mysql. If so, substitute the appropriate name in the following instructions. The syntax for useradd andgroupadd may differ slightly on different versions of Unix/Linux, or they may have different names such asadduser and addgroup.

$> groupadd mysql
$> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

Note

Because the user is required only for ownership purposes, not login purposes, the useradd command uses the-r and -s /bin/false options to create a user that does not have login permissions to your server host. Omit these options if your useradd does not support them.

Obtain and Unpack the Distribution

Pick the directory under which you want to unpack the distribution and change location into it. The example here unpacks the distribution under /usr/local. The instructions, therefore, assume that you have permission to create files and directories in /usr/local. If that directory is protected, you must perform the installation asroot.

$> cd /usr/local

Obtain a distribution file using the instructions inSection 2.1.3, “How to Get MySQL”. For a given release, binary distributions for all platforms are built from the same MySQL source distribution.

Unpack the distribution, which creates the installation directory.tar can uncompress and unpack the distribution if it has z option support:

$> tar xvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz

The tar command creates a directory namedmysql-_`VERSION`_-_`OS`_.

To install MySQL from a compressed tar file binary distribution, your system must have GNU XZ Utils to uncompress the distribution and a reasonabletar to unpack it.

GNU tar is known to work. The standardtar provided with some operating systems is not able to unpack the long file names in the MySQL distribution. You should download and install GNU tar, or if available, use a preinstalled version of GNU tar. Usually this is available as gnutar, gtar, or as tar within a GNU or Free Software directory, such as /usr/sfw/bin or/usr/local/bin. GNU tar is available from http://www.gnu.org/software/tar/.

If your tar does not support thexz format then use the xz command to unpack the distribution and tar to unpack it. Replace the preceding tar command with the following alternative command to uncompress and extract the distribution:

$> xz -dc /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.xz | tar x

Next, create a symbolic link to the installation directory created by tar:

$> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql

The ln command makes a symbolic link to the installation directory. This enables you to refer more easily to it as /usr/local/mysql. To avoid having to type the path name of client programs always when you are working with MySQL, you can add the /usr/local/mysql/bin directory to your PATH variable:

Perform Postinstallation Setup

The remainder of the installation process involves setting distribution ownership and access permissions, initializing the data directory, starting the MySQL server, and setting up the configuration file. For instructions, seeSection 2.9, “Postinstallation Setup and Testing”.