PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (original) (raw)

imagecolorallocatealpha

(PHP 4 >= 4.3.2, PHP 5, PHP 7, PHP 8)

imagecolorallocatealpha — Allocate a color for an image

Description

Parameters

image

A GdImage object, returned by one of the image creation functions, such as imagecreatetruecolor().

red

Value of red component.

green

Value of green component.

blue

Value of blue component.

alpha

A value between 0 and 127.0 indicates completely opaque while 127 indicates completely transparent.

The red, green and blue parameters are integers between 0 and 255 or hexadecimals between 0x00 and 0xFF.

Return Values

A color identifier or [false](reserved.constants.php#constant.false) if the allocation failed.

Warning

This function may return Boolean [false](reserved.constants.php#constant.false), but may also return a non-Boolean value which evaluates to [false](reserved.constants.php#constant.false). Please read the section on Booleans for more information. Use the === operator for testing the return value of this function.

Changelog

Version Description
8.0.0 image expects a GdImage instance now; previously, a valid gd resource was expected.

Examples

Example #1 Example of using imagecolorallocatealpha()

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mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.2778</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi 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mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.03588</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>a</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>e</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.02778</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>u</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.01968</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.02778</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>z</mi><mi>e</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">size = 300; &lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex-mathml&quot;&gt;&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;g&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;u&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;annotation encoding=&quot;application/x-tex&quot;&gt;image=imagecreatetruecolor(&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex-html&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height:0.854em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;ima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.03588em;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mspace&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.2778em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrel&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mspace&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.2778em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;ima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.03588em;&quot;&gt;g&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;ecre&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.02778em;&quot;&gt;r&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;u&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;eco&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.01968em;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.02778em;&quot;&gt;or&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mopen&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;size, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6595em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ze</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">300</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ka</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ka</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hm</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ttp</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">//</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">www</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mord">3.</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord">/1998/</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord mathnormal">man</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">cs</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ro</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span 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style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" 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style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">0.1944</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" 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class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.03588</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord 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style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span 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class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" 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class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6542em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.02778</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.01968</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.02778</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.854em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ze</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>size);// something to get a white background with black border <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>k</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">back = imagecolorallocate(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ba</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03148em;">k</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>image, 255, 255, 255); <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">border = imagecolorallocate(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>image, 0, 0, 0); imagefilledrectangle($image, 0, 0, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>z</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">size - 1, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7429em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ze</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>size - 1, $back); imagerectangle($image, 0, 0, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>s</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>z</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">size - 1, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7429em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ze</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8389em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>size - 1, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo separator="true">;</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">border);</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mpunct">;</span></span></span></span>yellow_x = 100; $yellow_y = 75; $red_x = 120; $red_y = 165; $blue_x = 187; $blue_y = 125; $radius = 150;// allocate colors with alpha values <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">yellow = imagecolorallocatealpha(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ye</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">lp</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ha</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>image, 255, 255, 0, 75); <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>d</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">red = imagecolorallocatealpha(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">re</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">lp</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ha</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>image, 255, 0, 0, 75); <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>a</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">blue = imagecolorallocatealpha(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ima</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">eco</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oc</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">lp</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ha</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>image, 0, 0, 255, 75);// drawing 3 overlapped circle imagefilledellipse($image, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>y</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>w</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">yellow_x, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ye</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:-0.0269em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>yellow_y, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">radius, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>radius, $yellow); imagefilledellipse($image, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><msub><mi>d</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">red_x, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">re</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>red_y, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">radius, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>radius, $red); imagefilledellipse($image, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>u</mi><msub><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi></msub><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">blue_x, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">b</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.1514em;"><span style="top:-2.55em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathnormal mtight">x</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s">​</span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>blue_y, <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>r</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi><mo separator="true">,</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">radius, </annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mpunct">,</span></span></span></span>radius, $blue);// don't forget to output a correct header! header('Content-Type: image/png');// and finally, output the result imagepng($image); ?>

The above example will output something similar to:

Example #2 Convert typical alpha values for use with imagecolorallocatealpha()

Usually alpha values of 0 designate fully transparent pixels, and the alpha channel has 8 bits. To convert such alpha values to be compatible with imagecolorallocatealpha(), some simple arithmetic is sufficient:

<?php $alpha8 = 0; // fully transparent var_dump(127 - ($alpha8 >> 1)); $alpha8 = 255; // fully opaque var_dump(127 - ($alpha8 >> 1)); ?>

The above example will output:

See Also

Found A Problem?

eric (at) junioronline.us

19 years ago

`If you only wish to extract the alpha value for a color, you can simply extract it like so:

alpha=alpha = alpha=color >> 24;?>

It actually shifts off the first 24 bits (where 8x3 are used for each color), and returns the remaining 7 allocated bits (commonly used for alpha)

`

Brett G

9 years ago

When working with transparency, avoid imagecreate() and use imagecreatetruecolor() instead. Transparency effects may not work as expected within a palette-based image.

fjoggen at gmail dot com

17 years ago

`If you need to calculate the integer representation of a color with an alpha channel, without initialising an image and using the imagecolorallocatealpha function. Then this function might be of some help:

`