PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (original) (raw)

lcfirst

(PHP 5 >= 5.3.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

lcfirst — Make a string's first character lowercase

Description

Parameters

string

The input string.

Return Values

Returns the resulting string.

Changelog

Version Description
8.2.0 Case conversion no longer depends on the locale set withsetlocale(). Only ASCII characters will be converted.

Examples

Example #1 lcfirst() example

<?php <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>o</mi><msup><mo>=</mo><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><mi>H</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>l</mi><msup><mi>d</mi><mo mathvariant="normal" lspace="0em" rspace="0em">′</mo></msup><mo separator="true">;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>x</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>:</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>w</mi><mi>w</mi><mi>w</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>w</mi><mn>3.</mn><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mn>1998</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>L</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>o</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>o</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>y</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>w</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.8889</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.1944</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.10764</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>o</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.2778</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.2778</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi>v</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>:</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.25</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.01968</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>e</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>g</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>:</mo><mn>0.10764</mn><mi>e</mi><mi>m</mi><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>i</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>d</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">&quot;</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mo>&lt;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>n</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mi>f</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>o</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo separator="true">;</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>h</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>l</mi><mi>d</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">foo = &#x27;HelloWorld&#x27;; &lt;span class=&quot;katex&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex-mathml&quot;&gt;&lt;math xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;o&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;i&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;t&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;annotation encoding=&quot;application/x-tex&quot;&gt;foo = lcfirst(&lt;/annotation&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;katex-html&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.10764em;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;oo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mspace&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.2778em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrel&quot;&gt;=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mspace&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.2778em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;base&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;strut&quot; style=&quot;height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.01968em;&quot;&gt;l&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;c&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-right:0.10764em;&quot;&gt;f&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;rs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mord mathnormal&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mopen&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;foo); // helloWorld</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9463em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oo</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7519em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9463em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">He</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">W</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7519em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">′</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ka</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ka</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hm</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ttp</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">//</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">www</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mord">3.</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord">/1998/</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10903em;">M</span><span class="mord mathnormal">L</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord mathnormal">man</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">cs</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ro</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;=&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6542em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">mi</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">os</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">re</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ro</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02691em;">w</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ann</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord mathnormal">co</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ppl</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oo</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">rs</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ann</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord mathnormal">man</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">cs</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ka</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7778em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ia</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">hi</span><span class="mord mathnormal">dd</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ba</span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.8889</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">0.1944</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.10764</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">oo</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ce</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.2778</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">re</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;=&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ce</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.2778</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ba</span><span class="mord mathnormal">se</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">v</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">0.25</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.01968</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">y</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">in</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">:</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">0.10764</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6986em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.5782em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">rs</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7335em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">hn</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ma</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6542em;vertical-align:-0.0391em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">a</span><span class="mord mathnormal">ss</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8889em;vertical-align:-0.1944em;"></span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mord mathnormal">m</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal">n</span><span class="mord">&quot;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mrel">&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;&lt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">p</span><span class="mord mathnormal">an</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">&gt;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">oo</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mpunct">;</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.1667em;"></span><span class="mord">//</span><span class="mord mathnormal">h</span><span class="mord mathnormal">e</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">ll</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">W</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">or</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">d</span></span></span></span>bar = 'HELLO WORLD!'; <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">bar = lcfirst(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ba</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">rs</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>bar); // hELLO WORLD! <span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><semantics><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>r</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>c</mi><mi>f</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>s</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">bar = lcfirst(strtoupper(</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6944em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal">ba</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathnormal">c</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mord mathnormal">i</span><span class="mord mathnormal">rs</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">s</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">r</span><span class="mord mathnormal">t</span><span class="mord mathnormal">o</span><span class="mord mathnormal">u</span><span class="mord mathnormal">pp</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">er</span><span class="mopen">(</span></span></span></span>bar)); // hELLO WORLD! ?>

See Also

Found A Problem?

phpnet at katylavallee dot com

16 years ago

`Easiest work-around I've found for <5.3:
<?php

$string

= "CamelCase" string0=strtolower(string{0} = strtolower(string0=strtolower(string{0})
echo $string; // outputs camelCase?>`

alex aulbach

16 years ago

`In some cases maybe more useful?

lower=strtolower(substr(lower = strtolower( substr(lower=strtolower(substr(upper,0,1) ) . substr($upper,1);

`

harmor

17 years ago

`A slight modification from Northie's post here ( http://us2.php.net/manual/en/function.ucfirst.php#68443), where lcfirst may not exist in your PHP build:

str[0]=strtolower(str[0] = strtolower(str[0]=strtolower(str[0]); return (string)$str; } }/* Tests */ echo var_dump(lcFirst(NULL)).'
'; /* string(0) "" */ echo var_dump(lcFirst('')) .'
'; /* string(0) "" */ echo var_dump(lcFirst('S')) .'
'; /* string(1) "S" */ echo var_dump(lcFirst('É')) .'
'; /* string(0) "�" */ echo var_dump(lcFirst('Hello World!!!')); /* string(14) "hello World!!!" */ `