NASA Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157 (original) (raw)

Saros Series 157

Introduction

The periodicity and recurrence of solar eclipses is governed by the Saros cycle, a period of approximately 6,585.3 days (18 years 11 days 8 hours). When two eclipses are separated by a period of one Saros, they share a very similar geometry. The two eclipses occur at the same node[1] with the Moon at nearly the same distance from Earth and at the same time of year. Thus, the Saros is useful for organizing eclipses into families or series. Each series typically lasts 12 to 13 centuries and contains 70 or more eclipses. Every saros series begins with a number of partial eclipses near one of Earth's polar regions. The series will then produce several dozen central[2] eclipses before ending with a group of partial eclipses near the opposite pole. For more information, see Periodicity of Solar Eclipses.

Statistics for Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

Solar eclipses of Saros 157 all occur at the Moon’s ascending node and the Moon moves southward with each eclipse. The series will begin with a partial eclipse in the northern hemisphere on 2058 Jun 21. The series will end with a partial eclipse in the southern hemisphere on 3302 Jul 17. The total duration of Saros series 157 is 1244.08 years. In summary:

First Eclipse = 2058 Jun 21 00:19:35 TD Last Eclipse = 3302 Jul 17 17:17:19 TD

Duration of Saros 157 = 1244.08 Years

Saros 157 is composed of 70 solar eclipses as follows:

Umbral eclipses (annular, total and hybrid) can be further classified as either: 1) Central (two limits), 2) Central (one limit) or 3) Non-Central (one limit). The statistical distribution of these classes in Saros series 157 appears in the following table.

The following string illustrates the sequence of the 70 eclipses in Saros 157: 6P 19A 3H 34T 8P

The longest and shortest central eclipses of Saros 157 as well as largest and smallest partial eclipses are listed in the below.

Description of the Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

The catalog below lists concise details and local circumstances at greatest eclipse[5] for every solar eclipse in Saros 157. A description or explanation of each parameter listed in the catalog can be found in Key to Catalog of Solar Eclipse Saros Series.

Several fields in the catalog link to web pages or files containing additional information for each eclipse (for the years -1999 through +3000). The following gives a brief explanation of each link.

• Catalog Number - link to a small global map showing geographic visibility of the eclipse
• Calendar Date - link to the path of central eclipse plotted on Google maps
• TD of Greatest Eclipse - link to a large global map showing geographic visibility of eclipse (years 1901 through 2100)
• Saros Num - link to a catalog of all eclipses in the Saros cycle
• Gamma - link to a table of Besselian elements for the eclipse
• Central Dur. - link to a table of coordinates of the central eclipse path (years 1901 through 2100)

For an animation showing how the eclipse path changes with each member of the series, see Animation of Saros 157.

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

                     TD of

Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km

09638 -33 2058 Jun 21 00:19:35 110 723 Pb 1.4869 0.1260 65.9N 9.9E 0
09679 -32 2076 Jul 01 06:50:43 149 946 P 1.4005 0.2746 67.0N 98.1W 0
09720 -31 2094 Jul 12 13:24:35 190 1169 P 1.3150 0.4224 68.0N 152.8E 0
09761 -30 2112 Jul 23 19:58:32 233 1392 P 1.2284 0.5725 69.0N 43.1E 0
09801 -29 2130 Aug 04 02:38:44 277 1615 P 1.1461 0.7158 69.9N 68.7W 0
09843 -28 2148 Aug 14 09:22:21 324 1838 P 1.0655 0.8562 70.7N 178.0E 0
09885 -27 2166 Aug 25 16:13:35 364 2061 An 0.9901 0.9531 74.4N 41.5E 7 - 03m00s 09929 -26 2184 Sep 04 23:11:00 405 2284 A 0.9185 0.9576 67.1N 123.3W 23 393 03m12s 09973 -25 2202 Sep 17 06🔞53 448 2507 A 0.8546 0.9597 57.1N 114.2E 31 281 03m24s 10017 -24 2220 Sep 27 13:35:07 493 2730 A 0.7966 0.9609 48.0N 2.8W 37 232 03m36s

10061 -23 2238 Oct 08 21:01:18 540 2953 A 0.7459 0.9618 40.1N 119.7W 41 206 03m47s 10105 -22 2256 Oct 19 04:37:31 589 3176 A 0.7025 0.9624 33.1N 122.3E 45 190 03m59s 10150 -21 2274 Oct 30 12:24:18 641 3399 A 0.6667 0.9629 27.0N 2.4E 48 179 04m08s 10196 -20 2292 Nov 09 20:20:07 694 3622 A 0.6376 0.9635 22.0N 119.1W 50 171 04m14s 10241 -19 2310 Nov 22 04:24:19 749 3845 A 0.6145 0.9642 17.9N 117.8E 52 164 04m16s 10286 -18 2328 Dec 02 12:36:37 807 4068 A 0.5974 0.9652 14.8N 6.9W 53 157 04m13s 10332 -17 2346 Dec 13 20:55:36 867 4291 A 0.5848 0.9665 12.8N 133.1W 54 149 04m04s 10378 -16 2364 Dec 24 05🔞59 928 4514 A 0.5752 0.9683 11.6N 99.8E 55 139 03m48s 10422 -15 2383 Jan 04 13:46:26 992 4737 A 0.5682 0.9706 11.4N 28.1W 55 128 03m26s 10466 -14 2401 Jan 14 22:15:20 1058 4960 A 0.5617 0.9735 11.9N 156.4W 56 114 03m00s

10509 -13 2419 Jan 26 06:44:37 1126 5183 A 0.5550 0.9770 13.2N 75.2E 56 98 02m30s 10552 -12 2437 Feb 05 15:11:25 1196 5406 A 0.5453 0.9810 14.9N 52.5W 57 79 01m58s 10595 -11 2455 Feb 16 23:36:27 1268 5629 A 0.5335 0.9857 17.1N 179.6W 58 59 01m25s 10637 -10 2473 Feb 27 07:56:51 1342 5852 A 0.5168 0.9907 19.6N 54.6E 59 37 00m53s 10679 -09 2491 Mar 10 16:11:57 1418 6075 A 0.4952 0.9964 22.2N 69.6W 60 14 00m20s 10721 -08 2509 Mar 22 00:20:47 1496 6298 H 0.4676 1.0023 24.8N 168.2E 62 9 00m12s 10762 -07 2527 Apr 02 08:23:26 1576 6521 H 0.4341 1.0086 27.3N 48.1E 64 33 00m45s 10803 -06 2545 Apr 12 16:19:46 1659 6744 H 0.3942 1.0149 29.4N 69.8W 67 55 01m17s 10843 -05 2563 Apr 24 00:08:31 1743 6967 T 0.3474 1.0213 31.1N 174.8E 70 77 01m49s 10883 -04 2581 May 04 07:51:50 1830 7190 T 0.2951 1.0276 32.0N 61.3E 73 98 02m22s

10924 -03 2599 May 15 15:28:44 1918 7413 T 0.2370 1.0337 32.0N 50.2W 76 117 02m56s 10965 -02 2617 May 26 23:01:04 2009 7636 T 0.1741 1.0394 31.0N 160.5W 80 134 03m30s 11006 -01 2635 Jun 07 06:28:22 2102 7859 T 0.1063 1.0447 28.8N 90.3E 84 150 04m04s 11045 00 2653 Jun 17 13:53:05 2197 8082 T 0.0356 1.0493 25.5N 18.8W 88 164 04m37s 11086 01 2671 Jun 28 21:15:30 2293 8305 T -0.0374 1.0534 21.1N 128.0W 88 177 05m07s 11127 02 2689 Jul 09 04:36:31 2392 8528 Tm -0.1123 1.0568 15.8N 122.4E 84 188 05m31s 11169 03 2707 Jul 21 11:58:10 2493 8751 T -0.1871 1.0593 9.8N 11.7E 79 199 05m48s 11211 04 2725 Jul 31 19:21:13 2597 8974 T -0.2611 1.0612 3.1N 100.0W 75 208 05m57s 11254 05 2743 Aug 12 02:47:40 2702 9197 T -0.3329 1.0623 4.0S 146.9E 71 216 05m56s 11299 06 2761 Aug 22 10:17:10 2809 9420 T -0.4025 1.0626 11.5S 32.4E 66 223 05m47s

Catalog of Solar Eclipses of Saros 157

                     TD of

Seq. Rel. Calendar Greatest Luna Ecl. Ecl. Sun Path Central Num. Num. Date Eclipse ΔT Num. Type Gamma Mag. Lat Long Alt Width Dur. s ° ° ° km

11344 07 2779 Sep 02 17:52:25 2918 9643 T -0.4676 1.0622 19.2S 83.8W 62 230 05m31s 11389 08 2797 Sep 13 01:33:06 3030 9866 T -0.5286 1.0611 26.9S 158.4E 58 235 05m11s 11434 09 2815 Sep 24 09:20:27 3143 10089 T -0.5844 1.0596 34.6S 38.7E 54 240 04m48s 11479 10 2833 Oct 04 17:14:56 3259 10312 T -0.6347 1.0576 42.2S 82.6W 50 244 04m23s 11525 11 2851 Oct 16 01:17:27 3376 10535 T -0.6786 1.0553 49.5S 154.4E 47 248 04m00s 11571 12 2869 Oct 26 09:28:07 3496 10758 T -0.7160 1.0528 56.5S 30.1E 44 250 03m38s 11618 13 2887 Nov 06 17:45:34 3618 10981 T -0.7479 1.0502 63.0S 94.6W 41 252 03m18s 11665 14 2905 Nov 18 02:11:36 3742 11204 T -0.7731 1.0477 68.9S 141.3E 39 252 03m01s 11710 15 2923 Nov 29 10:43:53 3867 11427 T -0.7936 1.0454 73.8S 20.2E 37 251 02m47s 11755 16 2941 Dec 09 19:23:14 3995 11650 T -0.8082 1.0434 77.0S 95.1W 36 248 02m36s

11799 17 2959 Dec 21 04:06:06 4125 11873 T -0.8202 1.0417 77.9S 155.0E 35 246 02m28s 11843 18 2977 Dec 31 12:54:33 4258 12096 T -0.8278 1.0405 76.1S 40.7E 34 244 02m23s 11888 19 2996 Jan 11 21:44:38 4392 12319 T -0.8345 1.0397 72.9S 81.5W 33 243 02m20s ----- 20 3014 Jan 23 06:36:40 4528 12542 T -0.8397 1.0394 68.9S 150.1E 33 244 02m20s ----- 21 3032 Feb 03 15:27:40 4666 12765 T -0.8461 1.0395 64.9S 19.0E 32 248 02m22s ----- 22 3050 Feb 14 00:17:54 4807 12988 T -0.8533 1.0400 61.0S 113.6W 31 255 02m26s ----- 23 3068 Feb 25 09:03:58 4949 13211 T -0.8641 1.0407 57.5S 114.4E 30 268 02m31s ----- 24 3086 Mar 07 17:46:00 5094 13434 T -0.8784 1.0416 54.6S 16.9W 28 287 02m38s ----- 25 3104 Mar 19 02:22:05 5240 13657 T -0.8979 1.0426 52.7S 146.4W 26 318 02m44s ----- 26 3122 Mar 30 10:52:38 5389 13880 T -0.9220 1.0433 51.9S 85.9E 22 368 02m50s

----- 27 3140 Apr 09 19:14:26 5540 14103 T -0.9534 1.0436 53.2S 37.8W 17 480 02m51s ----- 28 3158 Apr 21 03:29:39 5693 14326 Ts -0.9899 1.0421 58.3S 153.9W 7 - 02m39s ----- 29 3176 May 01 11:35:58 5848 14549 P -1.0337 0.9515 62.3S 88.4E 0
----- 30 3194 May 12 19:36:07 6005 14772 P -1.0825 0.8589 63.0S 40.0W 0
----- 31 3212 May 23 03:26:31 6164 14995 P -1.1388 0.7514 63.8S 166.3W 0
----- 32 3230 Jun 03 11:12:09 6325 15218 P -1.1988 0.6368 64.6S 68.4E 0
----- 33 3248 Jun 13 18:49:45 6488 15441 P -1.2645 0.5110 65.6S 55.2W 0
----- 34 3266 Jun 25 02:23:46 6653 15664 P -1.3329 0.3802 66.6S 178.3W 0
----- 35 3284 Jul 05 09:51:17 6820 15887 P -1.4059 0.2406 67.6S 59.9E 0
----- 36 3302 Jul 17 17:17:19 6990 16110 Pe -1.4796 0.1004 68.6S 62.1W 0

Calendar

The Gregorian calendar is used for all dates from 1582 Oct 15 onwards. Before that date, the Julian calendar is used. For more information on this topic, see Calendar Dates. The Julian calendar does not include the year 0. Thus the year 1 BCE is followed by the year 1 CE (See: BCE/CE Dating Conventions ). This is awkward for arithmetic calculations. Years in this catalog are numbered astronomically and include the year 0. Historians should note there is a difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates. Thus, the astronomical year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and astronomical year -1 corresponds to 2 BCE, etc..

Predictions

The coordinates of the Sun used in these predictions are based on the VSOP87 theory [Bretagnon and Francou, 1988]. The Moon's coordinates are based on the ELP-2000/82 theory [Chapront-Touze and Chapront, 1983]. For more information, see: Solar and Lunar Ephemerides. The revised value used for the Moon's secular acceleration is n-dot = -25.858 arc-sec/cy*cy, as deduced from the Apollo lunar laser ranging experiment (Chapront, Chapront-Touze, and Francou, 2002).

The largest uncertainty in the eclipse predictions is caused by fluctuations in Earth's rotation due primarily to tidal friction of the Moon. The resultant drift in apparent clock time is expressed as ΔT and is determined as follows:

1. pre-1950's: ΔT calculated from empirical fits to historical records derived by Morrison and Stephenson (2004)
2. 1955-present: ΔT obtained from published observations
3. future: ΔT is extrapolated from current values weighted by the long term trend from tidal effects

A series of polynomial expressions have been derived to simplify the evaluation of ΔT for any time from -1999 to +3000. The uncertainty in ΔT over this period can be estimated from scatter in the measurements.

Footnotes

[1] The Moon's orbit is inclined about 5 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun. The points where the lunar orbit intersects the plane of Earth's orbit are known as the nodes. The Moon moves from south to north of Earth's orbit at the ascending node, and from north to south at the descending node.

[2]Central solar eclipses are eclipses in which the central axis of the Moon's shadow strikes the Earth's surface. All partial (penumbral) eclipses are non-central eclipses since the shadow axis misses Earth. However, umbral eclipses (total, annular and hybrid) may be either central (usually) or non-central (rarely).

[3]Hybrid eclipses are also known as annular/total eclipses. Such an eclipse is both total and annular along different sections of its umbral path. For more information, see Five Millennium Catalog of Hybrid Solar Eclipses .

[4]Greatest eclipse is defined as the instant when the axis of the Moon's shadow passes closest to Earth's center. For total eclipses, the instant of greatest eclipse is nearly equal to the instants of greatest magnitude and greatest duration. However, for annular eclipses, the instant of greatest duration may occur at either the time of greatest eclipse or near the sunrise and sunset points of the eclipse path.

Acknowledgments

The information presented on this web page is based on data published in Five Millennium Canon of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000 and Five Millennium Catalog of Solar Eclipses: -1999 to +3000. The individual global maps appearing in links (both GIF an animation) were extracted from full page plates appearing in Five Millennium Canon by Dan McGlaun. The Besselian elements were provided by Jean Meeus. Fred Espenak assumes full responsibility for the accuracy of all eclipse calculations.

Permission is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak (NASA's GSFC)"